1106 words from every course, explained in plain English. Stuck on a word? Look it up here.
On a food label, shows how much a serving contributes to a daily amount of a nutrient. It helps judge whether a food has a little or a lot.
In simple words A percentage that shows if a food has a little or a lot of something.
Example A food with a low percentage of sodium has little sodium.
Related Nutrition Facts table, Ingredient list
A backup rule: keep three copies of your files, on two different kinds of storage, with one copy kept off-site.
In simple words Keep three copies of your files in different places.
Example Photos on a laptop, an external drive and a cloud service.
Used in courses 4.2.4 4.4.4 11.2.3 11.5 13.6.3 13.12.3
Related RAW, Non-destructive editing
A framework for working well with AI built on four habits: delegation, description, discernment and diligence.
In simple words Four habits for using AI well: decide, explain, check and be responsible.
Example You decide what to give the AI, explain it clearly, check the result and take responsibility for sharing it.
Used in courses 1.11.4
Related Hallucination, Human in the loop
The main footage of a video, usually the person talking to camera or the main action.
In simple words The main video, like the person speaking.
Example The coach talking to the camera about a tip.
Comparing two versions of one thing, such as two subject lines, by changing only one variable and showing each to a similar group.
In simple words Trying two versions to see which works better.
Example Half your list gets subject line A, half gets B; you compare clicks.
Used in courses 2.2 2.4.3 2.5 2.7 3.1.3 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.4.3 3.4.4 3.5 3.5.3 3.6
Related Statistical significance, Sample size, Holdout mindset
Comparing two versions of one thing, such as two thumbnails, by changing only one variable and measuring which does better. YouTube can test titles and thumbnails.
In simple words Trying two versions to see which works better.
Example Two thumbnails with different words are tested on similar viewers.
Used in courses 1.2.3 2.4.2 3.2.3 3.4.3 3.5.3 3.12 4.3.2 4.5 4.5.2 4.5.3 4.5.4 7.3.3
Related Click-through rate (CTR), Thumbnail
How quickly velocity changes, whether speeding up, slowing down or turning. It is measured in metres per second squared.
In simple words How quickly something speeds up or slows down.
Example A bike that goes from 0 to 5 m/s in 5 seconds speeds up by 1 m/s every second.
Used in courses 9.4.3 12.5.2 15.1 15.1.3 15.3 15.3.2 15.3.3 15.3.4
Related Velocity, Newton's second law, Free fall
A small mark above a letter, such as é or ñ, that can change sound or meaning.
In simple words A tiny mark over a letter that changes how you read it.
Example In Spanish, 'tú' means you and 'tu' means your.
Used in courses 4.5.3 6.2.4 6.3.4 6.4 6.4.2 6.4.3 6.4.4 6.5.4 7.1.4 8.1.4 8.2.4 9.2.4
Related Gender (grammatical)
Designing sites so people with disabilities can use them, including with screen readers and keyboards.
In simple words Making websites usable by everyone.
Example Adding alt text to images for screen reader users.
Used in courses 1.7.4 2.9.1 2.9.3 2.9.4 2.12.3 2.12.4 2.26.3 3.4.4 3.11.3 4.2.4 4.5.2 4.5.3
Related HTML
A change to a process, such as extra time or a different format, that lets a person with a disability or other protected need take part equally. You can request it.
In simple words A change that helps someone take part fairly.
Example Asking for the interview questions in writing.
Used in courses 2.26 2.26.2 2.26.3 2.26.4 7.6 7.6.2 7.6.3 7.6.4 7.7.4 8.2.2 8.2.4 9.11.3
Related Structured interview
Money you owe to suppliers or others for things you have already received but not yet paid for.
In simple words Money you still owe other people.
Example A supplier delivered stock and gave you 30 days to pay the invoice.
Used in courses 2.13 2.13.2 2.13.3 2.31.3
Related Accounts receivable (A/R), Cash flow
Money customers owe you for work or goods already delivered but not yet paid.
In simple words Money people still owe you.
Example You sent an invoice for $300 two weeks ago and it is still unpaid.
Used in courses 2.1.4 2.13 2.13.2 2.13.3 2.31.3 12.5.4
Related Accounts payable (A/P), Cash flow, Payment terms
Accuracy is how close a measurement is to the true value; precision is how close repeated measurements are to each other. Random error varies unpredictably; systematic error pushes results the same way every time.
In simple words Accuracy is hitting the target; precision is hitting the same spot every time.
Example A scale that always reads 2 grams too high is precise but not accurate.
Used in courses 1.1.3 1.2.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.8.3 1.10.2 1.11.4 2.3.3 2.6.4 2.8.4 2.12.2 2.20.4
Related Fair test
Specific tasks that come out of a meeting, each with an owner and a due date.
In simple words The jobs that people agreed to do after a meeting.
Example 'Sam sends the report by Friday.'
Used in courses 1.1.2 1.4.1 6.8 7.2.4 8.6 8.6.2 13.7
Related Subject line
Strong verbs, such as organised or trained, used at the start of resume bullet points to show what you did.
In simple words Strong doing-words that start your resume points.
Example 'Organised weekly schedules for a team of eight.'
Fully focusing on the speaker, showing you understand by paraphrasing, and asking open questions.
In simple words Really listening and showing you heard.
Example So you felt left out when plans changed, is that right?
Used in courses 6.1.4 8.2.4 8.5.4 9.1.4 9.4.4 9.7 9.7.2 9.8 9.10.4 9.11.4 9.14.4 10.7.3
Related Principled negotiation, Assertiveness
Studying by trying to remember information without looking at it, for example with practice questions or flashcards. Studies in the course rate practice testing as high usefulness.
In simple words Quizzing yourself instead of just rereading.
Example Covering your notes and writing down everything you remember about a chapter.
Used in courses 1.10.3 13.16.2
Related Spaced practice, Interleaving, Cornell notes
An early stage in Canada's long-term development model for young children, focused on fun movement and play.
In simple words Fun movement and play for little kids.
Example Children play running and throwing games.
Used in courses 10.3.1 10.3.3 10.3.4
Related Progressive tennis
A part that makes something move or act, such as a motor or servo.
In simple words A part that makes a robot move.
Example A servo turns an arm.
Used in courses 15.8
A word that describes a noun, such as big, kind or quiet.
In simple words A word that describes something.
Example In 'a quiet town', 'quiet' is the adjective.
A classic Filipino dish where meat is cooked in vinegar, soy sauce, garlic and spices.
In simple words A Filipino dish cooked in vinegar and soy sauce.
Example Chicken adobo with rice.
Used in courses 2.21.3 4.4.2 6.3 6.3.2 7.2.3 12.2 12.2.2 12.2.3
The point won after deuce. If the player with advantage wins the next point, they win the game.
In simple words One point ahead after a tie in a game.
Example After deuce, you win a point and have advantage.
Used in courses 2.3.3 2.3.4 2.20.2 2.29.4 3.4 4.7.2 5.2.4 5.3.2 5.3.4 5.4.2 5.17 6.6.4
Related Deuce, No-ad scoring
A piece added to a word, such as at the front, middle or end, to change its meaning or form.
In simple words A small piece added to a word to change it.
Example Adding 'um-' to 'kain' makes 'kumain' in Tagalog.
Related Aspect, Conjugation
An AI that works towards a goal by choosing steps and using tools on its own, repeating until it is done or told to stop.
In simple words An AI helper that can take several steps by itself to finish a job.
Example An agent reads a folder of receipts, sorts them and writes a summary, asking you before it deletes anything.
Used in courses 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2.4 1.3.3 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.5.4 1.6.4 1.8.2 1.8.4
Related Tool use, Stopping conditions, Sub-agent
A way of working in short cycles with frequent feedback, as opposed to a plan-first approach often called waterfall.
In simple words Working in small steps and changing the plan as you learn.
Example A team delivers a small piece every two weeks.
Used in courses 2.30 8.4 8.4.2 8.4.3 8.4.4
Related Scrum
Matching word forms so that parts of a sentence fit each other in number, gender or person.
In simple words Making words match each other in a sentence.
Example In French, 'elle est allée' has an added 'e' to match 'elle'.
Used in courses 1.6.4 1.7.3 1.7.4 1.8.4 1.12 2.1 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.2.3 2.3.4 2.4.4 2.6.4
Related Gender (grammatical), Past participle
Computer software that can do tasks that normally need human thinking, such as writing, summarising, sorting or spotting patterns. Chat tools like Claude are one kind.
In simple words A computer program that can read and write and answer questions a bit like a person.
Example You ask an AI chat tool to turn your messy notes into a tidy to-do list.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4
Related Large language model (LLM), Prompt, Hallucination
A framework for how a message works: grab Attention, build Interest, create Desire, and ask for Action.
In simple words Get noticed, get them curious, make them want it, then ask them to act.
Example An ad opens with a surprising question, shows the benefit, shares proof and ends with a Book now button.
Used in courses 1.8 1.8.3 1.8.4 3.1 3.1.3 3.4 3.4.2 3.4.3
Related PAS framework, Call to action (CTA)
Friction from air pushing against a moving object, also called drag. Terminal velocity is the constant speed reached when drag balances weight.
In simple words The air pushing back on something moving through it.
Example A parachute uses air resistance to slow a fall.
Lining up elements along a shared edge or centre so the design looks tidy and organised.
In simple words Lining things up neatly.
Example All text left-aligned along the same edge.
Used in courses 3.5.3 11.1 11.1.2 11.1.3 11.1.4 13.1.2 13.1.4 13.3.2 13.3.3 15.2.2 15.4.3 15.4.4
Rules that require priority allergens to be clearly shown on packaged food, in plain language, in the ingredients or a Contains statement.
In simple words Showing clearly which allergies a food may cause.
Example A label says Contains: milk and wheat.
Used in courses 2.19.3 2.21 2.21.3 2.21.4 10.5.2 10.5.4 12.1.3 12.1.4 12.2 12.2.2 12.2.3 12.2.4
Related Allergens, Cross-contamination
Substances, often in foods like peanuts, milk, eggs, fish and wheat, that can cause allergic reactions in some people.
In simple words Foods that can make some people sick or very ill.
Example Peanuts in a sauce.
Used in courses 2.9.1 2.18.3 2.19.3 2.21 2.21.3 2.21.4 10.5.2 10.5.3 12.1.3 12.1.4 12.2 12.2.2
Related Cross-contamination, Allergen labelling
A short written description of an image that screen readers read aloud, so people who cannot see it understand it.
In simple words Words that describe a picture for someone who cannot see it.
Example A chart's alt text says: Bar chart showing sales rising each month.
Used in courses 1.7.4 2.12.3 3.8 3.8.2 3.8.3 3.8.4 7.6 7.6.2 7.6.3 7.6.4 7.7 7.7.4
Related Slide master
Two angles that locate an object in the sky: altitude is its height above the horizon and azimuth is its compass direction.
In simple words How high up and which direction an object is in the sky.
Example A planet at altitude 30 degrees and azimuth south is low in the southern sky.
Used in courses 15.1.2 15.1.3 15.2.2 15.3.3 15.10 15.10.2 15.10.3
Related Constellation
Tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves by diffusion.
In simple words Tiny air bags in the lungs where oxygen gets into your blood.
Example Oxygen moves into the blood across the thin alveoli walls.
Used in courses 15.5.2
Related Arteries and veins
The total number of years it would take to pay off a mortgage in full if you keep renewing it under similar terms.
In simple words How many years it takes to pay off the whole loan.
Example A 25-year amortization spreads the full loan across 25 years of payments.
The visible clickable words of a link. Good anchor text describes the page it leads to; "click here" does not.
In simple words The words you click on in a link.
Example "See our tap repair guide" is better than "click here".
Related SEO (search engine optimisation), Backlink
Relying too heavily on the first piece of information you hear, such as a first price.
In simple words Getting stuck on the first number you hear.
Example A shirt marked down from a high price seems like a good deal.
Used in courses 2.14 2.14.2 5.4.2 9.3 9.3.2
Related Confirmation bias, Framing effect
A bibliography where each source has a short note describing it and judging how useful it is.
In simple words A list of sources where you also write a few lines about each one.
Example Under each article you write two sentences on what it says and why it is trustworthy.
Used in courses 13.10.2
Related Bibliography, Primary source
A citation style that uses the author's name and the year in the text and a References list at the end. It is often used in science and social science classes.
In simple words Another set of rules for showing where your facts came from, using names and years.
Example A sentence ends with (Lee, 2021) and the full source appears in the References list.
Used in courses 1.10 1.10.2 1.10.3 9.2 9.5 9.5.2 9.10.2 9.11 9.11.2 9.12 9.13 13.1
The size of the opening in the lens, written as an f-number. A bigger opening lets in more light and blurs the background more.
In simple words How wide the lens opening is.
Example A wide aperture makes a blurry background in a portrait.
Used in courses 4.4.3 11.2.3 11.5 15.2.2
Related Shutter speed, ISO
Application Programming Interface, a way for one program to ask another for data or actions, often over the internet.
In simple words A way for programs to talk to each other.
Example A weather page asks a weather service for the forecast.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.4 1.2.2 1.2.4 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.5
Software some employers use to collect, sort and search applications.
In simple words A computer system that sorts job applications.
Example An employer searches the system for the word 'inventory'.
A shot hit while moving forward to the net, usually from a short ball.
In simple words A shot you hit on your way to the net.
Example You hit a deep ball and then walk up to the net.
Google's scripting tool for Sheets and other Google apps, used to automate tasks such as sending emails when a form is submitted.
In simple words Small programs that make Google Sheets do jobs on their own.
Example A script emails a confirmation when someone fills in a form.
Used in courses 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4
Related Trigger, Google Form
An essay that takes a position on a debatable question and supports it with reasons and evidence. Expository essays explain; analytical essays break a topic into parts.
In simple words An essay where you pick a side and prove it.
Example Arguing that schools should add a longer lunch break, using survey data as proof.
Used in courses 6.2.3 13.13 13.13.2
Related Thesis, Refutation, Rubric
Managing how fired up or nervous you feel so you can perform at your best, for example with slow breathing.
In simple words Keeping your energy not too high and not too low.
Example Taking a slow breath before a serve.
Related Between-points routine, Momentum
The notes of a chord played one at a time instead of together.
In simple words Playing a chord one note at a time.
Example Playing C, E, G in turn is a C major arpeggio.
How the parts of a song are laid out and which instruments play what, including dynamics and endings.
In simple words Who plays what and when in a song.
Example Only guitar in the verse, full band in the chorus.
Used in courses 1.7 1.7.2 1.7.4 2.6.4 2.11.3 2.18.3 2.24.3 2.25.4 5.1.3 11.3.2 11.3.3 11.4.3
Related Chord chart, Song structure
Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins carry it back; tiny capillaries connect them and exchange materials.
In simple words Tubes that carry blood around the body.
Example Oxygen passes through capillary walls to cells.
Used in courses 15.5.2
Related Blood pressure
A small word like 'the' or 'a' that goes before a noun, such as el, la, un, une in Spanish and French.
In simple words A tiny word like 'a' or 'the' before a noun.
Example In French, 'un' is for 'a' and 'le' is for 'the' with masculine nouns.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2.2 1.2.4 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.3 1.4.4
Related Gender (grammatical)
A separate panel in Claude where it shows something it made, such as a document, web page, table or small app, which you can edit and reuse.
In simple words A finished thing the AI makes that sits to the side of the chat.
Example Claude builds a price calculator as an artifact you can try right away.
Related Project (Claude), Claude Code
Whether an action is seen as finished, ongoing or not started. Tagalog verbs show aspect more than time.
In simple words Whether the action is done, happening now, or not started yet.
Example Tagalog 'kumain' is completed, 'kumakain' is ongoing, 'kakain' is not yet started.
Used in courses 1.7 1.7.3 3.2 3.8.3 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4.3 4.5 4.5.3 4.10 8.7.3
The shape of the picture, written as width to height, such as 16:9 for wide video and 9:16 for tall phone video.
In simple words Whether the picture is wide or tall.
Example A TikTok video is tall (9:16); a standard YouTube video is wide (16:9).
Used in courses 1.7.3 3.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4.3 4.5 4.5.3 4.10 11.1.2 11.2
Related Resolution
Stating your needs and views clearly and respectfully, without being passive or aggressive.
In simple words Saying what you need in a calm, respectful way.
Example I need the report by Friday so I can finish on time.
Used in courses 9.7
Related Active listening, Boundaries
How a portfolio is divided among types of investments such as cash, bonds and stocks.
In simple words How your money is split between different kinds of investments.
Example A 60% stocks and 40% bonds split is one example of an asset mix (made-up).
Related Portfolio, Rebalancing, Diversification
Communication that does not need everyone online at the same time, such as email or written updates. Synchronous means live.
In simple words Communicating without everyone being there at once.
Example A team posts a written update instead of holding a call.
Used in courses 1.4.4 7.7.2 7.7.3 7.7.4 8.6 8.6.2 8.6.3 8.6.4 15.7.3
A Filipino pickle made from green papaya, often served with fried or grilled food. Home canning needs special safety care.
In simple words A sweet and sour pickle made from papaya.
Example Atchara beside fried fish.
Used in courses 12.2.2 12.2.3 12.2.4
Related Boiling water canner, High-acid foods
The tiny building block of ordinary matter. It has a nucleus of protons and neutrons with electrons around it.
In simple words A tiny building block that everything is made of.
Example A water molecule contains atoms of hydrogen and oxygen.
The rules for deciding which channel or ad gets credit for a sale or sign-up. No attribution is perfect.
In simple words Figuring out which thing led to the sale.
Example A customer saw an ad, then searched your name and bought; the credit goes to a channel by your chosen model.
Used in courses 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.2.4 3.3.4 3.4.4 3.5.3 3.12 3.13.3 4.3.3 4.7 4.7.2 4.7.3
Related UTM parameters, Google Analytics 4 (GA4)
The specific group of people your message is for, described by their needs, questions and habits rather than just age or location.
In simple words The people you are talking to.
Example New dog owners who want simple training tips.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.2 1.2.2 1.3 1.4.3 1.6 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.6.4 1.7.2
Making sure the sound lines up with the picture. A clap or slate at the start of a recording helps match them.
In simple words Making the sound match the picture.
Example You clap once on camera so the editor can line up two recordings.
Used in courses 4.2.3
Related Room tone, Multi-camera (multicam)
An editing feature that crops a video to a new shape (for example from wide 16:9 to tall 9:16) and moves the crop to follow the main subject.
In simple words The app cuts a tall picture out of a wide one and keeps the person in it.
Example A YouTube interview is auto-reframed into a vertical Short, then the editor fixes one shot where the crop lost the speaker's face.
Used in courses 4.10
Related Aspect ratio
A feature that fixes common typing mistakes automatically as you type.
In simple words The computer fixes some of your typos for you.
Example Typing 'teh' becomes 'the' on its own.
Used in courses 13.8.3 13.9.2 13.9.3
Related Touch typing
How automatic a behaviour feels, so that you do it with little thought or effort. It builds slowly with repetition in the same situation.
In simple words When you do something without having to think about it.
Example Reaching for your seatbelt without deciding to is automatic.
Used in courses 9.1 9.1.2 9.1.3 9.1.4 9.5.4
Related Cue, Habit stacking
A feature that saves your changes automatically as you work, usually when the file is stored online.
In simple words The computer saves your work for you as you go.
Example Your Word document saved to OneDrive updates itself while you type.
Used in courses 5.18 13.1 13.8
Related OneDrive, Version history
A helper verb used with another verb to form a tense, such as avoir and être in French or haber in Spanish.
In simple words A helper verb that works with the main verb.
Example In 'j'ai mangé', 'ai' is the auxiliary and 'mangé' the main verb.
Related Passé composé, Past participle
A way of paying off debt where you make minimum payments on everything and put extra money toward the debt with the highest interest rate first.
In simple words Pay off the debt that costs you the most first.
Example With two cards at 12% and 20%, the extra money goes to the 20% card first.
Used in courses 5.1
Related Interest
The average amount a customer spends per order, found by dividing total sales by the number of orders.
In simple words On average, how much one order is worth.
Example $1,000 of sales from 20 orders is an average order value of $50.
Used in courses 2.6.3 3.1 7.3.3 7.3.4 7.4
Related Conversion rate
How long people watch a video on average. A higher figure suggests viewers find it worth watching.
In simple words How long people usually keep watching.
Example A 10-minute video with an average view duration of 4 minutes.
Used in courses 1.6.3 1.6.4 3.2 4.3 4.3.2 4.3.4 4.5.2 4.5.4 4.9.2 4.9.3
Staying away from something that makes you anxious. It brings short-term relief but can keep the fear going.
In simple words Staying away from what scares you.
Example Skipping every class discussion so you never have to speak.
Used in courses 5.3.4 9.2.4 9.13.2 13.16.4
Related Graded practice, Spotlight effect
Extra footage that covers or supports the main video, such as cutaway shots of hands working or the place.
In simple words Extra video clips you show while someone is talking.
Example While the owner explains the recipe, you show shots of flour and the oven.
Used in courses 1.6 1.6.2 1.6.4 3.3 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 4.4 4.4.2 4.4.4 4.8 4.10
Related Shot list, Repurposing
The emphasis on beats 2 and 4 in a 4/4 groove, usually played by the snare drum.
In simple words The strong snare hit on the second and fourth beats.
Example Kick on 1 and 3, snare on 2 and 4.
An editing feature that separates a person or object from the background without a green screen, so the background can be replaced or blurred.
In simple words The app cuts you out like a sticker, so you can put a new picture behind you.
Example A creator removes a messy room behind them and puts a plain colour there, then checks the edges of their hair.
Used in courses 4.2 4.2.3 4.10
Related Auto-reframe
A check that organisations do on people who work with children or vulnerable people, to protect participants.
In simple words A safety check on adults who work with kids.
Example A club asks coaches for a record check.
Used in courses 10.2.4 10.3.1 10.3.3 10.3.4
Related Rule of two, Safe sport
Light coming from behind your subject. It can create a glow but may leave the face dark.
In simple words Light shining from behind your subject.
Example A person with the sun behind them looks dark unless you adjust.
Used in courses 11.2
Related Golden hour, Exposure
A link to your website from another website, which can help people and search engines find and trust your page.
In simple words When another website links to yours.
Example A local newspaper links to your bakery's page.
Applying trading rules to past data to see how they would have done. It can mislead because of overfitting, costs and hindsight.
In simple words Testing a plan on old prices to see how it would have done.
Example A rule is tested on last year's prices, but that does not guarantee next year.
Used in courses 5.4.3 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.10.2 5.10.3 5.10.4 5.11.2 5.12
Related Overfitting, Paper trading, In-sample and out-of-sample
An extra copy of your files kept somewhere else in case the originals are lost or damaged.
In simple words A spare copy of your stuff in case something goes wrong.
Example Time Machine on a Mac or Windows Backup can keep a copy of your files.
Used in courses 1.3.3 1.4.4 1.6.4 1.10.4 2.1.4 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.3 2.3.4 2.6.4 2.9
Related Cloud sync
A research method where you look through the reference list of a good article to find earlier sources. Forward chaining looks for newer works that cite it.
In simple words Following an article's list of sources backwards to find more.
Example A great article lists 30 sources and you read the most relevant three.
Used in courses 13.10.2
Related Annotated bibliography, Peer review
A snapshot of what a business owns (assets), what it owes (liabilities) and what is left for the owner (equity) on one date.
In simple words A picture of what you own and what you owe on one day.
Example Assets $10,000 = liabilities $4,000 + equity $6,000.
Used in courses 2.1.4 2.13 2.13.3 2.13.4 2.19.4 2.31.3 2.31.4 5.4.3 5.4.4 5.6.3
A written understanding between band members about money, ownership of songs, decisions and what happens if someone leaves.
In simple words A written deal between band members.
Example Members agree how they split earnings.
The result IELTS gives for each skill and overall, on a scale from 0 to 9.
In simple words The number you get on an IELTS test.
Example A band of 6.5 in writing is one skill result.
Related IELTS
Comparing your own records with your bank statement to find and fix differences.
In simple words Checking your notebook against the bank's list to see if they match.
Example Your books say $1,200 but the bank says $1,150 because one cheque has not cleared yet.
Used in courses 2.13 2.13.2 2.13.4 2.28.4
Related Bookkeeping
A group of beats marked off by vertical lines on written music. The time signature says how many beats are in each bar. Also called a measure.
In simple words One small box of beats in written music.
Example In 4/4 time, each bar holds four quarter-note beats.
Used in courses 1.5 1.6.3 1.6.4 2.2.4 2.23.4 2.31.4 3.4.3 3.7.3 3.10 4.3 4.7.2 5.4.2
Related Beat, Time signature
A guitar chord where one finger presses across several or all strings at one fret, acting like a movable nut.
In simple words A guitar chord where one finger holds down all the strings.
Example An F major chord is often played as an E-shape barre chord at the first fret.
Used in courses 14.1.4 14.2 14.3
Related Capo, CAGED system, Power chord
Ignoring how common something is in general when judging a specific case.
In simple words Forgetting how often something happens overall.
Example A rare disease is still unlikely even after a test that is mostly accurate.
Used in courses 9.3.2
Related Survivorship bias, Framing effect
The approved version of the plan for scope, schedule or cost that you compare actual progress against.
In simple words The approved plan you measure against.
Example A baseline schedule shows the dates that were agreed.
Used in courses 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.8.3 1.11.4 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.20.3 2.26.4
Related Change control, Scope
A symbol at the start of the staff that shows lower notes, usually played by the left hand on piano.
In simple words The symbol that marks the lower notes.
Example The notes G B D F A sit on the lines of the bass clef.
Used in courses 14.5
Related Treble clef, Grand staff
Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement: your best option if the negotiation fails. Knowing it helps you decide when to walk away.
In simple words Your backup plan if the deal does not work out.
Example If the offer is too low, a better job offer elsewhere is your BATNA.
Used in courses 2.14 2.14.2 2.14.3 2.14.4 6.1.3 8.2.3 8.7.4
Related Principled negotiation, Concession
The steady pulse in music that you tap your foot to.
In simple words The steady pulse of the music.
Example Counting 1 2 3 4 along with a song.
Used in courses 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.4.4 1.10.3 1.11.4 2.1.3 2.2 2.2.3 2.19.1 2.20 2.20.2 2.20.4
Related Time signature, Tempo
Testing a worried prediction in real life to see what actually happens.
In simple words Trying something to check whether your scary guess is true.
Example Predicting nobody will answer your question, asking it, and noting the result.
Used in courses 9.13.2
Related Graded practice, Spotlight effect
An interview question that asks about a real past situation, such as 'Tell me about a time when...'.
In simple words A question asking what you did in a real situation.
Example 'Tell me about a time you solved a problem.'
Used in courses 8.2.2 8.2.3 8.2.4
Related STAR method, Situational question
A short set of habits you repeat between points, such as a breath and a plan, to stay calm and focused.
In simple words The same little steps you do before every point.
Example Walk to the line, take a breath, pick a target.
Used in courses 10.1.3 10.1.4 10.2.3
Related Momentum, Arousal control
A list of sources on a topic, usually placed at the end of a document. In Word, the bibliography tool builds it from the sources you add.
In simple words A list of the books and websites you used.
Example A report on volcanoes ends with a bibliography of the books and sites you read.
Used in courses 13.1 13.1.2 13.10.2 13.11 13.11.3 13.11.4
Related Works cited, Annotated bibliography, Citation
Habits and rules that keep disease out of a farm and stop it from spreading, like cleaning boots, limiting visitors and isolating new animals.
In simple words Keeping germs away from your animals and crops.
Example Visitors wash their hands and wear clean boots before entering the barn.
Used in courses 2.17 2.17.2 2.17.3 2.17.4 2.18 2.18.2 2.18.3 2.18.4 2.19
Related Five Freedoms
The amount of data used for each second of video or audio. Higher bitrates can look or sound better but make bigger files.
In simple words How much data each second of video takes.
Example A higher bitrate gives a clearer video but a bigger file to upload.
Used in courses 4.2.3 4.6.4 4.9 4.9.2 4.9.4
Related Resolution, Frame rate (fps)
A long quotation set apart from your paragraph in an indented block, usually without quotation marks. Each citation style has its own length rule for when to use one.
In simple words A long quote that sits in its own indented box of text.
Example A quote that runs for several lines is indented as a separate block instead of sitting inside your sentence.
Used in courses 13.1.2 13.11 13.13.2
Related Citation, Signal phrase
A shared record of transactions kept by many computers, where new entries are added in blocks that are hard to change afterward.
In simple words A shared notebook many computers keep, where old pages are very hard to change.
Example Each Bitcoin transaction is recorded in a block on the shared chain.
Used in courses 5.9 5.9.2 5.9.3 5.9.4
Related Mining, Private key
The force of blood pushing on blood vessel walls. Systolic is when the heart beats; diastolic is between beats.
In simple words How hard blood pushes inside your vessels.
Example A reading gives two numbers, such as one for each phase.
Used in courses 2.12.3 7.6.4 10.6 15.5.2
Related Arteries and veins
A minor pentatonic scale with one extra note, the flat 5, that gives the blues its character.
In simple words A five-note scale with one extra gritty note.
Example A guitarist adds the flat 5 as a passing note between two others.
Related Pentatonic scale
A large pot used to preserve high-acid foods in jars by heating them in boiling water.
In simple words A big pot for preserving sour foods in jars.
Example Jars of pickles processed in boiling water.
Used in courses 12.2.2
Related High-acid foods, Pressure canner
A loan you make to a government or company that promises to pay interest and return the amount at a set date.
In simple words A loan you give to a government or company that pays you back later with interest.
Example You lend a government money and it repays you with interest at the end.
Used in courses 2.24.4 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.4 5.4.2 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 15.4.2 15.4.4 15.6.3
Recording every sale, expense and payment so you know where the money went and can file taxes correctly.
In simple words Writing down all the money that comes in and goes out.
Example Each week you add receipts and sales to a spreadsheet by category.
Used in courses 1.3.3 2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.6.4 2.7 2.9.1 2.11.3 2.13 2.13.2
A writing style that puts the main point or request at the start of a message, with details after.
In simple words Say the main thing first.
Example 'Please approve the budget by Friday. Details below.'
Related Asynchronous (async)
Pointing a flash at a ceiling or wall so the light spreads and looks softer.
In simple words Bouncing the flash off a wall so it looks softer.
Example A flash bounced off a white ceiling lights a room gently.
Used in courses 3.5 3.5.2 3.5.3 3.12 4.4 4.4.3 5.12 5.21 9.11 9.12 9.13.3 10.1
Related Flash power, Diffuser
Limits you set about what you will and will not accept or do, stated clearly and kindly.
In simple words Lines that show what is okay and not okay for you.
Example I cannot answer messages after 9 p.m.
Used in courses 1.4.4 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.10.4 2.2.4 2.19.4 3.10.3 3.10.4 3.11 3.11.4 5.7.4 5.8.4
Related Assertiveness, Active listening
Browning food, then cooking it slowly in a small amount of liquid in a covered pot until tender.
In simple words Slow cooking in a covered pot with some liquid.
Example Chicken pieces cooked slowly in sauce.
Used in courses 12.1
A saved set of a project's logo, colours and fonts so every design looks consistent.
In simple words A set of colours, fonts and logos you reuse.
Example A bakery always uses the same two colours.
Used in courses 3.10 4.5.3 4.5.4 11.1 11.1.2 11.1.3 11.1.4
Related Repetition, Font pairing
The consistent way a business sounds in its words, using words you use, words you avoid and a tone that suits the audience.
In simple words How your business sounds when it talks.
Example A friendly, plain-spoken shop never uses jargon and always signs off with a thank you.
Used in courses 1.3 1.6.3 3.4.3 3.7.3 3.10.2
Related Personal brand, Content pillars
The number of paying people an event needs so ticket income covers its costs.
In simple words How many people must buy tickets so you do not lose money.
Example Costs of $2,000 and a $20 ticket profit means 100 attendees to break even.
Used in courses 2.9 2.26 2.26.2 2.26.3 2.26.4
Related Break-even point, Run-of-show
The number of sales where money coming in equals all your costs, so you make no profit and no loss.
In simple words The point where you stop losing money and start making it.
Example If each cake earns $5 after ingredients and your monthly costs are $500, you break even at 100 cakes.
Used in courses 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.3 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.6.3 2.6.4 2.7
Related Contribution margin, Fixed costs, Variable costs, Margin of safety
Smaller rooms inside an online meeting where groups can talk separately before returning to the main meeting.
In simple words Small group rooms inside a big online meeting.
Example A teacher sends groups of four to separate rooms to discuss a question.
Used in courses 8.3.4 13.7.2 13.7.4
Related Microsoft Teams, Organizer
A classic cut that makes very small, even cubes, usually from vegetables.
In simple words Tiny even cubes of vegetable.
Example Carrot cut into tiny cubes.
Used in courses 12.1.2
A plan that compares the money you expect to earn with what you expect to spend and save over a period, usually a month.
In simple words A plan for where your money will go before you spend it.
Example A monthly budget lists income, rent, food, transport and savings so the numbers add up.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.2 1.2 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4.4 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.7.4 1.8.4 1.9 1.11
Related Emergency fund
The total planned budget for a project.
In simple words The whole budget for the project.
Example A project planned to cost $10,000 has a BAC of $10,000.
Related Earned value, Contingency reserve
Extra time added to a plan to absorb delays and surprises.
In simple words Spare time you leave in case things take longer.
Example Leaving 15 minutes between meetings.
Used in courses 1.10.3 2.2.3 2.3.2 2.3.4 2.6.4 2.9 2.9.1 2.11.3 2.11.4 2.16.4 2.17.3 2.22.2
Related Planning fallacy, Time blocking
Official permission from your municipality to do certain construction or renovation work, so it meets the building code.
In simple words Official permission to do certain building work.
Example Adding a new wall may need a permit.
Used in courses 2.9.3 2.24 2.24.2 2.24.4 12.3 12.3.2 12.3.3 12.3.4
Money earned from carrying on a business or trading as a business, which is taxed differently from some other gains. A professional can help you decide which applies.
In simple words Money you earn from running a business.
Example A freelancer's client payments are business income.
Used in courses 2.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.3.2 2.10 2.10.1 2.10.3 2.11
Related Capital gain, GST/HST
Insurance that protects a business from costs such as damage or injury claims. Ask an insurance professional what you need.
In simple words Protection that pays if something goes wrong in a business.
Example Coverage if a customer is injured.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.4 1.3 1.3.4 1.8 1.11.4 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.3 2.3.2 2.3.4
Related Sole proprietorship, GST/HST
A name you register to run a business under when it is not just your own name. In Ontario this is done through the Ontario Business Registry.
In simple words The official name of your business.
Example A coach registers a business name for lessons.
Used in courses 1.3 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.6.3 2.6.4 2.11.2 2.11.4 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.18.3
Related GST/HST
A number the Canada Revenue Agency uses to identify a business for tax accounts such as GST/HST and payroll.
In simple words A business ID number the tax office gives you.
Example You use your BN when you open a GST/HST account.
Used in courses 2.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.3 2.6.4 2.11 2.11.2 2.11.4 2.16 2.17 2.18.3
Related GST/HST, Payroll deductions
A written plan that explains what the business does, who it serves, how it makes money and what it will cost to start.
In simple words A written plan for how your business will work.
Example A one-page plan lists customers, price, costs and the first three steps.
Used in courses 1.3.4 1.11.3 2.3 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 2.7 2.9 2.9.3 2.14 2.14.3 2.17.3
Related Lean Canvas, Break-even point
The share of an expense, such as a phone or vehicle, that is used for the business, which is the part you may claim.
In simple words The part of something that you use for work and not for fun.
Example If you use your car for work half the time, half of the car costs relate to the business.
Used in courses 2.22.2 5.8 5.8.2
Related Capital cost allowance (CCA), Bookkeeping
The warning signs of fraud listed by the Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre, such as unsolicited offers, pressure, guaranteed returns and requests to pay in crypto.
In simple words Red flags that tell you a money offer may be a scam.
Example A stranger offering guaranteed returns and pushing you to act fast shows several warning signs.
Used in courses 1.7 1.8 2.13.4 5.1.4 5.2.2 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.7.2 5.7.3 5.7.4 5.9
Related Phishing, Social engineering
A way of seeing the guitar neck as five open chord shapes, C, A, G, E and D, that can be moved up the neck.
In simple words Five basic chord shapes that you can slide up the guitar.
Example The same chord can be found in five places using the five shapes.
Related Barre chord, Fretboard
A pattern where one musician plays or sings a phrase and another answers it.
In simple words One player asks with a musical phrase and another answers.
Example The guitar plays a lick and the piano plays an answer.
Used in courses 14.1.4 14.3 14.6
Related Motif, Improvisation
The clear instruction at the end of a message that tells people what to do next, such as Book now or Reply with a yes.
In simple words The line that tells the reader what to do next.
Example "Tap the link to reserve your spot."
Used in courses 1.6 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.7.2 1.7.3 2.17.3 2.17.4 2.18.4 3.3 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.4
Related AIDA, Landing page
A regular payment to eligible families to help with the cost of raising children. Check the official page for who qualifies.
In simple words Money Canada gives eligible families to help raise children.
Example A parent applies after the child is born.
Used in courses 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.3.3 8.5 8.5.2
Related Notice of assessment
Health Canada's healthy-eating guidance, which stresses vegetables and fruits, whole grain foods, protein foods and water, and limiting highly processed foods.
In simple words Canada's guide to eating well.
Example A plate with half vegetables and fruits, a quarter whole grains and a quarter protein.
Used in courses 10.5 10.5.2 10.5.3 10.5.4 10.6
Related Nutrition Facts table, Ingredient list
A chart symbol that shows the open, high, low and close prices for one time period, with a body and thin lines called wicks.
In simple words A little chart shape showing where a price started, ended and how far it went.
Example A tall body means the price moved a lot between open and close.
Used in courses 5.5 5.10 5.10.2 5.18
Related Trend, Technical analysis
The main version chosen by Google when several pages have the same or very similar content.
In simple words The one official copy of a page.
Example Two web addresses show the same page, so Google picks one as the main version.
Used in courses 3.8.2
A popular phone and computer video-editing app with templates, captions and effects.
In simple words A free-to-start app for editing videos on your phone.
Example You trim clips and add captions in CapCut.
Used in courses 1.6 1.6.2 4.1 4.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.5 4.8 4.10
Related Motion graphics
A Canadian tax deduction that lets a business claim the cost of long-lasting assets, like equipment, over several years. Check the official page for current classes and rates.
In simple words A way to count the cost of big equipment slowly over the years.
Example A business buys a $2,000 printer and claims part of that cost each year as the rules allow.
Used in courses 2.22.2 5.8 5.8.2 5.9
Related Income tax, Business-use percentage
The profit from selling something, such as an investment or crypto, for more than you paid. Tax rules apply, so check the official page.
In simple words The profit you make when you sell something for more than you paid.
Example You bought for $100 and sold for $130, so the capital gain is $30 (made-up).
Used in courses 2.1.4 2.26 2.29.3 5.5 5.8 5.9 5.11 5.11.2
Related Business income, Disposition
Certified Associate in Project Management, an entry-level project management certification. Check the official page for details.
In simple words A beginner project management certificate.
Example A new project coordinator studies for CAPM.
Related Project
A clamp placed across a guitar's neck that raises the pitch, letting you change key while using the same chord shapes.
In simple words A clip on a guitar that makes all notes higher.
Example Putting a capo on fret 2 to match a singer's voice.
Used in courses 11.3 11.4 14.1.4 14.2 14.9 14.10.4
Related Chord progression, Chord
Two ways to count income and expenses. Cash basis counts money when it is paid or received; accrual basis counts it when the sale or cost happens.
In simple words Counting money when it moves, or counting it when the deal is made.
Example You finish a job in June but get paid in July: cash basis counts it in July, accrual in June.
Used in courses 2.13 2.13.2 2.13.3
Related Cash flow, Profit and loss statement
The money moving in and out of your business over time. A business can look profitable on paper and still run short of cash.
In simple words The money coming in and going out, and when.
Example You deliver a big order in March but the customer pays in May, so cash is tight in April.
Used in courses 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.2.4 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 2.4.4 2.5 2.6.3 2.6.4 2.8.4 2.9.4
Related Net profit
Canada's anti-spam law for commercial electronic messages. It generally needs consent, a clear sender and a working unsubscribe. Check the official source for details.
In simple words A Canadian rule that says you must have permission before sending promotional messages.
Example Before emailing a promotion, a business confirms the person opted in.
Used in courses 1.1 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.9 2.3 2.3.3 2.5 2.5.2 2.5.3 2.5.4 2.6
Related Email service provider (ESP), List hygiene, PIPEDA
Canadian law about sending commercial electronic messages. It generally requires consent, identification of the sender and a way to unsubscribe. Check the official source for current details.
In simple words A Canadian rule that says you need permission before you send promotional messages.
Example Before emailing a promotion, a business checks that the person agreed to receive it.
Used in courses 1.1 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.9 2.3 2.3.3 2.5 2.5.2 2.5.3 2.5.4 2.6
Related PIPEDA, Data minimisation
Small bright reflections of the light source in a subject's eyes that make a portrait look lively.
In simple words The little sparkles of light in someone's eyes.
Example A window leaves a bright shape in the eyes.
Used in courses 11.2.3
Related Quality of light, Diffuser
A flexible sealant used to fill gaps and keep water or air out, for example around sinks and tubs.
In simple words Soft sealing goo that fills gaps.
Example Sealing the edge of a bathtub.
Used in courses 12.3
Related Drywall patch
Cc sends a copy of an email to people who can see each other; Bcc sends a copy without other recipients seeing who is included.
In simple words Cc means copy others in the open; Bcc means copy them secretly.
Example A teacher is in the To line and a parent is copied on Cc.
Used in courses 13.4
A scale from A1 to C2 used to describe language ability, with A1 for beginners and C2 for near-native users.
In simple words Levels that show how well you know a language.
Example C1 means advanced and A1 means beginner.
Used in courses 6.1.4 6.2.3 6.2.4 6.4.3 6.4.4 6.5.3 6.5.4 6.6.4
The basic unit of life. Cell theory says all living things are made of cells and cells come from other cells.
In simple words The tiny building block of every living thing.
Example Your body is made of trillions of cells.
Used in courses 2.3.2 2.12.3 2.29.3 2.31 2.31.2 2.31.3 2.31.4 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.11.2 5.20 6.5
Related DNA
The name of a spreadsheet cell, made from its column letter and row number, such as A1. Relative references change when copied; absolute references stay fixed.
In simple words The address of one box in a spreadsheet.
Example C7 means column C, row 7.
Used in courses 2.3.2 2.12.3 2.29.3 2.31 2.31.2 2.31.3 2.31.4 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.11.2 5.20 6.5
Related Formula, Fill handle
Canadian English Language Proficiency Index Program, a computer-based English test used for Canadian immigration and citizenship.
In simple words A computer English test made for Canada.
Example The test is taken on a computer and covers four skills.
Used in courses 6.2.3 6.2.4 6.7 8.5.3
Related IELTS, CLB (Canadian Language Benchmarks)
The balance point of an object, where its whole weight can be thought of as acting. In a rocket it is called the CG.
In simple words The balance point of an object.
Example A model rocket balances on your finger at its centre of gravity.
Used in courses 15.1 15.1.2 15.10
Related Centre of pressure, Stability
The point where the total air force on a rocket acts. For stability it should be behind the centre of gravity.
In simple words The spot where the air pushes on a rocket.
Example Fins move the centre of pressure toward the tail so the rocket flies straight.
Related Centre of gravity, Stability
A process for requesting, reviewing and approving changes to a project's plan so scope does not creep.
In simple words A set of steps for approving changes.
Example A request for a new feature is reviewed before it is added.
Used in courses 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.3.3 1.4.1 1.6.3 1.6.4 2.9.3 2.12.3 2.12.4 2.13.4
A topic space inside a team where members chat and share files about one subject. Channels can be standard, private or shared.
In simple words A room inside a team just for one topic.
Example A science team has channels named Labs, Homework and Announcements.
Used in courses 1.1 1.2.4 1.6 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.6.4 1.8 2.3 2.3.3 2.6.3 2.8 2.8.3
Related Microsoft Teams, Organizer
Recording what happens in a match, such as serves in and errors, to learn patterns afterwards.
In simple words Writing down what happens in a match.
Example A parent tallies winners and errors on a sheet.
Used in courses 5.5 5.10 5.10.2 5.18 5.21 10.1.3 10.8 10.8.2
Related First-serve percentage, Unforced error
A short way of writing a chemical reaction using formulas. Coefficients in front show how many of each substance, so atoms are the same on both sides.
In simple words A recipe for a chemical reaction written with symbols.
Example 2H2 + O2 turns into 2H2O.
Used in courses 15.4.2
Related Chemical reaction, Mole
A process where substances change into different substances. The starting materials are reactants and the new ones are products.
In simple words When stuff turns into different stuff.
Example Baking soda and vinegar fizz as they make a gas.
Related Physical change, Chemical equation
Choosing only the data that supports your story and ignoring the rest, which gives a misleading picture.
In simple words Picking only the facts you like.
Example Using only a few cold days to claim winters never warm.
Used in courses 5.10.4 5.11.4 7.3 10.9.4 15.6.2 15.6.3 15.6.4
Related Standard deviation
Three or more notes played together. A major triad has a bright sound and a minor triad has a sadder sound.
In simple words Several notes played at the same time.
Example C major is C, E and G.
Used in courses 9.6.3 11.3.2 11.4 11.4.2 11.4.3 11.4.4 14.1 14.1.4 14.2 14.3 14.4.4 14.5
Related Chord progression, Major scale
A simple written sheet showing the chords and structure of a song, used by a band to play together.
In simple words A sheet that shows the chords of a song.
Example A page with chords above the lyrics.
Used in courses 11.3.2 11.4 11.4.2 11.4.3 11.4.4 14.1 14.1.4 14.5
Related Song structure, Arrangement
A series of chords played in order that forms the harmony of a song, often written with Roman numerals like I-V-vi-IV.
In simple words The chords in the order you play them.
Example C, G, Am, F is a common progression.
Canadian Investor Protection Fund, which protects eligible customers if a member investment firm becomes insolvent. It does not protect against market losses. Check its official page for details.
In simple words A safety fund for when an investment company goes bust, not for when prices fall.
Example If a member firm fails and your assets go missing, CIPF may help within its limits.
Used in courses 5.4 5.4.4 5.6 5.6.1 5.6.4 5.7 5.7.2 5.9 5.10.2 5.19 5.22
Related Deposit insurance
The body's roughly 24-hour internal clock that affects sleep, alertness and body temperature.
In simple words Your body's own clock.
Example You feel sleepy at night and awake in the morning.
Related Sleep hygiene, Insomnia
A closed loop that lets current flow. A switch opens or closes it; conductors let current pass and insulators block it. A short circuit is an unintended low-resistance path.
In simple words A loop that electricity can travel around.
Example A battery, a switch and a bulb in a loop make a simple circuit.
Used in courses 4.4.3 5.11.3 5.11.4 5.16 15.5.2 15.7 15.7.3 15.7.4
Related Electric current
A short note in your work that tells the reader which source an idea, fact or quote came from. It is paired with a full entry in a reference list.
In simple words A little note that says who you borrowed an idea from.
Example (Lee, 2021) after a sentence tells the reader to look up Lee's 2021 article.
Used in courses 1.1.2 1.2.3 1.10 1.10.2 1.10.3 1.10.4 1.11 3.7.2 5.8.4 6.2.4 13.1 13.1.2
Related Plagiarism, APA, MLA
A software kit that lets developers build their own agents using the same tools and abilities that power Claude Code.
In simple words A set of building blocks for programmers to make their own AI helpers.
Example A developer uses it to build an agent that reviews code every morning.
Used in courses 1.4 1.4.4 1.12
Related SDK, Agent, Claude Managed Agents
Anthropic's tool that lets Claude read, write and run code on your computer, usually from a terminal or editor.
In simple words A helper that can write and fix computer programs for you.
Example You ask Claude Code to add a contact form to your web page.
Used in courses 1.1 1.4 1.4.4 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.8 1.9 1.11 1.11.3 1.11.4
Related CLAUDE.md, Plan mode, Claude Agent SDK
A Claude option where Anthropic runs the agent loop and hosts a workspace for it, instead of you running the loop yourself.
In simple words A service where the company runs the AI helper for you.
Example You describe the task and the agent works in its hosted workspace.
Used in courses 1.4
Related Agent, Claude Agent SDK
A file in your project that holds instructions Claude Code reads at the start of every session.
In simple words A note to the AI that it reads every time it starts work.
Example "Use plain English in comments and never delete files without asking."
Used in courses 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.12 7.11.4
Related Claude Code, Project instructions
A safe way to hold food while cutting, curling your fingertips back so the knife slides along your knuckles.
In simple words Curling your fingers like a claw to keep them safe.
Example Holding an onion with fingertips tucked in.
The Canadian scale for describing English or French ability, used in immigration and education. Check the official page for the level needed for a program.
In simple words Canada's level numbers for how well you speak English or French.
Example A test result is converted into a CLB level.
A sentence split to put the focus on one part, such as 'It was the price that worried me.'
In simple words A sentence rearranged to highlight one part.
Example 'What I need is more time' highlights 'more time'.
Used in courses 6.2.3
Related Inversion, Sentence stress
A steady clicking beat that musicians hear in headphones while recording, so all parts stay in time.
In simple words A ticking beat in your headphones that keeps everybody together.
Example A drummer records to a click so the guitar part can be added later.
Used in courses 11.4.3 14.1.4 14.7.4 14.9
Related Metronome, Tempo, Headphone mix
The share of people who clicked your video after seeing its thumbnail and title. It helps judge whether the packaging works.
In simple words Out of everyone who saw your thumbnail, how many clicked.
Example 1,000 impressions and 50 clicks is a CTR of 5 percent.
Used in courses 2.6.3 3.1 3.2.3 3.6 3.8.2 3.8.4 3.9.3 3.12 4.3 4.3.2 4.3.4 4.5
Related Thumbnail, A/B testing
A title or thumbnail that promises something the video does not deliver, to get clicks. Good titles create curiosity and then deliver on it.
In simple words A flashy title that tricks you into clicking.
Example A thumbnail saying "You won't believe this" when nothing shocking happens.
A written contract or signed quote that says what work will be done, the price, timing and what happens if things change.
In simple words A written deal so everyone knows what was promised.
Example A signed quote lists the job, price, deposit and dates.
Used in courses 1.7.4 2.8 2.8.3 2.8.4 2.19.1 5.19 5.21
Related Scope creep, Retainer
Cutting short clips from longer videos, streams or podcasts to post on other platforms, usually with the creator's permission or a programme that allows it.
In simple words Cutting the best bits out of a long video.
Example A clipper turns a one-hour podcast into five short clips.
Used in courses 2.8 2.8.3 2.8.4 4.1 4.2.4 4.4.2 4.6.2 4.9.2 4.9.3 4.9.4 4.10 10.1
Related Reused content, Fair dealing
A business that cuts short clips from longer videos for creators and gets paid by the view, the clip or a flat fee.
In simple words A team that cuts the best short bits from long videos.
Example A clipper turns a one-hour interview into five short videos.
Used in courses 2.8 2.8.3 2.8.4 4.1 4.2.4 4.4.2 4.6.2 4.9.2 4.9.3 4.9.4 4.10 10.1
Related Copyright strike
Headphones that seal around the ears so less sound leaks out and you hear your audio clearly when recording or monitoring.
In simple words Headphones that block outside noise and keep sound in.
Example You wear them during a podcast recording so the mic does not pick up the sound.
Used in courses 4.6.2 11.4.3 14.12
Related Microphone types, Loudness
Renting computing power, storage and software over the internet instead of owning the equipment.
In simple words Using computers owned by someone else over the internet.
Example Storing files online instead of on a hard drive.
Used in courses 1.5 1.5.1 1.9 1.12 2.1.2 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.13.2 2.29.3 4.2.4 4.6.2 5.7.3
Keeping files automatically matched between your device and online storage so changes show up in both places.
In simple words Your files stay the same on your computer and online.
Example Edit a file on your laptop and the same change appears on your tablet.
Moving between two languages or styles inside one conversation.
In simple words Switching between two languages while you talk.
Example Someone speaks English at work and Tagalog with a friend in the same chat.
Related Taglish
A common effect size that shows how far apart two group averages are, measured in standard deviations.
In simple words A way to measure how big the gap between two groups is.
Example A d of 0.2 is usually described as small and 0.8 as large.
Used in courses 9.3.2 9.6.2 9.6.4 9.9.2 10.9 10.9.2 13.8.4 15.9.3
Related Effect size, Standard deviations
How clearly your ideas are organised and joined together in writing or speaking.
In simple words How well your ideas follow each other and link up.
Example Using 'however' and 'for example' helps ideas connect.
Used in courses 1.2.3 6.7 7.5.4 9.14.3 10.9.2 13.16.4
Related Lexical resource, Signposting
Words that naturally go together, such as 'make a decision' rather than 'do a decision'.
In simple words Words that sound right together.
Example We say 'heavy rain', not 'strong rain'.
Related Idiom
Correction fixes colours and brightness to look natural and match clips; grading adds a chosen look or mood.
In simple words Fixing the colours first, then giving the video a style.
Example You fix a clip that looks too blue, then give the whole video a warm look.
Used in courses 2.23.3 4.2.3 4.4.3 4.8
Related Three-point lighting
The range of colours a file or screen can show. sRGB is a standard used for most screens and web images.
In simple words The set of colours a screen can show.
Example Photos for websites are usually saved in sRGB.
Related White balance, Non-destructive editing
A sharing permission that lets someone read a file and leave comments but not change the text. Viewers only read; editors can change it.
In simple words Someone who can write notes on your work but not change it.
Example Your teacher is a commenter on your essay.
Used in courses 4.3.4 7.2 7.2.4 10.8.3 13.7 13.7.2 13.7.3
Related Suggesting mode
A choice made in advance that makes it harder to give in to a temptation later.
In simple words A promise or setup that keeps you on track.
Example Booking and paying for a class with a friend so you show up.
Used in courses 9.12.2 9.12.3 9.12.4
Related Present bias, Friction
A group of people who share an interest or goal and talk to each other, not just to the owner. Healthy ones have clear rules, a welcome and regular activity.
In simple words A group where people chat with each other.
Example A Facebook group where members share wins each Friday.
Used in courses 1.2.2 1.4.4 1.6.4 1.7.3 1.11 2.1.3 2.3.3 2.6 2.6.3 2.6.4 2.7 2.8
Related Engagement rate, Content calendar
A part of a road where fines are higher to protect people, often near schools.
In simple words A road area where fines are higher to keep people safe.
Example A school zone with signs.
Used in courses 12.5 15.3 15.3.2
Related Right of way, Demerit points
Setting a marketing budget by copying what competitors spend. It is a common method but their situation may be different from yours.
In simple words Spending the same as others because they do.
Example Matching a rival's ad budget without checking your own numbers.
Used in courses 3.1.3
Related KPI (key performance indicator)
Earning returns on both your original money and on the returns already added, so growth builds on itself over time. Fees can compound too.
In simple words When your money earns more money, and then that earns more too.
Example If $100 earns $10, next year you earn on $110, not just $100.
Used in courses 2.31 5.4 5.11.2 13.14
Related Interest, MER (management expense ratio)
A trade in Ontario where only certified or registered people may do the work, such as electricians and plumbers.
In simple words A job only certified people are allowed to do.
Example Electrical wiring work.
Used in courses 2.23 2.24 2.24.4 8.1.3 8.5.2 9.6.3 12.3 12.3.2 12.3.3 12.3.4
Related Electrical Safety Authority (ESA), TSSA
Giving up something in a negotiation or argument to reach agreement.
In simple words Giving something up to reach a deal.
Example You accept a later delivery date if they lower the price.
Used in courses 2.4.4 2.10.3 2.14 2.14.2 6.2.3 6.2.4 6.5.3
Related BATNA
A brain injury caused by a blow to the head or body that can change how a person thinks and feels. Anyone with a suspected concussion should stop playing and be checked by a health professional.
In simple words A head injury that needs rest and a check-up.
Example A player hits their head and is taken off the court.
Used in courses 10.1.4 10.2.3 10.2.4 10.3 10.3.1 10.3.3 10.3.4 10.4.3 10.6 10.7 10.7.2 10.7.4
Related Emergency action plan, Heat exhaustion
A verb form for polite requests or imagined situations, such as 'je voudrais' or 'me gustaría' (I would like).
In simple words A verb form for polite asking or for 'would' things.
Example 'Je voudrais un café' politely asks for a coffee.
Used in courses 1.4.3 2.9.3 2.22.2 2.31.3 5.5.4 6.1.3 6.4.3 6.4.4 6.5.3 6.5.4 7.1.4 7.2
A range of values likely to include the true number, given the sample. A wider range means more uncertainty.
In simple words A range that probably contains the real answer.
Example A survey finds 40% give or take 3 percentage points.
Used in courses 1.5.3 1.5.4 5.4.2 6.5.4 7.3.2 7.3.3 7.5.4 7.7.3 7.7.4 7.10.3 9.9.4 9.10.2
Related Sample, Standard deviation (SD)
The habit of noticing only the information that agrees with what you already believe and ignoring what disagrees.
In simple words Only paying attention to facts that agree with you.
Example A trader keeps reading posts that agree with their trade and skips the warnings.
Used in courses 5.4.2 5.4.4 5.5 5.10.2 5.11.2 5.12 7.3 7.3.4 9.3 9.3.2 9.3.4
Related Overconfidence, FOMO
A hidden third factor that affects both things you are comparing, making them look linked.
In simple words A hidden cause that makes two things look related.
Example Hot weather causes both ice cream sales and sunburns.
Used in courses 7.3 7.3.2 9.3.2 10.8.4
Related Correlation, Selection bias
Changing the form of a verb to show who does the action and when, such as hablo, hablas, habla.
In simple words Changing the end of a verb to match who is doing it and when.
Example In Spanish, 'hablar' becomes 'hablo' for I speak and 'hablas' for you speak.
Related Infinitive, Tense
A link that lets Claude reach another app or service, such as a calendar or file store, with the permissions you grant.
In simple words A bridge that lets the AI use another app.
Example You turn on the calendar connector so Claude can read this week's meetings.
Used in courses 1.1.4 1.4 1.4.1 1.11.3 1.11.4 1.12 6.5.3 6.6.2 7.2.3 7.6.3 8.5.2 13.11.3
Related MCP (Model Context Protocol), Tool permissions, Plugin
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another.
In simple words Energy never disappears; it only changes into other kinds.
Example A swinging pendulum trades height energy for movement energy and back.
A pattern of stars that people have named, used to find your way around the night sky.
In simple words A picture people see by joining stars like dots.
Example The Big Dipper helps you find Polaris, the North Star.
Related Light pollution
A style of selling where you ask questions to understand the customer's real problem first, then suggest a fit, instead of pushing a product.
In simple words Asking questions first so you can help, instead of just pitching.
Example A contractor asks what bothers a homeowner about the kitchen before quoting.
Related Sales pipeline, Scope creep
A review of your existing content to decide what to keep, fix or remove based on how it performs.
In simple words A check of everything you have posted to see what is worth keeping.
Example You list all blog pages and update the ones that still get visits.
A schedule that plans what to post, where and when, so content is steady instead of last-minute.
In simple words A calendar of what you will post and when.
Example Monday tip video, Wednesday customer story, Friday offer.
Used in courses 3.10.2 3.11 11.3.3
Related Content pillars
A group of pages around one topic: a hub page that gives the big picture, linked to support pages that go deeper.
In simple words A main page plus smaller pages that all link together.
Example A hub page on "home gardening" linked to pages on soil, watering and pests.
Used in courses 3.8.2
Related SEO (search engine optimisation), Keyword
An open standard that attaches a "nutrition label" to a file, recording where it came from and how it was edited, which anyone can check. C2PA is the group behind it.
In simple words A label on a picture that shows where it came from and what was changed.
Example You check a photo's credentials and see it was made with an AI image tool.
YouTube's system that automatically matches uploads against copyrighted material registered by owners, who can then block, monetise or track the video.
In simple words YouTube's robot that spots copyrighted music and video.
Example A video with a pop song gets a claim and the owner collects the ad money.
Used in courses 2.8.3 2.8.4 4.2 4.2.4 4.3.3 4.7 4.7.2 4.7.4 4.10
Related Copyright strike, Counter notification
A main topic or theme a channel keeps returning to, so viewers know what to expect.
In simple words A main subject your channel talks about again and again.
Example A tennis channel's pillars: technique, fitness and match tips.
Used in courses 1.6.2 3.2 3.3.2 3.10 3.10.2 4.3.2 4.3.4 8.3.3
Related Style blueprint
A few main topics you post about again and again so people know what you are known for.
In simple words The main subjects you keep talking about.
Example A trainer's three pillars: beginner workouts, food basics and mindset.
Used in courses 1.6.2 3.2 3.3.2 3.10 3.10.2 3.10.3 3.10.4 4.3.2 4.3.4 8.3.3
Related Content calendar, Personal brand
The amount of text an AI can keep in view at one time, including your messages, pasted files and its own replies. Anything beyond it is not seen.
In simple words How much the AI can hold in its head at once.
Example A very long document may not fit in one chat, so you paste it in sections.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.2 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.5
Money or time set aside in a project plan for known risks.
In simple words Extra money or time kept for surprises.
Example A budget includes a small reserve for delays.
Used in courses 2.1.4 2.2.4 2.4.4 2.16.4 2.20 2.20.3 2.22.4 2.23.4 2.26.4 2.31.4 3.1.3 3.2.4
Related Risk, Budget at completion (BAC)
A written agreement stating what each side will do, payment and other terms. It protects both sides.
In simple words A written agreement that both sides sign.
Example A photographer and a client agree the date, price and photo use.
Used in courses 1.1.4 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4 1.6.4 1.7.4 1.8.3 1.8.4 2.1 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.2.3
A worker is either an employee, who works under your direction and gets payroll deductions, or a contractor, who runs their own business. The rules look at how the work is really done.
In simple words Either you are somebody's staff, or you run your own little business.
Example A freelance editor who sets their own hours and uses their own tools is usually a contractor.
Used in courses 2.8 2.8.3 2.8.4 8.6.3 8.7.4
Related Payroll deductions
A clear difference between elements, such as light against dark, big against small, so things stand out and are easy to read.
In simple words Making things look different so they stand out.
Example Dark text on a light background.
Used in courses 1.7.4 2.9.3 2.12.3 4.2 4.2.3 4.4.3 4.5 4.5.2 4.5.3 4.5.4 4.8 4.10
Related Visual hierarchy, Alignment
The maximum amount you are allowed to put into a registered account in a period. Go to the official page or your CRA account for the current number.
In simple words The most money you are allowed to put into an account.
Example If you put in more than your limit, you may pay a penalty on the extra.
What is left from each sale after the variable costs of that sale. It goes towards paying fixed costs and then profit.
In simple words The money each sale has left to help pay the big bills.
Example You sell a candle for $20 and the materials cost $8, so each sale contributes $12.
Used in courses 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.3 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.6.3 2.6.4 2.8.3 2.21.3 2.23.4 2.27.3
Related Break-even point, Variable costs
A group in an experiment that does not get the change being tested, so you have something to compare with. Negative and positive controls are common types.
In simple words The group you leave alone to compare with.
Example One plant gets no fertilizer to compare with the others.
Used in courses 3.2.4 3.5.4 4.5.2 4.5.4 7.8.4 9.8.4 9.10 9.11.3 9.12 9.12.2 9.13.3 9.14.2
Related Independent variable (science), Fair test
The share of people who take the action you want, such as buying, out of everyone who had the chance.
In simple words Out of everyone who looked, how many bought.
Example 100 people visit your shop page and 4 buy, so the conversion rate is 4 percent.
Used in courses 2.5.2 2.6.3 2.10 2.12 2.12.2 2.12.3 3.1 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.5.2 3.5.3 3.6
Related Average order value (AOV), Sales pipeline
Cooling cooked food quickly, in shallow containers, so bacteria do not have time to grow.
In simple words Making hot food cold quickly so germs do not grow.
Example Spreading soup into shallow containers before the fridge.
Used in courses 12.1
Related Temperature danger zone, Leftovers
The legal right of a creator to control copying and use of their work. In Canada it generally exists automatically when a work is created.
In simple words The creator's right to decide who can copy their work.
Example You need permission to use someone else's song in a video.
Used in courses 1.3.4 1.6 1.6.4 1.7 1.7.2 1.7.3 1.7.4 1.10.2 1.10.3 2.8.3 2.8.4 2.9.1
Related Licence, Moral rights
A formal notice on a platform such as YouTube that your upload used someone's protected work without permission. Too many can lead to losing the channel.
In simple words A warning that you used someone else's work without permission.
Example A video using a famous song gets muted and a strike appears.
Used in courses 2.8.3 2.8.4 2.11 4.3 4.3.3 4.7 4.7.2 4.9.3 14.1.4 14.4.4
Related Material connection
Google's measures of how fast a page loads, how quickly it responds, and how stable it looks while loading.
In simple words Scores for how quick and smooth your website feels.
Example A page that jumps around while loading scores badly.
Used in courses 3.8 3.8.3 7.6.2 7.6.4
Related SEO (search engine optimisation)
A way of setting up a page with a notes column, a cue column for questions or keywords, and a short summary at the bottom.
In simple words A way to split your page so notes, clues and a summary each have a spot.
Example You write lecture notes on the right, questions on the left and a summary at the bottom.
Used in courses 3.9.3 3.12 10.8.3 13.12 13.12.2 13.12.4
Related Active recall, Spaced practice
A business set up as its own legal person, separate from its owners, with its own rules for tax and records.
In simple words A company that is treated like its own person in the law.
Example A corporation signs a lease in its own name, not the owner's.
Used in courses 2.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.3 2.3.4 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.5.4 2.11.2 2.11.4 2.16
Related Sole proprietorship, Limited liability
A pattern where two things tend to move together. It does not prove that one causes the other.
In simple words Two things that seem to change together.
Example Ice cream sales and sunburns rise together, but ice cream does not cause sunburn.
Used in courses 2.10.4 3.2.4 3.12 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.10.4 7.3 7.3.2 7.3.3 9.3 9.5.2 9.9.4
Related Confounder, Simple linear regression
Two things happening together does not prove that one causes the other. Something else may explain both.
In simple words Just because two things happen together does not mean one made the other happen.
Example Ice cream sales and sunburns both rise in summer, but ice cream does not cause sunburn.
Used in courses 2.10.4 3.2.4 3.12 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.10.4 7.3 7.3.2 7.3.3 9.3 9.5.2 9.9.4
Related Percent change, Trendline
The direct cost of the items you sold, such as the price you paid for stock or the materials used to make them.
In simple words What the things you sold cost you to get or make.
Example You bought 50 mugs at $4 each and sold 20, so COGS for those sales is $80.
Used in courses 2.1.4 2.3.2 2.4 2.5.4 2.13 2.13.2 2.13.3 2.20.2 2.20.3 2.21.3 2.31.3 5.4.3
Related Gross profit, Inventory turnover
A spoken or clicked count, like one two three four, that starts a song together.
In simple words Counting to start everyone at the same time.
Example The drummer clicks sticks four times.
Used in courses 4.6.2 11.3 11.3.2 14.4.4 14.7 14.7.4 14.9 14.10.4
A formal reply you can send if you believe a copyright removal was a mistake or you have the right to use the material. It has legal consequences, so use it carefully.
In simple words A formal way of saying "I think that takedown was wrong."
Example A creator with a signed licence sends one after a mistaken removal.
Related Copyright strike, Content ID
Special words used with numbers when counting things, which change with the type of thing.
In simple words Little words you add to numbers when counting different things.
Example 'さんにん' counts three people.
Used in courses 5.17 9.12.2 12.1 12.2.3
Related Particle
A bond formed when atoms share a pair of electrons. It can be single, double or triple.
In simple words A bond where atoms share electrons.
Example Two hydrogen atoms share electrons to form a hydrogen molecule.
Used in courses 15.4.2
Related Ionic bond, Electronegativity, Molecule
A short letter sent with your resume that explains why you fit a particular job and employer.
In simple words A short letter that says why you want and suit the job.
Example An opening line names the job and one reason you are a good match.
A Claude desktop feature where Claude works on tasks and files on your computer for longer stretches, with your permission.
In simple words A mode where the AI works on a task for you on your computer.
Example You ask Cowork to sort a folder of invoices into month folders.
Used in courses 1.11 1.11.3 1.11.4 1.12
Related Claude Code, Tool permissions
A family of free public licences where creators allow others to reuse their work under stated conditions, such as giving credit or not using it commercially.
In simple words A label that says how you are allowed to use someone's work for free.
Example A photo labelled "credit required" can be used if you credit the creator.
Used in courses 3.4.4 4.3.3 4.7 4.7.2 4.10 8.7.3 11.2.4
Related Music licence, Fair dealing
Being honest and fair with your audience: not tricking people, faking views or misleading them.
In simple words Being honest with the people who watch you.
Example You do not use a title that promises something the video does not deliver.
Used in courses 4.3.3
Related Material connection, Clickbait
A record kept by a credit bureau of your borrowing history, such as accounts, payments and inquiries.
In simple words A history of how you have borrowed and paid back money.
Example Your credit report shows each card, when it was opened and whether payments were on time.
Used in courses 5.1.2 5.2 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.7 5.7.2 8.5.2 13.15.2
Related Credit score, Credit utilization
A number that summarises how risky you look as a borrower, based on the information in your credit report.
In simple words A number that tells lenders how well you pay back what you borrow.
Example Paying on time and keeping balances low usually helps a score.
Used in courses 2.27.1 5.1.2 5.1.4 5.2 5.2.2 5.2.4 8.5
Related Credit report, Credit utilization
How much of your available credit you are using, such as a card balance compared with its limit.
In simple words How much of your credit card limit you are using.
Example A $300 balance on a $1,000 limit is 30% utilization.
Used in courses 5.2
Related Credit score, Credit report
The longest chain of dependent tasks in a project, which decides the earliest finish date. Delays on it delay the project.
In simple words The chain of tasks that sets how fast the project can finish.
Example If a task on the critical path is late, the whole project is late.
Used in courses 2.9 2.24.4 8.4 8.4.2 8.6.3 9.5.3 12.1.3
Related Float, Dependency
When harmful germs or allergens move from one food, hand or surface to another, for example from raw meat to ready-to-eat food.
In simple words When germs travel from one food to another.
Example Cutting raw chicken and then salad on the same board without washing it.
Used in courses 2.21 2.21.3 2.21.4 10.5.2 12.1.4 12.2 12.2.2 12.2.3 12.2.4 12.4
Suggesting a related item (cross-sell) or a bigger or better version (upsell) at the time of purchase, when it truly helps the customer.
In simple words Offering something that goes well with what they are buying.
Example A barber offers a beard trim with a haircut.
Used in courses 2.6.3
Related Average order value (AOV)
A shot hit diagonally across the court. It travels over the lower part of the net and gives more room.
In simple words Hitting the ball diagonally across the court.
Example A right-handed player sends a forehand to the other player's far corner.
Used in courses 10.1 10.1.2 10.1.3 10.1.4 10.3.3 10.8 10.8.2 10.8.3 10.8.4 10.9.3
Related Serve plus one, Winner
Cascading Style Sheets, the code that controls how HTML looks: colours, spacing and layout.
In simple words The code that makes a web page look nice.
Example CSS sets a heading's colour and size.
Used in courses 1.5.1 3.8.2 3.8.3 3.8.4 7.6.3 7.7 7.7.2 7.7.3 7.7.4 11.1.4
Related HTML
Comma-separated values, a simple text file for tables where each row is a line and columns are separated by commas.
In simple words A plain text file that stores a table.
Example A downloaded list of sales opens in a spreadsheet as rows and columns.
Used in courses 1.1.2 1.2.4 1.6.3 1.6.4 1.11 1.11.3 1.11.4 4.9.2 4.9.3 5.18 7.1.3 7.3
Related JSON, Data analytics
A trigger in your time, place or routine that reminds you to start a habit. Clear cues make a behaviour easier to begin.
In simple words A sign that tells you it is time to do something.
Example Seeing your running shoes by the door is a cue to go for a walk.
Used in courses 2.2 2.2.2 2.9.3 9.1 9.1.2 9.1.3 9.1.4 9.2.2 9.10 9.12 9.12.2 9.12.3
Related Habit stacking, Implementation intention
Going through a shoot and choosing the best photos to keep and edit.
In simple words Picking the best photos and dropping the rest.
Example Choosing 50 favourites from 500 pictures.
Used in courses 2.19.1 11.2.3 11.2.4 11.5
Related Non-destructive editing, 3-2-1 backup
Information about customs that affect how language is used, such as how direct or polite to be in a workplace.
In simple words A tip about how people in a place usually behave.
Example In many Canadian workplaces, requests are softened with 'could you please'.
What you spend on average to win one new customer, including advertising and sales time.
In simple words The cost of getting one new customer.
Example You spend $300 on ads and gain 15 customers, so each costs $20.
Used in courses 2.3.4 2.6.3 2.12 3.1
Related ROAS (return on ad spend)
What you spend, on average, to win one new customer, including advertising and sales time.
In simple words How much it costs to get one new customer.
Example You spend $200 on ads and win 10 customers, so each cost $20.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.6 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.6.4 1.7 1.7.3
Related Customer lifetime value (CLV), Return on ad spend (ROAS)
The total profit you can expect from one customer over the whole time they keep buying from you.
In simple words How much one customer is worth to you over time.
Example A customer who buys $20 of coffee every week for a year has spent about $1,000.
A licensed professional who prepares customs paperwork and pays duties on your behalf when goods cross a border.
In simple words A helper who does the border paperwork for you.
Example A broker files the forms for a pallet of goods arriving at the port.
Used in courses 2.6.4 2.25 2.25.1 2.25.3 2.25.4 2.29.3 2.29.4
Related Importer of record, Landed cost
A short shot that cuts away from the main action to show something related, then returns.
In simple words A quick look at something else before going back.
Example Cutting to the cup of coffee while someone describes it.
Using data to answer questions and support decisions: asking a question, collecting and cleaning data, analysing it, and reporting findings.
In simple words Using numbers to answer questions and make better choices.
Example Checking which product sells best each month.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4 1.4.1
Related Outlier, Correlation
An incident where private information held by a company is exposed or stolen.
In simple words When a company's secret information gets leaked or stolen.
Example A shop's customer list is stolen, so you change your password there.
Used in courses 1.1 1.3 1.3.4 1.8.2 1.8.3 1.8.4 2.6.3 2.11.4 2.12.2 2.22.3 3.1.4 3.2.3
Related Multi-factor authentication, Phishing
Sending an AI step only the information it truly needs, and swapping names and numbers for placeholders where you can.
In simple words Only giving the AI the facts it needs and keeping the private bits back.
Example To sort a message by topic, you send the text without the customer's address.
Used in courses 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.3.3 1.4.4 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.6.3 1.6.4
Related PIPEDA, Necessity and proportionality, Human in the loop
A rule that limits what can be typed into a cell, such as a drop-down list or whole numbers only.
In simple words A rule that stops wrong entries in a cell.
Example A cell only accepts 'Yes' or 'No' from a drop-down.
Used in courses 7.1 7.1.2 7.1.4 7.2 7.2.3 10.8.3 13.2.2 13.2.4 13.9.3
Related Table (spreadsheet)
Opening and closing trades within the same day, so nothing is held overnight. It brings many trades and costs, and the evidence in the course is harsh.
In simple words Buying and selling within one day.
Example All trades are closed before the market ends for the day.
Used in courses 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.11 5.11.2 5.20 5.22
Related Swing trading, Spread
Ignoring the brief extra open-and-close signals a mechanical switch gives when pressed so one press counts once.
In simple words Making sure one button press only counts once.
Example Ignore changes for a few milliseconds after a press.
Related Pull-up resistor, Interrupt
Breaking a job into inputs, steps and outputs so each part can be done, checked or automated on its own.
In simple words Cutting a big job into small pieces you can handle one by one.
Example Splitting "handle customer emails" into read, sort, draft and approve.
Used in courses 1.2.2 2.18.3 7.4.4 15.4.2
Related Prompt chain, Workflow, Swimlane map
A third choice added so that the difference between the other two is easier to see. Use it to make real differences clear, not to mislead.
In simple words A third choice that helps you see the other two better.
Example A small coffee, a large coffee and a medium priced close to the large.
Used in courses 2.4.3
Related Price elasticity of demand
In insurance, the part of a claim you pay yourself before the insurer pays. In tax, an expense that can be subtracted from income when the rules allow it.
In simple words The first part of a cost that you pay yourself.
Example If your insurance deductible is $500 and a repair costs $2,000, you pay the first $500.
Used in courses 2.11.2 2.22.3 2.22.4 2.24.3 5.1.2 5.3 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.4 5.8 5.8.2 5.8.4
Someone who the tax rules treat as living in a country for tax purposes, for example because of how many days they spend there. Rules differ by country, so check the official source.
In simple words Someone the tax office counts as living there, even if they feel like a visitor.
Example A person who stays in a country long enough in a year may be treated as a resident for tax.
Used in courses 2.8.4 2.25.1 2.29.3 2.30 5.3.3
Related Income tax, Tax treaty
A realistic AI-made or AI-altered video, image or audio that makes a real person seem to say or do something they did not.
In simple words A fake video that looks real and makes someone seem to do something they never did.
Example A fake clip of a famous person promoting an investment they never endorsed is a deepfake and can be fraud.
Used in courses 1.8 1.8.4 4.10 5.18
Related Voice cloning, Content Credentials (C2PA)
The option that applies automatically unless you choose another. People tend to stick with them.
In simple words What happens if you do nothing.
Example Having healthy snacks at the front of the fridge as the easy choice.
Used in courses 2.31.4 5.10.2 7.2.3 7.10.2 7.10.3 7.11.4 8.7.4 9.1.3 9.12.2 11.1.2 13.8.3 13.15.2
A shared checklist that says when a task counts as finished.
In simple words The list that says when a task is really finished.
Example A report is done when reviewed and saved in the shared folder.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2 1.2.3 1.3.3 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.5 1.5.1
Related Working agreement
Giving a task and the authority to do it to someone else, with clear expectations.
In simple words Handing a job to someone else and trusting them to do it.
Example A leader asks a teammate to run the weekly meeting.
Used in courses 1.5.3 2.2.3 2.12.4 2.20.4 2.24.4 3.9.4 9.4 9.4.2 9.5.3 13.4.3
Related Psychological safety, Feedback
Focused practice on a specific skill with clear goals and feedback, working just beyond your current level.
In simple words Practising on purpose the exact part you find hard.
Example A pianist repeats a tricky bar slowly until it is smooth.
Used in courses 9.6.3 9.6.4 9.9 9.9.2 9.10 9.10.2 9.13.2 9.13.3
Related Growth mindset, Retrieval practice
Points added to your driving record for certain driving offences. Too many can lead to warning letters or loss of licence, with stricter limits for novice drivers.
In simple words Points you get on your record for breaking driving rules.
Example A driver who runs a stop sign gets points.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.2 1.1.4 1.2 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.3.4 1.4.4 1.5.3 1.6 1.6.4 1.7
Related Graduated licensing, Distracted driving
A relationship where one task cannot start or finish until another does.
In simple words When one task has to wait for another.
Example You cannot send invitations before the venue is booked.
Used in courses 1.5.4 7.4.4 7.5.4 8.4.2 8.4.4 8.6.3 8.7.4 9.5.3
Related Critical path, Gantt chart
Part of a payment made in advance to secure a booking or cover costs.
In simple words Money paid early to reserve something.
Example A client pays a deposit to hold the shoot date.
Used in courses 1.3 1.7.4 1.11 2.2.2 2.3 2.3.3 2.9 2.9.1 2.9.3 2.11 2.11.2 2.11.3
Related Contract
A protection scheme that repays depositors, up to a stated limit, if a member bank or credit union fails. Check the official page for the current limits and what is covered.
In simple words A safety net that gives your bank savings back if the bank goes under.
Example A savings account at a member bank is covered by deposit insurance, up to the official limit.
Used in courses 5.1 5.1.2 5.2.4 5.3 5.4 5.9 5.9.2 5.9.3 5.9.4 5.14 5.17 5.19
Related CIPF
A short document that states the goal, audience, format, size, deadline and must-haves of a design job.
In simple words A short plan that tells what you need to make.
Example A brief for a poster: event, audience, size and deadline.
Used in courses 1.1 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4.4 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.6.4 1.7.2 1.7.3 1.7.4 1.8
Related Brand kit
Challenges that make learning feel harder in the moment but help you remember longer.
In simple words Hard-feeling practice that helps you learn better.
Example Testing yourself instead of rereading.
Used in courses 9.6.2
Related Interleaving, Retrieval practice
In tennis, a score of 40-40 in a game. A player must then win two points in a row.
In simple words When the score is tied late in a game.
Example Both players have 40, so someone must win two points in a row.
Used in courses 10.1 10.1.2 10.1.3 10.1.4
Related Advantage, No-ad scoring
Direct input, a way of plugging an instrument such as a bass or electric guitar straight into a mixing desk or interface without using a microphone.
In simple words Plugging an instrument straight into the recording gear.
Example An electric bass is plugged into a DI box and then into the mixer.
Used in courses 3.5.3 6.4.2 6.4.4 9.10 11.3.3 11.4.3 14.1.4
Related Take, Headphone mix
The large muscle below the lungs that moves down to pull air in when you breathe. Singers learn to use steady breath support.
In simple words A muscle under your lungs that helps you breathe.
Example You feel your belly move out slightly as you breathe in.
Used in courses 14.10 14.12 15.5.2
Related Vocal range, Resonance
To cut food into small, even cubes. Dice sizes include small, medium and large.
In simple words Cutting food into little cubes.
Example Diced onion for soup.
Used in courses 5.5.4 6.4.3 6.4.4 12.1 12.1.2 12.1.4 13.14.3 15.6.3
A material or modifier that spreads and softens light, such as a softbox or umbrella.
In simple words Something that makes light softer.
Example A softbox in front of a light.
Related Quality of light, Bounce
A method many image and video generators use. They start from random noise and clean it up step by step into a picture that matches your description.
In simple words The AI starts with a fuzzy mess and slowly cleans it into a picture.
Example You type "a cat on a skateboard" and the generator turns noise into that image.
Used in courses 1.7 4.4.3 15.5.2
Related Prompt, Storyboard, SynthID
A tool used to check the inside temperature of food to confirm it is cooked to a safe temperature.
In simple words A thermometer you stick in food to check it is cooked.
Example Putting it in the thickest part of chicken.
Used in courses 2.12.3 2.16.3 2.18.3 2.21 2.21.3 2.21.4 5.10.2 10.5.2 12.1 12.1.2 12.1.3 12.1.4
Related Temperature danger zone
The trail of information about you that exists online from what you post, what others post about you and what sites record.
In simple words The marks you leave behind when you use the internet.
Example Old posts, tagged photos and comments are all part of your footprint.
Used in courses 13.15 13.15.2 13.15.4
Related Privacy settings, Data breach
A method of checking and converting units by tracking them through a calculation, so the final units make sense.
In simple words Using the units to check that your math makes sense.
Example Multiplying metres per second by seconds leaves metres.
Used in courses 13.14.3 15.3.2 15.3.4
Related Significant figures
A soft pickleball shot hit just over the net so it lands in the opponent's kitchen.
In simple words A gentle shot that barely clears the net.
Example Two players trade soft shots over the net.
Used in courses 10.2 10.2.2 10.2.3 10.2.4 10.3.1 10.3.3 10.3.4 10.8 10.9 10.9.2 10.9.3 10.9.4
Related Third-shot drop, Non-volley zone
A reduction in price, often shown as a percent off the original price. Two discounts in a row do not simply add together.
In simple words Money taken off the price.
Example A 20% discount on a 50 dollar item takes off 10 dollars.
Used in courses 1.3.4 1.4.4 1.5 1.5.3 1.6 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.6.4 2.2 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4
Related Percent change, Unit price
A tax word for selling, trading or otherwise giving up something you own, which may need to be reported.
In simple words A tax word meaning you sold, swapped or gave something away.
Example Trading one crypto for another counts as a disposition for tax purposes.
Used in courses 5.9 5.9.2 5.11.3 13.6.4
Related Capital gain
The oxygen in the water that fish breathe. It often drops at night, in hot weather and after heavy feeding.
In simple words The air in the water that fish need to breathe.
Example Fish gasping at the surface can mean the water is low in oxygen.
Driving while your attention is on something else, such as a phone. It is illegal to hold a handheld device while driving in Ontario.
In simple words Driving while looking at something other than the road.
Example Checking a text while driving.
Used in courses 2.22.2 12.5 12.5.3
Related Demerit points
Spreading study over several sessions instead of cramming, which helps you remember more even though it can feel harder.
In simple words Studying a little bit on many days instead of all at once.
Example Twenty minutes on four different days beats one long night before the test.
Used in courses 1.10 1.10.3 9.6 9.6.2 9.6.4 13.10.3 13.10.4 13.11 13.11.4 13.12 13.12.2 13.12.3
Related Patchwriting
The way values are spread out, such as shown in a histogram. It can be symmetric or skewed.
In simple words How the numbers are spread out.
Example Most orders are small and a few are large, so the spread leans right.
Used in courses 1.2.3 1.2.4 2.8.3 2.8.4 2.16.3 4.7.3 5.5.3 5.10.2 5.10.4 5.15 7.3.2 7.3.3
Related Standard deviation (SD), Outlier
Spreading money across different kinds of investments so one bad result does not hurt as much.
In simple words Not putting all your eggs in one basket.
Example Holding many companies, not just one, means one failure matters less.
Used in courses 2.16.4 2.29.4 5.4 5.4.2 5.4.3 5.5.3 5.17
Related Asset mix, Portfolio, Risk tolerance
Payments some companies make to their shareholders out of profits. They are not guaranteed.
In simple words A share of a company's profit paid to its owners.
Example A company pays 20 cents per share to each shareholder.
Used in courses 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.28.3 5.3 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.4 5.4 5.4.3 5.6.1 5.6.3 5.8.3
Related Stock
The molecule in cells that carries the instructions for building and running a living thing. It is shaped like a twisted ladder, the double helix.
In simple words The instruction book inside every cell.
Example The instructions for eye colour are in your DNA.
Related Cell
Domain Name System, which turns website names into the number addresses computers use.
In simple words The internet's phone book that turns names into addresses.
Example Typing a site name makes DNS find its address.
Used in courses 3.5.3 3.8.3 7.6 7.10 7.10.2 7.10.3
Related Domain name, IP address
Digital Object Identifier, a permanent code that points to a particular article or document online. Many journal articles have one and citation styles ask you to include it.
In simple words A permanent web address code for one article.
Example An APA reference for a journal article ends with its DOI so readers can find the article.
Used in courses 2.2 2.2.2 2.14 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.11.3 9.1 9.1.2 9.1.3 9.1.4 9.2.3 9.2.4
Related APA, Peer review
The web address people type to reach a site, such as example.com. It is bought through a registrar.
In simple words The name of a website, like example.com.
Example A bakery registers its own domain name.
Used in courses 1.1.4 1.7 1.7.2 1.7.3 1.7.4 1.11.3 2.3.4 2.6 2.15.4 2.29 3.5 3.5.3
A remote interview method where each person records their own audio locally, then the files are combined for better quality.
In simple words Each person records their own voice, then you join them.
Example You and the guest each record on your phones and share the files.
Used in courses 4.6.2
Related Audio sync, Guest release
A method where every transaction is recorded in at least two accounts so the books stay balanced.
In simple words Writing each money move twice, in two places, so the numbers always match.
Example Buying a $500 camera with cash raises equipment by $500 and lowers cash by $500.
Used in courses 2.13
Related Balance sheet, Bookkeeping
The part of a home's price you pay up front from your own money, instead of borrowing it.
In simple words The money you pay first when buying a house.
Example For a $400,000 home, a $40,000 down payment means you borrow the rest.
Used in courses 5.1.3 5.2.3 12.3.2
Related Mortgage, Mortgage loan insurance
The force of air pushing against a moving object and slowing it.
In simple words The air pushing back on something that is moving.
Example A parachute creates lots of drag so a rocket drifts down slowly.
Used in courses 1.5.1 1.11 2.22.2 2.31 4.2 4.3.2 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.5.3 5.11.2 5.11.3 7.1
Related Lift, Thrust, Air resistance
The fall from a peak in account value to a later low, shown in money or percent.
In simple words How far your account falls from its highest point.
Example A balance falling from $1,000 to $800 is a 20% drawdown.
Used in courses 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.10.3 5.10.4 5.11 5.11.3 5.12 5.22
Related Risk of ruin, Trading journal
A full practice that copies the real show, with the same order, gear and timing.
In simple words A practice that is just like the real show.
Example A band plays the whole set list as if on stage.
Used in courses 4.4.3 11.3.2 11.3.3
Related Set list
Showing a low price at first and adding fees later in the buying process. It can be treated as misleading, so show the full price early.
In simple words Hiding extra fees until the end.
Example A ticket listed at one price grows by several fees at checkout.
Used in courses 2.4 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.5.3 2.6 2.6.3 2.9 2.9.1 2.12 2.15 2.15.2
Related Earnings claims
Software that lets the operating system talk to a piece of hardware, such as a printer.
In simple words A program that helps the computer use a device.
Example Updating a printer driver can fix printing.
Used in courses 2.19.4 2.20.3 2.22 2.22.2 2.22.3 2.22.4 2.26 2.26.2 2.26.3 2.29 2.29.3 5.2.2
Related Safe mode
Standard sticking patterns that are the building blocks of drumming, such as the single stroke roll and the double stroke roll.
In simple words Basic stick patterns every drummer practises.
Example The single stroke roll alternates right and left hand evenly.
Used in courses 14.8
Related Backbeat, Ghost notes
A repair made to fill a hole in drywall using filler or a patch, followed by sanding and paint.
In simple words A fix that fills a hole in the wall.
Example Filling a nail hole with filler.
Used in courses 12.3.2
How loud or soft music is, and changes between loud and soft. Symbols like pp (very soft) and crescendo (getting louder) show this.
In simple words How loud or quiet the music is.
Example The song starts very softly and grows louder in the chorus.
Used in courses 2.2.3 5.22 8.6.4 9.4 9.4.2 9.7.3 9.9.3 11.3.2 11.4.2 11.4.3 14.1.4 14.3
Related Beat
A way to track project progress by comparing planned value (PV), earned value (EV) and actual cost (AC).
In simple words A way of checking if you are on time and on budget.
Example If EV is less than PV, the project is behind schedule.
Statements about how much money someone can make from a business or programme. They must be honest and backed by facts; do not promise income.
In simple words Saying how much money someone will make, which you must not exaggerate.
Example Saying "most people earn thousands" without evidence can break advertising rules.
Used in courses 2.6 2.27 2.27.1 2.27.3 2.27.4
Related Drip pricing
When one object blocks light between another two. A solar eclipse is when the Moon blocks the Sun; a lunar eclipse is when Earth's shadow falls on the Moon. Never look at the Sun without proper eclipse glasses.
In simple words When the Sun or Moon is covered up by a shadow.
Example A lunar eclipse is safe to watch, but a solar eclipse needs special glasses.
Used in courses 15.2 15.2.2 15.2.4
Related Phases of the Moon
A schedule of upcoming reports and announcements, such as interest rate decisions, that can move markets.
In simple words A calendar showing when big news is due out.
Example A listed interest rate decision can make prices jump at that time.
Used in courses 5.6 5.6.3 5.12 5.13 5.16
Related Gap, Volatility
A US rule that a state may require a remote seller to collect its sales tax once sales or orders there pass a set level, even without a shop in that state.
In simple words If you sell a lot into a state, that state can ask you to collect its tax.
Example An online shop based elsewhere sells heavily into one state and may have to register there.
Used in courses 2.29.3
Related GST/HST
Programs used to cut and finish video, such as Adobe Premiere Pro or DaVinci Resolve on a computer, and CapCut on a phone.
In simple words Apps where you cut and arrange your video.
Example You open Premiere Pro to build a timeline.
Related CapCut, Colour correction and grading
A report comparing your foreign education to Canadian education, often used for immigration or work.
In simple words A report that shows what your foreign degree equals in Canada.
Example An ECA says your degree matches a Canadian bachelor's.
Used in courses 8.5.2
Related Regulated occupation
A number that shows how big the difference is that a method makes in a study, not just whether there was a difference.
In simple words A number showing how much something helped.
Example A method with a bigger effect size helped learners more than one with a small effect size.
Used in courses 9.1.2 9.1.3 9.3.2 9.6.2 9.6.4 9.9.2 9.9.4 9.11.4 9.12.3 9.12.4 9.13 9.14
Related Active recall
The idea that willpower is a limited fuel that runs out after use. The course notes that this idea is disputed in research.
In simple words The idea that willpower gets tired like a muscle, though scientists disagree.
Example After a long day of hard choices, some people say they have less self-control.
Used in courses 9.10 9.12 9.12.2 9.12.3 9.12.4
Related Self-discipline, Friction
The flow of electric charge, measured in amperes. Voltage is the push that drives the flow and resistance is what opposes it.
In simple words Electricity flowing through a wire.
Example A battery's voltage pushes current through a bulb.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.4 1.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4 1.4.1 1.5.3 1.5.4
The box where circuit breakers control power to each part of a home.
In simple words The box that controls electricity in your home.
Example A tripped breaker is found there.
Related Main water shut-off, Electrical Safety Authority (ESA)
The Ontario organisation that oversees electrical safety, including electrical work rules and licensed contractors.
In simple words The Ontario group that keeps electrical work safe.
Example You check an electrician's licence number with ESA.
Used in courses 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.5.4 2.9.3 2.12.4 2.20.3 2.20.4 2.24 2.24.2 2.24.4 8.3.4 8.6
Related TSSA, Building permit
How strongly an atom pulls shared electrons toward itself. Large differences give polar bonds.
In simple words How strongly an atom pulls shared electrons.
Example Oxygen pulls electrons more than hydrogen, so water is polar.
Used in courses 15.4.2
Related Covalent bond
A substance made of only one kind of atom, such as oxygen or iron. The periodic table organizes the elements.
In simple words A pure substance made of just one kind of atom.
Example Gold is an element.
Used in courses 1.6.4 3.8.2 3.8.3 3.11 3.13 4.5.3 7.6.2 7.7 7.7.2 7.7.4 9.8.4 10.7.4
Related Atom
A tool that stores your email list, sends campaigns, handles unsubscribes and shows you results.
In simple words The service that sends your emails to your list.
Example You use an email tool to send a monthly newsletter.
Used in courses 1.3.3 2.6.3 2.7 3.1 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.2 3.5 3.5.2 3.5.3 3.11 6.5.3
Related CASL
A written plan for what to do, who to call and where to go if someone is seriously hurt or ill.
In simple words A plan for what to do in an emergency.
Example The plan lists the address, the phone and who calls 911.
Used in courses 2.1.4 2.9.3 2.9.4 2.17.4 2.18.2 2.18.3 2.26.3 3.11.4 9.4.4 10.2.4 10.3 10.3.1
Related Concussion, Heat exhaustion
Money set aside in an easy-to-reach account to cover surprise costs or a gap in income. It is meant for real emergencies, not everyday spending.
In simple words A pot of money you keep for surprises so you do not have to borrow.
Example After her car needs a repair, Maya pays from her emergency fund instead of using a credit card.
Scrambling data so only someone with the right key can read it.
In simple words Turning information into a secret code.
Example A locked laptop drive is encrypted.
Used in courses 5.9.2 7.1.4 7.7.3 7.7.4 7.8.2 7.8.3 7.9 7.9.3 7.9.4 7.10.3 13.6.3 13.6.4
Related HTTPS, VPN (virtual private network)
LinkedIn feature where connections confirm that you have a skill.
In simple words A thumbs-up from others that you are good at a skill.
Example A coworker endorses 'scheduling'.
Used in courses 1.6 1.6.4 2.2 2.5.3 2.8 2.8.3 3.1 3.1.4 3.3.3 3.4 3.4.2 3.4.4
Related LinkedIn headline
People are more likely to keep going when they feel they have already made some progress.
In simple words We work harder when we feel we have already started.
Example A loyalty card that already has two stamps on it.
Used in courses 9.12.2
Related Streak, Milestones
The ability to make things happen or do work, measured in joules. Kinetic energy is energy of motion and potential energy is stored energy.
In simple words What lets things move, heat up or change.
Example A rolling ball has kinetic energy; a ball held up high has potential energy.
Used in courses 2.2.4 2.12.4 2.16.3 2.17.2 2.19.1 2.19.3 2.19.4 2.22.2 2.22.4 2.24.4 2.26.4 3.3.3
Related Work, Power, Conservation of energy
The share of people who interacted with a post, such as liking, commenting or sharing, out of those who saw it.
In simple words How many people did something after seeing your post.
Example 1,000 people see a post and 50 like or comment, so engagement is 5 percent.
Used in courses 2.10 3.7 3.7.2 3.7.3 3.7.4 3.9.3 3.9.4 3.12 8.3.2
Related Vanity metrics
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions such as digestion. Pepsin and amylase are examples.
In simple words Helpers that break food down quickly.
Example Saliva has an enzyme that begins breaking down starch.
Used in courses 15.5.2
Related Cell
A wide shot at the start of a scene that shows where the action takes place.
In simple words A wide picture that shows where we are.
Example A shot of the whole cafe from the door before moving in on the barista.
Used in courses 1.7 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.5 4.5.2 4.5.3 4.5.4 4.6 11.5
Related Shot sizes, B-roll
Tax you pay in instalments during the year based on expected income, instead of one lump sum at the end, common for self-employed people.
In simple words Paying your tax a bit at a time through the year.
Example A freelancer sets aside part of each payment and pays the government every quarter.
Used in courses 2.2.4 2.11.2 2.11.3 2.13 2.13.2 2.13.3 2.15 2.15.2 2.15.3 2.16 2.22.2 2.29
Related Income tax, Cash flow
Exchange-traded fund, a basket of investments that trades on a stock exchange like a single share.
In simple words A basket of investments you can buy like one share.
Example One ETF share can hold small pieces of hundreds of companies.
Used in courses 5.3 5.3.2 5.4 5.4.2
Related Mutual fund, Index fund
A repeatable test of how well a prompt or AI workflow performs, using the same cases each time so you can compare results.
In simple words A quiz you give the AI to see how well it does.
Example Running 20 sample customer emails through your prompt and scoring each reply.
Used in courses 1.1.4 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.3.3 1.4.4 1.11.4 2.2.4 2.12.4 2.18.3 2.20.3 2.24.4 3.7.4
Related Rubric, Golden answer, Regression check
A record of your real successes and feedback that you can read when doubt appears.
In simple words A folder of proof that you can do things.
Example Saving a kind email from a customer.
Used in courses 2.3.4 5.7.3 5.7.4 9.13 9.13.2 9.13.3 15.5.3
Related Impostor feelings, Mastery experiences
The price of one currency in terms of another.
In simple words How much of one country's money you get for another's.
Example If 1 USD buys 1.35 CAD, the exchange rate is 1.35.
Used in courses 2.19.3 2.25 2.25.1 2.25.3 2.29.3 5.6.1 5.6.3 5.15
A sponsorship term where a sponsor is the only one in its category. Read any exclusivity clause carefully before agreeing.
In simple words Only one company of its kind is allowed.
Example A club agrees only one sports drink sponsor.
Used in courses 2.3.4 2.9.4 2.10 2.10.3 2.10.4 2.14 2.19.3 3.9.3 4.6.3 4.7.3 4.7.4 4.9.3
Related GST/HST
A short opening section of a report that states the main findings and recommendation so a busy reader gets the point at once.
In simple words A short summary at the top for people who are in a hurry.
Example A two-line summary says what was found and what to do next.
Related Front-loading
The average amount a set of rules has made or lost per trade, taking wins, losses and their sizes into account.
In simple words The average result of one bet over many bets.
Example If the average trade earns 0.2 R across many trades, expectancy is 0.2 R (made-up).
Used in courses 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.10.3 5.10.4 10.1
Related Win rate, Risk-to-reward (R:R)
How bright or dark a photo is, controlled by light, aperture, shutter speed and ISO.
In simple words How bright or dark a photo is.
Example A backlit photo can look too dark.
Used in courses 2.10.1 2.14 2.16.4 2.17.3 2.24.2 4.2.3 4.4 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.9.4 5.2.2
Related ISO, White balance
A phone camera feature that locks brightness and focus so they do not shift while you film. You usually press and hold on the screen.
In simple words A way to stop the camera from changing brightness or focus by itself.
Example You press and hold on your face until the lock shows, then film.
Used in courses 4.4 4.4.2 4.4.3 11.2
Related Three-point lighting, Rule of thirds
Doing something for an outside reward or to avoid a penalty, such as money, grades or praise.
In simple words Doing something to get a prize or avoid trouble.
Example Studying to earn a gift from your parents.
Used in courses 9.12
Gradual changes at the start or end of a clip or sound, where the picture or volume slowly appears or disappears.
In simple words Slowly bringing a picture or sound in or out.
Example Music fades out at the end of the video.
A Canadian copyright exception that allows limited use of protected work for purposes such as research, education, criticism or news reporting, if the use is fair. It is not a simple formula, and credit is not permission.
In simple words A small exception that lets you use bits of someone's work for certain fair reasons.
Example Quoting a short passage in a review, with credit, may qualify, but you should check.
Used in courses 1.7.4 2.26.3 2.27 2.27.1 2.27.4 4.3.3 4.7 4.7.2 4.10 5.11.4 8.3.3 8.7.3
Related Copyright strike, Creative Commons
An experiment where only one thing is changed at a time and everything else stays the same.
In simple words A test where only one thing is different.
Example Test paper towels by using the same water amount each time.
Used in courses 1.2.3 1.6.3 2.2 2.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.3.2 4.5 4.5.2 4.5.3 5.10.3 7.8.4
Related Hypothesis, Control group
A mistake in reasoning that makes an argument look stronger than it is.
In simple words A trick of logic that seems right but is not.
Example Saying 'everyone does it, so it must be right' is a fallacy.
Used in courses 6.2.3 9.3.2 9.3.3 9.5 9.5.2 9.5.3 9.10.2 9.10.3 12.3.3 13.13.2
Related Rebuttal
The price a farmer receives when produce leaves the farm. The shop price is higher because later steps add costs and profit.
In simple words What the farmer gets paid before anyone else adds their share.
Example A farmer sells tomatoes for a low price at the farm and a shop sells them for more in town.
Related Break-even point
A serve or shot that breaks a rule, such as a serve landing outside the correct box. In tennis, two faults in a row is a double fault.
In simple words A mistake that breaks a rule.
Example A serve that lands outside the service box is a fault.
Used in courses 1.6.4 2.2.3 2.22.3 2.23.4 2.24 2.24.3 5.1.3 5.7.4 8.1.3 9.7 9.7.2 9.9.3
Related Let, Service boxes
The kilos of feed given divided by the kilos of weight gained. A lower number means less feed is needed for each kilo of growth.
In simple words How much food it takes to grow one kilo of animal.
Example If fish eat 15 kg of feed and gain 10 kg, FCR is 1.5.
Used in courses 2.17 2.17.2 2.17.3 2.17.4 2.18 2.18.2 2.18.3 2.18.4 8.5.2
Related Stocking density, Dissolved oxygen
A loud squeal when a microphone picks up sound from a speaker and sends it around again. In teaching, feedback means helpful comments.
In simple words The loud squeal you hear when a mic hears its own speaker.
Example Moving the mic away from the speaker stops the squeal.
Used in courses 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.4.1 1.6.4 1.7.2 1.8.2 1.10 1.10.2 1.10.3 1.10.4 1.11.3 1.11.4
Related Monitors
Putting a few examples of the output you want inside your prompt so the AI copies the format, tone and structure. Also called multishot.
In simple words Showing the AI a few examples so it knows what you want.
Example You paste two captions you like and ask for three more in the same style.
Related Prompt, Prompt template
First Home Savings Account, a Canadian registered account for first-time home buyers to save toward a home purchase, with its own rules for contributions and withdrawals.
In simple words A Canadian account for saving to buy your first home.
Example A renter saves in an FHSA for a future down payment.
Used in courses 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.2.4 5.3 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.4 5.4 5.4.2 5.19
Related RRSP, TFSA, Down payment
Selling or using the oldest stock first so it does not expire or go bad.
In simple words Use the oldest one first.
Example A cafe puts new milk behind the old milk and uses the front carton first.
Used in courses 2.20 2.20.2 2.21.3
Related Inventory turnover
The letters after the dot in a file name, such as .docx or .pdf, which show what type of file it is.
In simple words The little ending on a file name that says what kind of file it is.
Example essay.docx is a Word file; essay.pdf is a PDF.
Used in courses 1.12 2.16 2.16.2 2.16.3 2.17 2.17.2 2.17.3 2.17.4 2.18 2.18.2 2.19.1 2.19.3
The full location of a file, listing the folders you pass through to reach it.
In simple words The address of a file on your computer.
Example Documents > School > Science > lab-report.docx
Used in courses 1.2.4 1.3.3 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.8.3 1.8.4 1.9 2.3.3
Related File extension, OneDrive
A short drum or instrument phrase that breaks the groove, often leading into a new section.
In simple words A quick burst of drumming that leads into the next part.
Example A drummer plays a fill on the last beat of a section.
Used in courses 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4 1.4.1
The small square at the corner of a selected cell that you drag to copy a formula or series into nearby cells.
In simple words The little square you drag to copy a cell down or across.
Example Drag it down to copy a formula through 20 rows.
Used in courses 13.2
Related Formula, Cell reference
Getting close to your subject so it takes up most of the picture and distractions disappear.
In simple words Moving closer so your subject is big in the picture.
Example A close-up of a flower.
Used in courses 11.2
Related Rule of thirds, Leading lines
Short sounds or words such as 'um' and 'like' used while thinking, which can distract listeners if overused.
In simple words Little words like 'um' we say while thinking.
Example Pausing silently is better than saying 'um' many times.
Used in courses 3.4.2 4.10 6.1.3 8.2.2 9.2 9.2.2 13.3 13.3.3 13.17 13.17.2 13.17.4
Related Intonation
A way to sort or filter a shared Google Sheet just for yourself, without changing what others see.
In simple words A private way to look at a shared spreadsheet.
Example You filter a class sheet to show only your group's rows.
Used in courses 7.2.3 7.2.4 13.7.2
Related Formula
Social media personalities who talk about money and investing, sometimes being paid to promote products. Their content is not personal advice.
In simple words People online who talk about money and sometimes get paid to promote things.
Example A video praising a product may be a paid promotion, so check for disclosure.
Used in courses 5.1.4 5.3.4 5.5 5.5.4 5.6 5.6.1 5.7 5.11 5.11.4
Related Phishing
A security tool that allows or blocks network traffic based on rules.
In simple words A guard that decides what can go in or out of a network.
Example A cloud firewall allows web traffic but blocks other ports.
Used in courses 4.9.4 7.8 7.8.4 7.9 7.9.2 7.9.3 7.10.3 7.11.4
Related Patch, VPN (virtual private network)
The share of your first serves that land in play, usually shown as a percentage.
In simple words How often your first serve goes in.
Example If 12 of 20 first serves go in, your percentage is 60.
Used in courses 10.1 10.1.2 10.1.3 10.1.4 10.8 10.8.2 10.8.3 10.9 10.9.2
Related Charting, Unforced error
A widely used animal-welfare guide: freedom from hunger and thirst, discomfort, pain or disease, fear and distress, and freedom to behave naturally.
In simple words Five rules for treating animals well.
Example A farmer checks that animals have water, shelter and room to move.
Used in courses 2.17 2.17.2 2.17.3 2.17.4
Related Biosecurity
Costs that stay about the same no matter how much you sell, such as rent, insurance or a monthly software fee.
In simple words Bills you pay every month even if you sell nothing.
Example Your market stall rent is $100 a week whether you sell 10 jars or 100.
Used in courses 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.3 2.3.2 2.4 2.4.2 2.9 2.13 2.13.3 2.16 2.16.3 2.16.4
Related Variable costs, Break-even point
An interest rate that stays the same for the whole term, so the interest part of your payment does not change.
In simple words An interest rate that stays the same.
Example A 5-year fixed rate stays the same until the term ends.
Used in courses 2.25.3 5.1.3 5.2.3 15.7.4
Related Variable rate, Term
The rubber seal inside a toilet tank that lets water flow into the bowl. A worn flapper can cause a running toilet.
In simple words A rubber part in the toilet tank.
Example A running toilet can mean a worn flapper.
Related Main water shut-off, Plunger
How strong a flash fires. Lower power gives less light and quicker recharge.
In simple words How bright the flash is.
Example You lower flash power to avoid a harsh look.
Used in courses 11.2.3
An export setting that merges layers into one so the file prints and displays consistently.
In simple words Squashing layers into one so the file stays the same.
Example Exporting a print poster as a flattened PDF.
Used in courses 11.1.2
Related PNG, Print bleed
The small computer on a drone that reads sensors and adjusts the motors to keep it stable and respond to the pilot.
In simple words The drone's brain that keeps it steady.
Example The flight controller speeds up one motor to level a tilting drone.
Used in courses 15.10
Related Lift
The amount of time a task can be delayed without delaying the project. Tasks on the critical path have zero float.
In simple words Spare time a task has before it causes a delay.
Example A task with 2 days of float can slip 2 days safely.
Used in courses 1.6.2 2.13.4 2.20.3 2.21 2.24.4 5.1.4 5.6.1 7.4.4 7.5 7.5.2 7.5.3 7.5.4
Related Critical path
The distance from a lens or mirror to the point where it focuses light. Magnification equals the telescope's focal length divided by the eyepiece's focal length.
In simple words How far the lens is from where the picture comes into focus.
Example A longer eyepiece focal length gives lower magnification.
Used in courses 4.4.3 11.5 15.2.2
Related Magnification, Aperture
In Tagalog, the part of the sentence the verb form highlights, often marked by 'ang'. Beginner lessons start with simple actor-focused verbs.
In simple words Which part of the sentence the speaker is pointing at.
Example 'Kumain ako ng kanin' (I ate rice) puts the focus on the person eating.
Used in courses 1.1.2 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.7.3 1.10.3 2.3.3 2.5.2 2.10.3 2.12.4 2.13.3 2.14 2.14.2
An Outlook view that splits email into a Focused tab for likely important messages and an Other tab for the rest.
In simple words A way to separate your important emails from the rest.
Example Newsletters land in Other while messages from your teacher stay in Focused.
Used in courses 1.4.4 1.10.2 2.2.3 2.7 2.29.3 2.31.2 3.8.2 3.10.4 3.13.4 4.9.3 5.4.2 5.15
Related Outlook rule
A model saying a behaviour happens when motivation, ability and a prompt come together at the same moment.
In simple words You do a thing when you want to, can do it, and get a nudge.
Example You are motivated to floss, it is quick, and the floss is on your sink.
The gap you leave between your car and the one ahead, often measured by seconds, so you have time to react.
In simple words The space you keep behind the car in front.
Example A driver counts to pass a landmark after the car ahead does.
Used in courses 12.5 12.5.2 12.5.3
Related Distracted driving, Right of way
Fear of missing out; the urge to join something because you worry others are gaining while you wait.
In simple words The worry that you will miss something good if you do not join.
Example Seeing others post about a trade can create pressure to jump in.
Used in courses 5.5 5.9 5.11.2 5.11.3 5.12 9.14.2
Related Revenge trading
Choosing two fonts that look good together, usually one for headings and one for body text.
In simple words Picking two fonts that go well together.
Example A bold heading font with a simple body font.
Used in courses 11.1.2
Related Brand kit, Visual hierarchy
The cost of ingredients for a dish as a share of the price you sell it for. It helps you price a menu.
In simple words How much of the menu price goes to ingredients.
Example A $10 plate with $3 of ingredients has a food cost of 30 percent.
Used in courses 2.21 2.21.3 2.21.4 12.1.4 12.2.4
Related Gross profit, Markup
A short course on safe food handling that many Ontario food businesses must have at least one trained person to complete.
In simple words A class that teaches how to handle food safely.
Example Completing an approved certificate before opening a food stall.
Used in courses 2.21 2.21.3 12.4
Related Low-risk food, Public health unit
Health Canada's basic food safety habits: clean, separate, cook and chill.
In simple words Four easy habits to keep food safe: clean, separate, cook, chill.
Example Wash your hands, keep raw meat apart, cook it through, and refrigerate leftovers.
Used in courses 12.2.2
A push or pull on an object, measured in newtons (N). It can change an object's speed, direction or shape.
In simple words A push or a pull.
Example Kicking a ball applies a force to it.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2.2 1.3.4 1.4.4 1.5 1.5.4 1.6 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.6.4
Related Newton's second law, Friction, Weight
A mistake caused by a strong shot from your opponent that made the ball hard to return.
In simple words A miss because the other player hit a really tough shot.
Example A fast, wide serve makes you hit the return out.
Used in courses 10.1.3 10.1.4 10.2.3 10.8 10.8.2 10.8.4
Related Unforced error, Winner
A column that holds the primary key of another table, linking the two tables.
In simple words A column that points to a row in another table.
Example An order row holds the customer ID of the customer who placed it.
Used in courses 7.4 7.4.4 7.7.3
Related Primary key, JOIN
The foreign exchange market, where currencies are traded in pairs. It is open most of the day and very large.
In simple words The market where money from different countries is swapped.
Example Swapping Canadian dollars for US dollars happens in the forex market.
Used in courses 5.6 5.6.1 5.6.3 5.6.4 5.10 5.10.2 5.11 5.12 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22
The pattern that memory fades quickly at first and then more slowly unless it is reviewed.
In simple words We forget fast at first unless we review.
Example You remember little of a lesson a week later if you never look at it again.
Used in courses 9.6 9.6.2 9.6.3
Related Spaced practice, Retrieval practice
Some languages have a polite and a friendly word for 'you', such as tú and usted in Spanish or tu and vous in French.
In simple words Different ways to say 'you' for friends and for people you must respect.
Example A shop worker uses 'usted' with a stranger and 'tú' with a friend.
The positions the two players take in doubles, such as one up and one back, both up, or both back.
In simple words Where doubles partners stand on the court.
Example Both players stand near the net.
Used in courses 10.1.2 10.1.3 10.1.4
Related Stacking, Middle ball
An instruction in a spreadsheet cell that calculates a value, starting with an equals sign.
In simple words A math instruction you type into a spreadsheet box.
Example =A1+B1 adds the numbers in cells A1 and B1.
Used in courses 1.1.2 1.3 1.3.3 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.3.2 2.4 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.5.2 2.6.3
Related Cell reference, Fill handle
Four patterns that research on couples links with relationship trouble: criticism, contempt, defensiveness and stonewalling.
In simple words Four unhelpful ways of arguing.
Example Rolling your eyes at someone is a sign of contempt.
Related Active listening, Assertiveness
An intersection with a stop sign in every direction. Drivers go in the order they arrived, and yield to the right if arriving together.
In simple words An intersection where everyone must stop.
Example The first car to stop is first to go.
Used in courses 1.1.4 1.4.4 5.21 9.1.3 12.5 12.5.2
Related Right of way, Yield
How many pictures per second a video records. Common choices change how motion looks.
In simple words How many pictures per second a video uses.
Example A higher frame rate makes slow motion smoother.
Used in courses 1.7.2 1.7.3 1.7.4 4.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.4 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.8 4.9
Related Shutter speed, B-roll
How many pictures (frames) are recorded each second. Mixing different frame rates in one edit can cause problems.
In simple words How many pictures per second make up the video.
Example Filming everything at the same frames per second so clips blend smoothly.
Used in courses 1.7.2 1.7.3 1.7.4 4.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.4 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.8 4.9
Related Resolution, Aspect ratio
Making different choices depending on how the same facts are worded.
In simple words The same facts feel different depending on how they are said.
Example 90 percent survive sounds better than 10 percent do not.
Used in courses 9.3.2
Related Anchoring, Base rate neglect
An arrangement where a business pays to use another company's brand and system and follows its rules. There are fees and legal documents to read carefully.
In simple words Paying to run a shop under a famous name with their rules.
Example A person buys the right to open a local branch of a known chain.
Used in courses 2.20.4 2.21.4 2.22 2.23.4 2.27 2.27.1 2.27.3 2.27.4 2.29 3.7.3 3.7.4
Related Break-even point
Motion where gravity is the only force acting on an object. Near Earth's surface, falling objects speed up at about 9.8 metres per second every second if air resistance is ignored.
In simple words Falling with only gravity pulling on you.
Example A dropped ball in a vacuum speeds up steadily as it falls.
Used in courses 15.3.2 15.3.3 15.3.4
Related Acceleration, Air resistance
A deal between countries that lowers or removes duties on certain goods, usually if you can prove where the goods were made.
In simple words A deal that makes some goods cheaper to bring across a border.
Example A product made in a partner country may qualify for lower duty with proof of origin.
Used in courses 2.25
Related Landed cost, Customs broker
A sketch of one object with arrows showing every force acting on it. It helps find the net force.
In simple words A drawing with arrows showing every push and pull on one object.
Example For a book on a table, one arrow shows weight down and another shows the table pushing up.
Related Force, Newton's second law
The tendency to feel more ready to begin a new goal at the start of a new period, like a week, month or year.
In simple words Feeling ready to try again at a new beginning.
Example Starting a study plan on the first day of the month.
Used in courses 9.10.2
Related Self-compassion, Milestones
The part of a guitar neck where you press strings against metal strips called frets to change notes.
In simple words The long front part of the guitar where you press the strings.
Example Moving your finger up the fretboard toward the body makes the note higher.
Related Standard tuning, Tab
A force between two touching surfaces that resists sliding. Static friction holds things still; kinetic friction acts on things that are sliding.
In simple words The rubbing force that slows things that slide.
Example A sled slows on grass because of friction.
Used in courses 2.12.3 9.1 9.4.3 9.7.2 9.7.3 9.12 9.12.2 9.12.3 9.12.4 13.17.3 15.3 15.3.2
Related Force, Air resistance, Normal force
Putting the most important information at the start of a message or sentence.
In simple words Saying the important part first.
Example Start an email with the request, then the details.
Used in courses 6.1.3
Related Signposting
The pivot point, usually between thumb and first finger, where a drumstick is held and balanced.
In simple words The spot where you pinch the stick so it can bounce.
Example The stick bounces back off the drum because the fulcrum is loose.
Used in courses 14.7
Related Matched grip
A named block of code that does one job and can be used many times. It can take inputs called parameters and give back a result.
In simple words A small program with a name that you can use again.
Example A function called add takes two numbers and returns their sum.
Used in courses 1.1.4 1.4 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.3 1.7 1.8 1.8.3 2.6.4 2.18.4
The steps people take from first hearing about you to taking the final action. In an open funnel people can join at any step; in a closed funnel they must start at the first.
In simple words The path from stranger to customer, like a slide that gets narrower.
Example See ad, visit page, add to cart, pay.
Used in courses 3.1 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.5.2 3.7.3 3.8.4 3.12 3.13 3.13.3 3.13.4
Related Conversion rate, Landing page
The first level of Ontario's graduated driver licence. Holders must drive with a fully licensed adult and follow limits.
In simple words The first step for a new driver in Ontario.
Example A new driver practises with a licensed adult in the car.
Used in courses 1.11 2.22 2.22.2 7.1 7.2.2 12.5 12.5.2 12.5.4 13.2.2
Related G2 licence, Graduated licensing
The second level of graduated licensing in Ontario, after the G1 and a road test, with limits that include passenger and zero-alcohol rules.
In simple words The middle step for a new driver in Ontario.
Example A G2 driver cannot have any alcohol in their body.
Used in courses 2.22 2.22.2 2.31 7.1.2 7.2 7.2.2 11.4.3 12.5 12.5.2 12.5.3 12.5.4 13.2.2
Related G1 licence, Graduated licensing
A bar chart that shows tasks over time, with their start, end and links between them.
In simple words A chart of bars that shows when each task happens.
Example Bars for 'book venue' and 'send invites' on a calendar.
Used in courses 1.10.3 8.4 8.4.2 8.4.3 8.6.3 9.5.3 13.5.3 13.13.3
Related Milestone, Dependency
A jump in price where the market moves from one level to another without trading in between, often after news or overnight.
In simple words When a price jumps instead of moving smoothly.
Example A price closes at 20 and opens the next morning at 22.
Used in courses 1.1.3 1.4.4 1.8.3 2.1.4 2.2.4 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.4.4 2.5.2 2.5.4 2.10.4 2.12.4
Related Slippage, Economic calendar
The category, such as masculine or feminine, that some languages give every noun. It affects articles and adjectives.
In simple words Some languages make every noun 'he' or 'she' type words.
Example In Spanish, 'el libro' is masculine and 'la mesa' is feminine.
Used in courses 2.10 2.23.4 4.3.4 5.11.3 6.4.2 9.7.3 9.9.3 9.13.3 10.1.3 10.3.1 10.5.3 10.7.3
Very quiet notes played between louder ones to add texture to a groove.
In simple words Super soft notes that add flavour to a beat.
Example A drummer taps the snare softly between the main hits.
Used in courses 14.8
When two goals compete for the same time or energy, so progress on one makes the other harder.
In simple words When two goals fight over the same time.
Example Wanting to study late and wanting to sleep eight hours.
Used in courses 9.10.2
Related Self-concordant goals, Milestones
The correct answer you decide on in advance for a test case. If several answers could be right, you write what must be present and what must be absent.
In simple words The answer key you write before testing.
Example For "What is our return window?", the golden answer is the exact sentence from your policy.
Used in courses 1.2.3
Related Eval (evaluation), Rubric
The time shortly after sunrise or before sunset when light is soft and warm, good for photos.
In simple words The soft, golden light near sunrise and sunset.
Example People photos in the early evening look warm and soft.
Used in courses 11.2
Related Quality of light, Backlight
Google's website and app analytics tool that tracks visits, key events and where visitors come from. It replaced the older Universal Analytics.
In simple words A free tool that shows what visitors do on your website.
Example You open GA4 to see how many people clicked Book now.
Used in courses 2.6.3 3.1.3 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.7.3 3.9.3 3.12 3.13.3 7.6.2
Related Attribution, UTM parameters
A free listing that shows your business on Google search and maps, so local people can find and contact you.
In simple words A free page that shows your business on Google.
Example A tennis coach adds hours and a phone number.
Used in courses 2.26.3 3.7 3.7.2 3.7.3 3.7.4 3.10 7.6 7.6.2 10.3
Related Business name (Ontario)
A Google tool for collecting answers through a web form, saved into a connected sheet.
In simple words An online form whose answers go into a spreadsheet.
Example A bakery pre-order form that fills a sheet with orders.
Used in courses 1.2.2 1.3 1.3.3 1.4.4 1.6 1.7.3 1.7.4 1.8 1.8.2 1.8.4 1.9 1.10.4
Related Apps Script, Data validation
A very short extra note played right before a main note as decoration.
In simple words A quick little note before the main note.
Example A drummer flicks a quick tap before the snare hit.
Related Drum rudiments, Note value
Facing something that makes you anxious in small steps, starting with an easy one and moving up when ready.
In simple words Trying a scary thing in baby steps.
Example Speaking to one friend, then a small group, then a class.
Used in courses 9.13.2
A step-by-step licence system where new drivers get more freedom as they gain experience.
In simple words A system where new drivers get more freedom over time.
Example Going from G1 to G2 to full G.
Used in courses 2.22 2.22.2 12.5
Related G1 licence, G2 licence
A treble staff and a bass staff joined together, used for piano music.
In simple words Two staffs joined so a piano can play high and low notes.
Example Middle C sits between the two staffs.
Related Treble clef, Bass clef, Middle C
The warming that happens when gases like carbon dioxide trap heat in Earth's atmosphere.
In simple words Gases in the air that hold in heat like a blanket.
Example More carbon dioxide traps more heat.
Used in courses 15.6 15.6.3 15.6.4
Related Weather and climate
An invisible set of columns and rows that helps you place elements consistently.
In simple words A hidden set of guide lines to place things.
Example Photos snap into a three-column grid.
Used in courses 1.7 2.3 2.9.3 2.10.4 2.23.3 2.31 2.31.4 3.1.3 3.2 3.4.4 3.10.2 4.4
The ways you hold the racquet, which change how you hit the ball.
In simple words How you hold the racquet.
Example A beginner learns one basic forehand grip.
A repeating rhythmic pattern, especially the drum and bass pattern that gives a song its feel.
In simple words The repeating rhythm that makes you want to move.
Example A drummer plays the same groove through a verse.
Used in courses 10.9.3 11.4 11.4.2 11.4.3 11.4.4 14.3 14.7.4 14.8 14.9
The total amount you earn before anything is taken out. Take-home pay, or net pay, is what remains after deductions.
In simple words All the money you earn before anything is taken out.
Example If you earn 200 dollars and 20 is deducted, 200 is gross and 180 is net.
Used in courses 2.1.2 5.8.3 6.1 13.14
Related Percent change
Sales minus the direct cost of what you sold. It does not yet include rent, wages or other overhead.
In simple words What you earn from selling things before paying the other bills.
Example You sell $1,000 of goods that cost you $600 to buy, so gross profit is $400.
Used in courses 2.1.4 2.3.2 2.3.4 2.13 2.13.2 2.13.3 2.16.4 2.20 2.20.2 2.20.3 2.20.4 2.25
Related Net profit, Cost of goods sold (COGS), Markup
The SQL clause that groups rows with the same value so you can total or count each group.
In simple words The part of a query that makes groups so you can count each one.
Example Group by month to get total sales for each month.
Used in courses 3.8.4 7.2 7.2.2 7.3.3 7.3.4 7.4 7.4.2 7.4.3 7.4.4 7.9.2 10.8.3 13.2.3
The material that fills the gaps between tiles to hold them in place and keep out water.
In simple words The filler between tiles.
Example Grout lines between kitchen tiles.
Used in courses 12.3.2
Related Caulk
The belief that abilities can improve with effort, good strategies and help. It is contrasted with a fixed mindset, the belief that ability is set.
In simple words Believing you can get better with practice.
Example I cannot do this yet, so I will try a new way.
Used in courses 9.6.4 9.9 9.9.2 9.9.3 9.9.4 9.10.2 9.13.4
Related Process praise, Deliberate practice
A federal sales tax in Canada, with a harmonised version in some provinces. Whether a small business must register depends on its revenue; check the official page for current rules.
In simple words A sales tax some businesses must collect.
Example A business may add GST/HST to its prices once it is registered.
Used in courses 1.3 2.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.2.2 2.2.4 2.3 2.3.2 2.4 2.4.3 2.6
Related Business name (Ontario)
A written permission from a guest allowing you to record and publish their voice or image. Rules about recording consent differ by place, so check the local law.
In simple words A signed note saying a guest agrees to be recorded and published.
Example A guest signs a one-page release before the interview.
Used in courses 4.6 4.6.2 4.6.4
Related Double-ender
Attaching a new small habit to one you already do every day, so the old habit acts as the reminder.
In simple words Doing a new little thing right after something you already always do.
Example After I brush my teeth, I will do two push-ups.
Used in courses 9.1.2
Related Cue, Minimum version
The smallest distance between two notes on a piano, from one key to the very next key. Two of them make a whole step.
In simple words The smallest step between two notes.
Example From E to F.
Used in courses 11.4 14.2 14.3 14.4.4 14.5 14.6 14.11
Related Major scale, Octave
When an AI states something wrong or invented while sounding confident. This is why facts, numbers and quotes need checking.
In simple words When the AI makes something up but says it like it is true.
Example An AI gives a book title and author that do not exist, so you search for it in a library catalogue before using it.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.2 1.2.3 1.10.2 1.11.4
Related Verify with quotes, Lateral reading, Human in the loop
Guitar techniques that sound a note by tapping a finger onto a fret (hammer-on) or pulling it off the string (pull-off), without picking again.
In simple words Making guitar notes by tapping or flicking your finger, not picking.
Example Hammer on from the 5th to the 7th fret to hear a second note.
Used in courses 14.3
Related Fretboard, Pentatonic scale
Giving a runbook to someone who has not seen the workflow and watching silently. Each question they ask shows a gap in the page.
In simple words Letting a new person try your instructions to see what is missing.
Example A colleague follows your runbook and asks where the password is kept, so you add that step.
Used in courses 1.1.3
Related Runbook
A worldwide numbered list used to classify products for customs, which decides things like duty and import rules.
In simple words A number that tells customs what kind of product it is.
Example Importers look up the HS code for cotton shirts before ordering.
Used in courses 2.25 2.25.1 2.25.3 2.25.4 2.29.3
Related Landed cost, Importer of record
Notes sounding at the same time, such as a second singer singing a third above the melody.
In simple words Two or more notes sounding nicely together.
Example One singer sings the tune while another sings a note a third higher.
Used in courses 2.14.3 11.3.2 11.4.3 14.6 14.10.4 14.11 14.12
Pictures on labels that warn about dangers such as poison, flammable, corrosive or explosive.
In simple words Warning pictures on bottles.
Example A flame symbol means the contents can catch fire.
Related Chemical reaction
The blend of instruments and voices that a performer hears in their headphones while recording.
In simple words The mix of sounds you hear in your headphones.
Example A singer asks for more of their own voice in their mix.
Used in courses 11.4.3 14.7.4 14.10.4
Related Monitors, Click track
A card showing you are covered by a province's public health insurance. Rules, such as waiting periods, differ by province.
In simple words A card that shows you can use public health care.
Example You show it at a doctor's visit.
Related SIN (Social Insurance Number)
Earplugs or other gear that reduce loud sound to prevent hearing damage.
In simple words Earplugs to keep your ears safe from loud sound.
Example Wearing earplugs at band practice.
Used in courses 1.6 1.6.2 1.7.4 2.9 2.10 2.10.1 2.12.3 3.2 3.3 3.3.2 4.2.4 4.6.3
Related Set list
An illness from overheating, with symptoms like heavy sweating, dizziness and weakness. It needs cooling, rest and fluids, and medical help if it is serious.
In simple words Feeling sick from being too hot.
Example A player on a hot day feels faint and rests in the shade.
Used in courses 10.3.1 10.4.2 10.4.3 10.7.2
Related Emergency action plan, Concussion
Using words like 'might', 'seems' or 'I think' to make a statement less certain or less direct.
In simple words Using soft words so you do not sound too sure or too bossy.
Example 'This might be a good option' is more hedged than 'This is the best option'.
Used in courses 2.16.4 5.6.3 5.6.4 6.1.3 6.1.4 6.2.3 13.13.3
Test cases kept aside and not used while you were improving the prompt, so they give an honest score.
In simple words Quiz questions you kept hidden so the AI cannot just memorise them.
Example You tune on 15 samples and test on 5 you never looked at.
Related Eval (evaluation), Regression check
Mental shortcuts that help us decide quickly but can sometimes lead to errors.
In simple words Quick rules of thumb in our head.
Example Judging a book by its cover.
Related Confirmation bias, Anchoring
Foods with enough acid, like most fruits and pickles, that can be safely canned in a boiling water canner. Low-acid foods need a pressure canner.
In simple words Sour foods that are safe to can in boiling water.
Example Pickles with vinegar.
Used in courses 12.2.2
Related Boiling water canner, Pressure canner
An unintentional interference with play, such as a ball from another court rolling in. The point is usually replayed.
In simple words Something gets in the way and you replay the point.
Example A ball from the next court rolls across your court.
Used in courses 3.1.3 9.13.3 10.2.2 10.2.3
Related Let, Line calls
One of the Japanese writing sets, made of simple characters that each stand for a sound. It is used for grammar words and native words.
In simple words A set of simple Japanese sound characters.
Example The word 'ありがとう' is written in hiragana.
A graph that shows how dark and bright tones are spread in a photo, helping check exposure.
In simple words A little chart that shows how bright a photo is.
Example A graph pushed to the left means the photo is dark.
Used in courses 4.2.3 4.4.3 5.10.2 5.18 7.3.2 11.2.3 15.9.3
Related Exposure
The habit of sometimes leaving a winning version alone instead of changing it, and keeping some audience aside as a fair comparison.
In simple words Sometimes the best move is not to touch what is working.
Example One ad keeps getting good results, so you stop tweaking it.
Used in courses 3.2.3
Related A/B test
The body's way of keeping conditions such as temperature steady, usually through negative feedback.
In simple words The body keeping things just right.
Example Sweating cools you when you get too hot.
Related Hormones
Straightening the edge of a knife with a honing steel so it cuts well. It is not the same as sharpening.
In simple words Straightening a knife edge to keep it working well.
Example Running a knife along a honing steel.
Used in courses 12.1.2
Related Claw grip
A word or ending that shows respect for the person you are speaking to or about.
In simple words A word that shows respect.
Example Tagalog 'po' and Japanese '-san' are honorifics.
Used in courses 6.6.3
A short, catchy part of a song, in the melody, lyrics or rhythm, that people remember.
In simple words The catchy part you can't stop humming.
Example A short chorus line everyone sings.
Used in courses 1.4.4 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.6 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.6.4 2.8 2.8.3 2.8.4 3.2 3.2.3
Related Song structure, Melody
Chemical messengers released into the blood that affect target cells. Insulin and glucagon help control blood sugar.
In simple words Chemical messages your body sends through your blood.
Example Insulin helps move sugar out of the blood into cells.
Used in courses 9.13 10.9.3 15.5.2
Related Homeostasis
Keeping cooked food hot enough to stop bacteria growing until it is served.
In simple words Keeping hot food hot until served.
Example Food on a buffet kept hot.
Used in courses 2.21.3 12.2 12.2.4 12.4
Related Temperature danger zone, Cool fast
HyperText Markup Language, the code that gives a web page its structure using tags such as headings and links.
In simple words The code that builds the parts of a web page.
Example <h1> marks a main heading.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.2 1.1.4 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.5.1 1.5.3 1.6 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.6.4
Related CSS, JavaScript
The secure version of the web's HTTP, which encrypts data between your browser and the site.
In simple words The padlock kind of web address that keeps data private.
Example A site with a padlock uses HTTPS.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4
Related Domain name, Encryption
Keeping a person in charge of important steps. Anything that sends, pays, deletes or publishes goes to a draft or approval step first.
In simple words A person checks the AI's work before it goes out.
Example The automation saves a draft reply and waits for you to press send.
Used in courses 1.2.4 1.3.3 1.9
Related Review gate, Stopping conditions, Workflow
A testable prediction about what will happen and why, often written as if... then... because.
In simple words An educated guess you can test.
Example If I add more sugar, then the cube will dissolve faster because there is more to dissolve.
Used in courses 1.6.3 2.3.3 2.14.3 3.1.3 3.2.3 3.4.3 3.5.3 4.5.2 4.5.3 4.5.4 4.6.3 5.10.3
Related Independent variable (science), Fair test
Three cloud service models: infrastructure (rented machines), platform (rented tools to build apps) and software (ready-made apps). The further along, the less you manage.
In simple words Three ways of renting cloud services from raw computers up to finished apps.
Example Email you log into is SaaS.
Identity and Access Management, the system for deciding who can do what in a cloud account.
In simple words The rules about who may do what.
Example A user can read files but not delete them.
Used in courses 7.8.4 7.9 7.9.2 7.9.3 7.9.4
Related Shared responsibility model
A fixed phrase whose meaning is different from the meaning of its words, such as 'bite the bullet'.
In simple words A saying that means something different from its words.
Example 'Bite the bullet' means to face something hard bravely.
Used in courses 6.1.4 6.2.3 6.3.3 6.3.4 8.6.2 9.2.3
Related Collocation, Register
International English Language Testing System, an English test with listening, reading, writing and speaking scored in bands.
In simple words An English test with four parts: listening, reading, writing and speaking.
Example Each part gets a band from 0 to 9.
Used in courses 6.2.3 6.2.4 6.7 8.5.3 13.16.4
Related CELPIP, CLB (Canadian Language Benchmarks)
A very common jazz chord progression that moves from the second chord to the fifth to the home chord of a key.
In simple words A popular three-chord jazz pattern that leads home.
Example In C: Dm7, then G7, then Cmaj7.
Used in courses 14.2 14.4.4 14.6
Related Seventh chord, Chord progression, Shell voicing
A past tense for ongoing, repeated or background actions, such as 'llovía' (it was raining) or 'de niño jugaba'.
In simple words A past tense for things that used to happen or were going on.
Example 'Siempre comía en casa' means I always used to eat at home.
Used in courses 2.2.3 3.13.3 6.4.2 6.4.3 6.4.4 13.10.3
Related Preterite (pretérito), Passé composé
A plan that links a specific situation to a specific action, written as an if-then sentence. Research suggests it helps people start a behaviour they already want to do.
In simple words A plan that says: when this happens, I will do that.
Example If it is 7 a.m. and I pour my coffee, then I will write for five minutes.
Used in courses 2.2.2 5.11.3 5.17 9.1 9.1.2 9.5.2 9.5.4 9.10 9.10.2 9.10.4 9.12 9.13.3
Related Habit stacking, Cue, WOOP
The person or business named as the importer on the customs paperwork and responsible for duties, taxes and rules.
In simple words The name on the paperwork who is responsible for bringing goods in.
Example A small business with a business number acts as importer of record for its first order.
Related Customs broker, Landed cost
Feeling that you are a fraud or do not deserve your success, even when you have evidence of ability.
In simple words Feeling like you are faking it even though you earned your place.
Example A new manager worrying others will discover she does not belong.
Used in courses 9.13 9.13.2 9.13.4
Related Evidence file, Self-talk
The number of times your thumbnail was shown to viewers, whether or not they clicked.
In simple words How many times people saw your video's picture.
Example Your thumbnail appears 2,000 times and 100 people click.
Used in courses 2.6.3 2.10.3 2.10.4 2.20.4 3.1 3.2.3 3.8 3.8.2 3.8.4 3.9.3 3.9.4 4.3
Making up music in the moment, often over a chord progression.
In simple words Making up music as you play it.
Example Playing a solo over a 12-bar blues without having written it first.
Used in courses 14.6
Related Motif, Pentatonic scale
In-sample data is what you used to build a rule; out-of-sample data is fresh data kept aside to test it honestly.
In simple words Practice data versus fresh data used to check if the plan really works.
Example Build on 2020 to 2022 data, then test on 2023 data you did not look at.
Used in courses 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.10.2 5.10.3 5.10.4
Related Backtest, Overfitting
Tagalog has two words for 'we': 'tayo' includes the listener, 'kami' leaves the listener out.
In simple words One 'we' includes you and another 'we' does not.
Example 'Kain tayo' invites the listener; 'Kumain kami' says we ate without them.
Related Pronoun
A tax on the money a person or business earns. Rates and rules change, so use the official government page for current details.
In simple words A share of what you earn that goes to the government.
Example A self-employed person reports business profit and pays tax on it when they file.
Used in courses 2.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.3.2 2.6.4 2.8 2.8.3 2.9
Related Estimated tax, Net profit
Standard international trade terms that say who pays for and carries the risk of shipping at each stage between seller and buyer.
In simple words Shipping rules that say who pays for what on the way to the buyer.
Example A contract says the seller pays to load the goods and the buyer pays the sea freight.
Used in courses 2.19.3 2.25 2.25.1 2.25.3 2.25.4 2.29.3
Related Landed cost
The thing you deliberately change in an experiment or put on the x-axis. The dependent variable is what you measure in response.
In simple words The thing you change to see what happens.
Example You change study time and measure test score.
Used in courses 13.2.2 15.9 15.9.2 15.9.3
Related Trendline
The one thing you change on purpose in an experiment. The dependent variable is what you measure, and controlled variables are the things you keep the same.
In simple words What you change; what you measure; what you keep the same.
Example You change water temperature, measure dissolve time and keep the amount of sugar the same.
Used in courses 13.2.2 15.9 15.9.2 15.9.3
Related Fair test, Control group
A fund that aims to match a market index, such as a list of large companies, instead of trying to beat it.
In simple words A fund that copies a list of companies instead of picking winners.
Example A fund that holds the same companies as a popular market index is an index fund.
Used in courses 5.4
Related ETF, Mutual fund
The basic, unchanged form of a verb, as listed in a dictionary, such as 'to eat' or 'comer'.
In simple words The plain form of a verb before it is changed.
Example 'Hablar' is the infinitive; 'hablo' is a conjugated form.
Used in courses 6.4.2 6.4.3 6.5.2 6.5.3
Related Conjugation, Tense
A general rise in prices over time, so the same amount of money buys less. It is often tracked with the Consumer Price Index.
In simple words When things slowly cost more as time goes by.
Example If a snack cost 2 dollars last year and 2.10 now, prices have risen.
Used in courses 2.4.4 2.16 2.28 2.31.4 5.1.2 5.2.3 5.3.3 5.6 5.6.1 5.6.3 5.12 5.13
Related Percent change, Simple interest
Paying or partnering with creators so their audience hears about your product from someone they trust.
In simple words Getting a creator people trust to tell their followers about you.
Example A cafe gives a local food creator a free meal for an honest video.
Used in courses 1.1 1.3.4 1.6 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.6.4 2.2 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.5.3 2.6.3
Related Material connection, Brand voice
A short chat where you ask someone about their work and path to learn, not to ask for a job.
In simple words A short talk where you ask about someone's job to learn.
Example A 15-minute call asking how someone got started.
Related Networking
Permission given after someone understands what is being asked, such as a parent allowing filming of a child.
In simple words Saying yes after you understand what you are saying yes to.
Example A parent signs to allow a coach to film a lesson.
Used in courses 2.3 2.3.3 2.6 2.6.3 2.6.4 2.8.3 2.8.4 2.9.1 3.3.3 3.3.4 3.4.2 3.5
Related Safe sport
A list of everything in a packaged food, in order of weight from most to least.
In simple words A list of what is inside a food, biggest part first.
Example If sugar is first on the list, the food has more sugar than anything else.
A claim that lets a GST/HST registrant subtract the sales tax they paid on business purchases from the tax they collect.
In simple words Getting back the sales tax you paid on things you bought for your business.
Example You paid sales tax on supplies for your shop and subtract it when you report what you collected.
Used in courses 2.1.2 2.13.2 5.8.3 8.7
Related GST/HST
Ongoing trouble falling or staying asleep that affects how you feel in the day. See a doctor if it continues.
In simple words Having a hard time falling asleep or staying asleep.
Example Lying awake for a long time most nights.
Used in courses 9.14.2 10.6.2 10.6.4
Related Sleep hygiene, Sleep apnea
A check by an official that work meets the required rules.
In simple words A check to make sure work is safe and done right.
Example An inspector checks new wiring.
Used in courses 1.7 2.9.3 2.16 2.16.2 2.16.4 2.17 2.17.2 2.17.3 2.18 2.18.2 2.18.3 2.19
The cost of borrowing money, or the reward for lending or saving it, usually shown as a percentage of the amount over a period of time.
In simple words Extra money you pay when you borrow, or get paid when you save.
Example If you keep money in a savings account and the bank adds a little each month, that addition is interest.
Used in courses 1.6 1.6.4 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.2 2.2.4 2.3.2 2.3.4 2.4.4 2.5.3 2.5.4 2.6.4
Related Compounding, Avalanche method
Mixing different topics or problem types in one study session instead of doing all of one kind first.
In simple words Switching between different kinds of problems while you practise.
Example Doing a few fractions, a few percent questions and a few ratio questions in the same session.
Used in courses 9.6 9.6.2 9.6.3 9.6.4 13.10.4 13.12.2 13.12.4 13.14.4 13.16 13.16.2 15.3.4 15.4.4
Related Spaced practice, Active recall
A signal that makes a microcontroller pause its main program to run a short function, called an interrupt service routine, then resume.
In simple words A tap on the shoulder that makes the program pause for something urgent.
Example A pulse sensor triggers an interrupt each time it fires.
Used in courses 1.5.1 2.3.4 2.5.3 2.12 3.3.2 4.4 5.8.4 6.8 7.11 9.1.4 9.7 10.7.3
Related Debouncing
The distance in pitch between two notes, such as a third or a perfect fifth.
In simple words How far apart two notes are.
Example C up to G is a perfect fifth.
Used in courses 1.9 2.22.4 4.4.3 4.9 5.18 7.2.2 7.3.2 7.3.3 9.5 9.6.2 9.9.4 9.12.3
The rise and fall of your voice across a sentence, which can turn a statement into a question.
In simple words How your voice goes up and down when you speak.
Example Raising your voice at the end makes 'You are coming?' sound like a question.
Related Word stress, Sentence stress
Doing something because you enjoy it or find it meaningful, not for a reward.
In simple words Doing something because you like it.
Example Playing guitar just because it feels good.
How many times you sell and replace your stock in a period. A higher number means stock is not sitting around tying up cash.
In simple words How fast your stuff sells and gets replaced.
Example If a shop sells through its whole stock every month, it turns over twelve times a year.
Related Reorder point, Sell-through
A rule that light gets weaker very quickly as it moves farther from its source.
In simple words Light gets much dimmer the farther away it is.
Example Moving a lamp twice as far makes your subject much darker.
Related Flash power, Quality of light
Switching the usual order of subject and verb for emphasis, such as 'Never have I seen this.'
In simple words Swapping the usual order of words for emphasis.
Example 'Rarely do we get this chance' is an inversion.
Used in courses 6.2.3 6.2.4 6.3.3 6.5.2 6.5.3 11.4.3 14.1.4 14.5
Related Cleft sentence, Word order
Playing a chord with a note other than the root at the bottom, such as playing C-E-G as E-G-C.
In simple words Playing the same chord with the notes in a different order.
Example E-G-C is the first inversion of a C chord.
Used in courses 11.4.3 14.4.4 14.5 14.6
Related Triad, Slash chord
A bill that a seller or freelancer sends to ask for payment, showing what was provided, the amount and the due date.
In simple words A bill you send to get paid.
Example An invoice lists the work done, the price and the due date.
Used in courses 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.9 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.5 2.6 2.6.3 2.6.4 2.7 2.8 2.8.3
An atom or group of atoms with an electric charge because it has gained or lost electrons. A positive ion is a cation and a negative ion is an anion.
In simple words An atom with a charge.
Example Sodium loses an electron to become a positive ion.
Used in courses 15.4.2
Related Ionic bond, Valence electrons
A bond formed when one atom gives electrons to another and the oppositely charged ions attract. They form a crystal lattice.
In simple words A bond where one atom gives an electron to another and they stick.
Example Table salt is made of sodium and chloride ions.
Used in courses 15.4.2
Related Ion, Covalent bond
A number that identifies a device on a network.
In simple words A device's address on a network.
Example A computer has a number like 192.168.1.5 on home Wi-Fi.
A verb that does not follow the usual pattern when conjugated and must be learned separately, such as ir or être.
In simple words A verb that breaks the usual rules.
Example 'Ir' (to go) becomes 'voy', not a regular 'o' ending.
Used in courses 2.31.4 6.4.2 6.4.3 6.5.2 6.5.3 6.5.4 6.6 6.6.2 9.11.3
Related Conjugation, Stem change
The camera's sensitivity to light. Higher ISO brightens dark scenes but adds grainy noise.
In simple words How sensitive the camera is to light.
Example You raise ISO indoors, but the picture gets grainy.
Used in courses 1.8.4 4.4.3 7.4.4 7.8.4 11.2.3 11.5 13.12.3 15.2 15.2.2 15.2.4 15.7.4
Related Shutter speed, Aperture
Editing techniques where the sound of the next clip starts before its picture (J-cut), or the previous clip's sound continues over the next picture (L-cut), so the edit feels smooth.
In simple words Letting the sound arrive early or stay a bit longer so cuts feel smooth.
Example You hear the next speaker begin while still seeing the first.
Used in courses 4.4.2
Related Jump cut
The programming language that makes web pages interactive.
In simple words The code that makes web pages do things.
Example A button click shows a message.
Used in courses 1.5 1.5.1 3.8.2 3.8.3 3.8.4 7.2.2 7.2.4 7.7 7.7.2 7.7.3 7.7.4
The Government of Canada's free job search website with postings, job alerts and a resume builder.
In simple words The Canadian government's free job website.
Example A newcomer sets a job alert for warehouse jobs.
Used in courses 8.1 8.1.2 8.1.3 8.1.4 8.2 8.2.2 8.2.3 8.2.4 8.3 8.3.2 8.5 8.5.2
Related Resume
A SQL operation that combines rows from two tables using a matching column.
In simple words Linking two tables together using a shared column.
Example Join customers and orders to see each customer's orders.
Used in courses 1.1.3 1.4.3 1.7.2 1.10.4 2.2.3 2.3.2 2.8 2.8.3 2.9 2.9.3 2.10.4 2.11.4
Related Foreign key, NULL
A plain-text way of writing data as labelled fields, which programs and automations can read easily.
In simple words A neat way of writing information with labels so computers can read it.
Example {"name": "Ana", "topic": "refund"}
Used in courses 1.1.2 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.3.3 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.11 3.8.2 7.5.2 7.5.3
Related Structured output, Step contract
A classic cut that makes thin, matchstick-shaped strips.
In simple words Cutting food into thin sticks.
Example Carrots cut like matchsticks.
Used in courses 12.1.2
A cut inside the same shot that skips a bit of time, often used to remove pauses and make a video feel fast.
In simple words A quick cut that skips ahead.
Example Cutting out the "um" pauses in a talking video.
Used in courses 4.2 4.4.2 4.8 4.10
Related J-cut and L-cut, Match cut
Characters borrowed from Chinese that carry meaning and are used in Japanese writing, often with more than one reading.
In simple words Japanese picture-based characters that each carry a meaning.
Example The kanji 高い means high or expensive.
A Japanese writing set used mostly for foreign words and names, such as コーヒー for coffee.
In simple words Japanese characters used mostly for foreign words.
Example 'トイレ' (toilet) is written in katakana.
Slowly zooming or panning across a still photo to make it feel alive in a video.
In simple words Slowly moving across a photo so it feels like video.
Example A slow zoom on an old family picture.
Used in courses 4.8
Related Motion graphics
Sharps or flats at the start of a staff that show which key the music is in.
In simple words The sharps or flats at the start that tell you which notes to change.
Example One sharp (F sharp) shows the key of G major.
Used in courses 14.4.4 14.5 14.6
Related Major scale, Relative minor
A word or phrase people type into a search engine. Good keyword research finds what your customers actually search for.
In simple words The words people type to search for something.
Example "cheap bike repair near me".
Used in courses 3.5.4 3.6 3.8 3.8.2 3.8.4 3.9.3 3.11 3.12 6.7 7.2.2 7.4.3 7.5
Important words from a job posting, such as skills and tools, that employers or software look for in applications.
In simple words The important words a job ad uses.
Example If the ad says 'scheduling', include it when it is true.
Used in courses 1.10.2 2.6.3 3.4.4 3.6 3.7 3.7.2 3.7.3 3.8 3.8.2 3.8.3 3.8.4 3.11
Related Tailoring, Applicant tracking system (ATS)
A Filipino dish of raw fish or seafood in vinegar and citrus. Use very fresh, properly handled fish and follow safety guidance.
In simple words A Filipino dish of fresh fish soaked in vinegar.
Example Fish with vinegar, onions and ginger.
Used in courses 12.2.2
Related Sinigang, Cross-contamination
A key number you track to see whether you are reaching a goal, like sign-ups per week or cost per sale.
In simple words A score that tells you if you are winning.
Example Goal: more bookings. KPI: booking requests per week.
Used in courses 2.8.4 2.20.4 2.31.3 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.7.2 3.7.3 3.7.4 3.8 3.8.2 3.8.4 3.12
Delay. Indicators built from past prices tell you about the past, so they react after the move has begun.
In simple words Being a bit late because it is based on old information.
Example A moving average turns only after price has already turned.
Used in courses 4.2.3 5.10 5.10.2 5.18 7.4.3 8.4.2 10.1.4 10.6.3 10.6.4 13.8.4
Related Moving average (MA), Whipsaw
The full cost of getting a product to your door, including the price, shipping, duties and taxes, and fees.
In simple words What something really cost once it arrived at your shop.
Example A $10 item plus $2 shipping and $1 in duties has a landed cost of $13.
Used in courses 2.25 2.25.1 2.25.3
Related Incoterms, Customs broker, Harmonized System (HS) code
A web page made for one purpose, usually to get a visitor to do one thing, like sign up or buy.
In simple words A page built to get you to do one thing.
Example A page about a free class with only one sign-up button.
Used in courses 3.1.4 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.4.4 3.6 3.8.2 3.10 3.10.2 3.12 11.3.3
Related Call to action (CTA), Conversion rate
The type of AI behind chat tools. It learned from huge amounts of text and predicts useful words one after another to answer you.
In simple words A giant word-guessing brain that learned by reading a huge amount of text.
Example Claude and ChatGPT are chat tools powered by large language models.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.5
Related Prompt, Hallucination, Context window
The delay between what you do on camera and when viewers see it. Lower delay helps live chat feel real-time but can reduce stability.
In simple words How late viewers see what you do live.
Example A viewer asks a question and sees your answer a few seconds later.
Used in courses 1.2.3 4.9.2 4.9.3 7.9 10.6.4
Related Live stream
When unsure whether a source is reliable, opening a new tab to see who is behind it and what others say, instead of staying on the same page.
In simple words Checking who is behind a website by looking at other websites.
Example Before trusting a stats page, you search the publisher's name in a new tab.
Used in courses 1.10.2 5.3.4 5.9.4 5.10.4 9.3 9.3.2 13.10 13.10.2 13.10.4 15.5.4 15.6.4
Related Hallucination, Verify with quotes
A planned burst of promotion around a new product, with pre-launch, launch day and post-launch stages.
In simple words The big announcement when something new comes out.
Example A waitlist, an early reminder emails and a launch-day post.
Used in courses 2.20.3 3.13 3.13.1 3.13.3 3.13.4 15.1.4
Related Lead magnet, Content calendar
A free helpful item, like a checklist or short guide, offered in exchange for an email address.
In simple words A free gift that makes people want to join your list.
Example A free 5-day meal plan for signing up to a newsletter.
Used in courses 3.5
Related Funnel
A simple page with the melody and chord symbols of a song, used as a guide for players.
In simple words A one-page map of a song's tune and chords.
Example A pianist plays the chords from the symbols above the melody.
Used in courses 11.3.2 14.4.4 14.5 14.6
Related Chord chart, Chord
Lines in a scene, such as roads or fences, that guide the viewer's eye toward the subject.
In simple words Lines that point the eye to the subject.
Example A path leads toward a person in the photo.
Related Rule of thirds, Fill the frame
A leading indicator moves first and may predict results, like sign-ups this week. A lagging indicator shows results later, like sales next month.
In simple words Early signs that suggest what will happen, versus the final result.
Example Email sign-ups now (leading) may predict sales next month (lagging).
Used in courses 3.12
Related KPI (key performance indicator)
A one-page grid with boxes such as problem, solution, customers, unique value, channels, costs and revenue, used to sketch a business idea quickly.
In simple words A one-page map of your business idea.
Example You fill the nine boxes in an afternoon and show a friend.
Used in courses 2.3
Related Business plan
A stage after launching or changing a Meta ad set while the system explores who to show it to. Results swing a lot, so avoid judging the test too early.
In simple words The time the ad system is still figuring out who to show your ad.
Example You wait until the learning phase ends before deciding an ad failed.
Used in courses 3.1.3 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.6
Related Paid ads (cost per click), A/B test
The popular idea that people learn best when taught in their preferred style, such as visual or auditory. The course notes that good evidence for this is weak.
In simple words The idea that each person has one best way to learn, which is not well proven.
Example A student who says they are a visual learner may still learn better by testing themselves.
Used in courses 9.3.2 9.6 9.9.4 13.12.2 13.16.2
Related Active recall
A rental agreement between a tenant and a landlord. In Ontario a standard lease form is used for most homes.
In simple words A written deal to rent a home.
Example You sign a one-year lease for an apartment.
Used in courses 1.2 1.11 2.1 2.15.3 2.15.4 2.18 2.18.2 2.18.3 2.19.1 2.19.4 2.20 2.20.3
Related Rental scam
Giving an AI or tool only the access it needs for the job and nothing more, so mistakes or attacks cause less damage.
In simple words Only giving the helper the keys it really needs.
Example A summary tool can read one folder but cannot send emails or delete files.
Used in courses 1.1.4 1.2.4 1.3.3 1.5.4 1.11.4 7.4.4 7.6.4 7.7.3 7.8.3 7.9 7.9.2 7.9.3
Related Prompt injection, Tool permissions
Light-emitting diode, a small lamp that only works one way round and needs a resistor to limit current.
In simple words A tiny light that needs a resistor.
Example An LED connected without a resistor can burn out.
Used in courses 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.3.3 1.8 1.8.3 2.2.2 2.4.4 2.14.2 2.14.4 2.15.4 2.16.4 2.22.4
Cooked food stored for later. Cool, store and reheat it safely, and use it within the time recommended by Health Canada.
In simple words Food that is saved to eat later.
Example Rice stored in the fridge and reheated until hot.
Used in courses 1.5.4 2.18.2 2.21 2.21.3 2.21.4 3.9.4 7.9.2 10.5.2 12.1 12.1.2 12.1.3 12.1.4
Related Cool fast, Temperature danger zone
Playing notes smoothly connected, with no gaps. On piano, pedalling can help link notes.
In simple words Playing notes smoothly, one flowing into the next.
Example Joining the notes of a slow tune without any breaks.
Used in courses 14.3 14.5 14.6
Related Dynamics
A serve that touches the net and lands in the correct box, or other interference, which is replayed without penalty.
In simple words A do-over for the point.
Example A serve clips the net and drops in, so you serve again.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.3 1.2 1.2.2 1.2.4 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.3 1.4.4
Related Fault, Service boxes
Using borrowed money to control a bigger position than your own cash would allow. It magnifies losses as well as gains.
In simple words Borrowing to make a bet bigger, which makes wins and losses bigger.
Example With 10 times leverage, a 1% move changes the position by 10% (math only).
Used in courses 2.31.3 3.6 5.5 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.6 5.6.1 5.6.3 5.6.4 5.11 5.11.2 5.11.3
Related Margin, Margin call
An IELTS marking area that looks at the range and accuracy of the words you use.
In simple words How many good words you can use correctly.
Example Using varied, accurate words earns a better lexical resource score.
Related IELTS, Collocation
Ready-made code that others wrote so you can reuse it, such as the standard library or add-ons installed with pip.
In simple words Code other people wrote that you can borrow.
Example You install the requests package to talk to websites.
Used in courses 1.1.2 1.2 1.2.2 1.2.4 1.4 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.6.3 1.6.4 1.7.2 1.7.3 1.7.4
Related Python
Permission from the owner of a work to use it in certain ways. Licences can limit how, where and for how long.
In simple words Permission to use something in a certain way.
Example A photographer lets a business use a photo on its website for one year.
Used in courses 1.6.4 1.7.2 1.7.3 1.7.4 2.1 2.6.4 2.7 2.8.4 2.9.1 2.9.3 2.9.4 2.10
The upward force created by air flowing around a wing or propeller. It works against weight.
In simple words The upward push that holds planes and drones in the air.
Example A drone's spinning propellers push air down, which gives lift.
Used in courses 2.6.3 2.20.3 3.2.4 3.4.3 3.5.4 3.7.4 3.8.3 3.9.4 4.8 5.2.2 6.6.3 7.1.4
Excess artificial light that washes out the night sky and makes faint stars hard to see.
In simple words City lights that make it hard to see stars.
Example You see many more stars in a dark-sky preserve than in a city.
Used in courses 15.2 15.2.2 15.2.4
Related Magnitude, Constellation
People often underestimate how much others like them after a conversation.
In simple words The other person likes you more than you think.
Example After chatting with a stranger, they enjoyed it more than you guessed.
Used in courses 9.13.2
Related Spotlight effect, Avoidance
A protection where owners are generally not personally responsible for the business's debts beyond what they put in. Exceptions exist, so get professional advice.
In simple words Your own house is usually safe if the company owes money.
Example A company cannot pay a supplier, and the supplier usually cannot take the owner's personal savings.
Used in courses 2.1 2.1.3 2.9 2.9.3 2.9.4 2.20.3 2.24 2.24.3 2.28.3 2.29 5.8.3 8.7.3
Related Corporation, Sole proprietorship
The decisions about whether a ball landed in or out. Players call the lines on their own side of the court.
In simple words Saying whether the ball was in or out.
Example The ball lands near the line and you call it out because you clearly saw space.
Used in courses 10.1.4 10.2 10.2.2 10.2.3
Related Hinder, Score calling
The line under your name on LinkedIn that tells people who you are and what you do, shown in searches.
In simple words The short line under your name on LinkedIn.
Example 'Customer service representative | Bilingual English and French'.
Used in courses 2.3.4 2.6.3 2.7 2.8.4 2.9.4 2.11.3 2.13.3 3.1.4 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.4 3.4.2
Related Open to Work, Endorsements
A small word that joins a describing word to the thing it describes in Tagalog, written 'na' or '-ng'.
In simple words A little link word that connects a describing word to its noun.
Example 'Mabait na bata' means 'kind child'; 'na' links the two words.
Keeping your email list clean by removing people who unsubscribe, bounce or have been inactive for a long time.
In simple words Tidying your email list.
Example You stop emailing addresses that never open for a long time, after a polite last message.
Used in courses 3.5
Related CASL, Email service provider (ESP)
A video broadcast shown to viewers as it happens, such as on YouTube or other platforms.
In simple words A video that people watch while it is happening.
Example A tennis coach answers questions live for 30 minutes.
Used in courses 1.3.3 2.8.3 3.2.4 3.4.4 3.11 4.6.4 4.9 4.9.2 4.9.3 4.9.4 5.18 7.6.3
A way to repeat instructions, such as a for loop over a list or a while loop until a condition changes.
In simple words Doing the same steps again and again.
Example A loop prints each name on a list.
Used in courses 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2.4 1.3.3 1.4 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.6.3
The tendency to feel a loss more strongly than an equal gain, which can lead to poor decisions such as holding losers too long.
In simple words Losing something hurts more than winning the same thing feels good.
Example Losing $20 feels worse than finding $20 feels good.
Used in courses 5.4.2 5.5 5.11.2 5.11.3 5.12 5.16 5.17 5.22
Related Revenge trading, Confirmation bias
How loud the audio sounds overall. Platforms may adjust loudness, so you aim for steady levels, using a loudness meter and a final listen.
In simple words How loud your video sounds.
Example You listen on earphones to be sure music does not drown out the voice.
Used in courses 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.6 4.6.2 4.6.4 4.10 11.3.3 11.4.3 14.1.4 14.7
Related Room tone, Sound effects (SFX)
Foods that are less likely to cause food poisoning, such as baked goods without cream. Ontario public health rules treat higher-risk foods differently.
In simple words Foods that rarely make people sick.
Example Bread and cookies.
Used in courses 12.4
Related Food handler training, Public health unit
A small text label in the lower part of the screen that shows a name or title.
In simple words The name tag shown on screen near the bottom.
Example "Maria Cruz, bakery owner" under the speaker.
Used in courses 4.2.3 4.9.4 11.2
Related Motion graphics
How many times larger an object looks through a telescope or binoculars. Higher is not always better because the view gets dim and shaky.
In simple words How much bigger something looks.
Example A 50x view makes the Moon appear fifty times larger.
Related Aperture, Focal length
A scale for how bright a star or planet looks. Smaller numbers mean brighter objects.
In simple words A number that says how bright a star looks.
Example A star of magnitude 1 is brighter than one of magnitude 5.
Used in courses 13.14.3 15.2.2 15.2.3 15.2.4
Related Light pollution, Aperture
The valve that stops all water to a building. Know where it is in case of a leak.
In simple words The big tap that turns off all water to your home.
Example Turning it off when a pipe bursts.
Used in courses 12.3 12.3.2 12.3.4
Related Flapper, Electrical panel
Two common chord and scale types. Major usually sounds bright and minor usually sounds darker or sadder.
In simple words Major sounds happy; minor sounds sad.
Example C major and C minor use different third notes, which changes the mood.
Used in courses 1.2.3 1.6 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.6.4 1.7.2 1.7.3 1.8.3 2.8 2.9.3 2.9.4 2.14.4
Related Chord, Triad, Major scale
A seven-note scale with a bright sound, built from a pattern of whole and half steps. C major uses only the white keys on a piano.
In simple words A set of notes that sounds happy.
Example Do, re, mi, fa, so, la, ti, do.
Used in courses 11.4 11.4.2 14.1.4 14.2 14.3 14.4.4 14.5 14.10.4 14.11
Related Natural minor, Half step
The money you must set aside as security to open or hold a leveraged position.
In simple words A deposit you must keep to hold a borrowed-money position.
Example A broker requires a deposit before letting you hold a larger position.
Used in courses 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.3.2 2.3.4 2.4 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.6.3 2.6.4 2.8 2.8.3
Related Leverage, Margin call
A demand to add money, or a forced closing of positions, when your account no longer has enough to cover a leveraged position.
In simple words A warning that you must add money or the position gets closed.
Example After losses, the broker closes positions automatically because the account is too low.
How far your sales can fall before you reach break-even. A bigger cushion means less risk.
In simple words How much your sales can drop before you start losing money.
Example You break even at 100 sales and usually make 130, so you have 30 sales of cushion.
Used in courses 2.3.2 2.13.3 2.31.3
Related Break-even point
The empty border between your content and the edge of the page.
In simple words The empty edge around the page.
Example Text stays inside the margins so it is not cut off in print.
Used in courses 2.1.4 2.3.2 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.8.3 2.11.4 2.13.3 2.13.4 2.16.4 2.20.2 2.20.3
Related White space, Print bleed
Soaking food in a seasoned liquid before cooking for flavour. Raw-meat marinade should not be reused as a sauce unless it is boiled first.
In simple words Letting food sit in a tasty sauce before cooking.
Example Chicken in soy and garlic.
Used in courses 12.1 12.1.2 12.2 12.2.3
Related Cross-contamination
A planning checklist of four choices: product, price, place (where it is sold) and promotion (how people hear about it).
In simple words Four questions: what you sell, what it costs, where, and how people find out.
Example A bakery decides on cupcakes (product), a price, a market stall (place) and an Instagram post (promotion).
Used in courses 3.1
Charges an online marketplace takes from sellers, such as listing, transaction and payment fees. Check the current seller terms.
In simple words The fees a selling website charges you when you sell.
Example You sell for $30 and the platform keeps a small fee, so you count it as a cost.
Related Gross profit, Landed cost
The amount added to cost to get the selling price, shown as a percentage of cost. It is a different number from margin, which is a percentage of price.
In simple words How much extra you add on top of what it cost you.
Example An item costs $10 and sells for $15, so markup is 50 percent but margin is about 33 percent.
Used in courses 2.4 2.4.2 2.15.3 2.19 2.20 2.20.2 2.20.3 2.23.2 2.24.2 2.25.1 2.27.3 2.31
Related Gross profit, Pricing floor
The amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms. Weight is the force of gravity on that mass and is measured in newtons.
In simple words How much stuff an object is made of.
Example A brick has the same mass on the Moon, but weighs less there.
Used in courses 1.6.4 2.8 3.8 3.8.4 3.11.1 4.1 4.3.3 13.1.4 15.1 15.1.2 15.1.3 15.1.4
Times when you try something and succeed. In the course, these are the strongest source of self-efficacy.
In simple words The times you tried something and did it.
Example Giving a short talk to friends and finding it went fine.
Used in courses 9.13 9.13.2 9.13.4
Related Self-efficacy, Graded practice
A cut that connects two shots through a similar shape, movement or idea so the change feels natural.
In simple words A cut where two pictures look alike so the switch feels smooth.
Example A spinning bike wheel cuts to a spinning clock.
Related Jump cut
Holding both drumsticks the same way. Traditional grip holds the left stick differently, with the palm up.
In simple words Holding both drumsticks the same way.
Example Most beginners start with matched grip.
Used in courses 14.7
Related Drum rudiments
A relationship between a sponsor and a creator, such as payment or free products, that must be disclosed to audiences when talking about the brand.
In simple words A link between you and a brand, like being paid, that you must tell people about.
Example A creator adds "ad" or "sponsored" clearly to a paid post.
Used in courses 1.3.4 1.6 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.6.4 2.2 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.6.3 2.7 2.8
Related Earnings claims
An open standard that lets AI tools connect to outside apps and data, such as calendars, files or databases, in a consistent way.
In simple words A common plug that lets the AI connect to other apps.
Example A connector built on MCP lets Claude read your calendar when you allow it.
Cooking or preparing food ahead of time, then storing it safely for later meals.
In simple words Making food ahead so meals are quick.
Example Cooking rice and chicken on Sunday for the week.
The average: add up all the values and divide by how many there are.
In simple words Add everything up and share it out evenly.
Example Scores 2, 4 and 9 add to 15, divided by 3 gives a mean of 5.
Used in courses 1.2 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.3.4 1.4.3 1.5.4 1.6.3 1.6.4 1.7 1.7.3 1.8
The middle value when numbers are sorted from smallest to largest. It is less affected by one very large or very small value.
In simple words The number in the middle when you line them up in order.
Example In 2, 4, 9 the median is 4.
Used in courses 2.2 2.4.3 2.8.3 2.13.4 2.27.3 3.11.3 4.1 5.7.4 7.3 7.3.2 8.5.3 9.1.2
A process where a neutral person helps two sides reach an agreement without going to court.
In simple words Having a neutral helper work out a deal between two sides.
Example A freelancer and client meet with a mediator over a payment dispute.
Used in courses 1.4.4 2.14.4 2.24.3 5.1.2 5.1.4 5.3.4 5.4 5.4.2 5.4.3 5.4.4 5.5 5.5.3
A hormone the body makes that helps signal sleep time. Supplements should be discussed with a doctor or pharmacist.
In simple words A chemical in the body that helps you feel sleepy.
Example Your body makes more of it when it is dark.
Used in courses 10.6.2 10.6.3 10.6.4
Related Circadian rhythm, Insomnia
The tune of a song, made of notes of different pitches and lengths played one after another.
In simple words The tune you sing.
Example The line you hum for a song.
Used in courses 4.7 4.7.2 11.3.2 11.3.4 11.4 11.4.2 11.4.3 11.4.4 14.1.4 14.3 14.4 14.4.4
Related Hook, Chord progression
A setting that lets Claude remember useful details about you or your work between chats. You can view, edit or turn it off in settings.
In simple words The AI remembers some things about you from earlier chats.
Example Claude remembers that you write for a small bakery and prefer short replies.
Used in courses 1.1.2 1.1.4 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.5 1.5.4 1.7.3 1.7.4 1.10 1.10.2 1.10.3 1.10.4
Related Project (Claude), Data minimisation
The yearly cost of running a fund, shown as a percentage of the fund's value, taken out of the fund's returns.
In simple words The yearly fee a fund charges, shown as a percentage.
Example A fund with a 1% MER costs $10 a year for every $1,000 invested (made-up example).
Used in courses 3.2.4 5.4 5.4.2 9.6.3
Related Mutual fund, ETF, Compounding
A short summary of a page that may appear under its title in search results. It is not a ranking trick, but it can help people choose to click.
In simple words The little preview text under a search result.
Example "Learn five easy steps to fix a leaking tap in 20 minutes."
A device or app that clicks at a steady tempo to help musicians keep time.
In simple words A ticking helper that keeps the beat.
Example A band practises with a click set at 100 BPM.
Used in courses 11.3 11.3.2 11.4 11.4.2 11.4.3 14.1 14.1.4 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.4.4 14.5
A practice method of raising the tempo in small steps once a passage is played cleanly at each speed.
In simple words Speeding up a tune a little at a time.
Example Play a passage cleanly at 60, then 66, then 72 beats per minute.
A small computer on one chip that reads inputs and controls outputs, like an Arduino board. An embedded system is a device with such a computer built in.
In simple words A tiny computer that controls a device.
Example An Arduino reads a button and turns on an LED.
The directions in which a microphone hears best. A cardioid pattern picks up mostly from the front and rejects sound from behind.
In simple words Which direction a microphone listens to.
Example A cardioid mic faces the singer and ignores the room behind it.
Used in courses 14.12
Related Headphone mix, Monitors
Common kinds of microphones, such as lavalier (clip-on) and shotgun, each suited to different recording situations. Keeping the mic close to the mouth matters most.
In simple words Different kinds of microphones for different jobs.
Example A clip-on mic for an interview, held a short distance from the mouth.
An app for chat, video meetings and shared files for a class, team or workplace.
In simple words An app where a group can chat, meet and share files.
Example A class team has a channel for each unit and a weekly video meeting.
Used in courses 1.1.4 1.4.4 1.5.4 1.6.4 1.8.3 1.8.4 1.11.3 1.11.4 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.5.3 2.9.4
Related Channel, OneDrive, SharePoint
A ball hit between two doubles partners. Teams should agree in advance who takes it.
In simple words The ball in between you and your partner.
Example You agree that the forehand player takes it.
Related Stacking, Formations
The C near the middle of a piano keyboard and halfway between the treble and bass staffs. It is often the starting place for learning notes.
In simple words The C right in the middle of the piano.
Example Your right thumb rests on middle C in a beginner hand position.
Used in courses 11.4.3 14.4 14.4.4 14.5 14.10 14.11
Related Grand staff, Octave
A key point or achievement in a project that marks progress, with no duration of its own.
In simple words A checkpoint that shows you reached an important step.
Example 'Venue booked' is a milestone.
Used in courses 1.10.3 2.3 2.3.4 2.11.2 2.11.3 2.14.3 2.23.3 5.17 5.22 7.6.4 8.3.4 8.4
Checkpoints along the way to a bigger goal that let you see progress.
In simple words Little finish lines on the way to a big goal.
Example A 10 km goal with milestones at 3 km and 6 km.
Used in courses 2.3 2.3.4 2.11.4 2.29.4 3.1.4 7.6.4 7.8.4 8.4 8.4.2 8.4.3 8.4.4 8.5.3
Related SMART goals, Process goals
To cut food into very small pieces, such as garlic.
In simple words Chopping something into tiny bits.
Example Mincing garlic for a sauce.
Paying attention to the present moment on purpose, without judging it.
In simple words Noticing what is happening right now.
Example Spending a minute noticing your breath and the sounds around you.
Used in courses 9.1.3 9.11 9.11.2 9.11.4 9.13 9.13.3 9.14.2 9.14.4 10.6 10.6.2
Related Self-compassion, Suppression
A tiny, easy form of a habit you can do even on a bad day, so the habit never fully stops.
In simple words The smallest piece of the habit that still counts.
Example On a busy day, your workout is just one stretch instead of a full session.
Related Habit stacking, Streak
The process of using computers to validate transactions and add them to a blockchain such as Bitcoin, which earns rewards under the network's rules.
In simple words Computers working to check and record crypto transactions.
Example Miners compete to add the next block to the Bitcoin chain.
Used in courses 5.4.4 5.6 5.6.1 5.8 5.9 5.9.2 5.9.3 7.3.3 15.1 15.1.2
Related Blockchain
Statements in marketing that give a false or confusing impression, such as unproven results, fake sell-outs or hidden prices. Canadian rules, including the Competition Act, cover this.
In simple words Saying things that make people believe something untrue.
Example Saying "only 2 left" when you have plenty.
Used in courses 1.3.4 2.2 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.3.3 2.4.4 2.5 2.5.4 2.6 2.6.3 2.7
A mixture is two or more substances not chemically joined. A solution is a mixture where a solute is dissolved evenly in a solvent.
In simple words Things mixed together; in a solution one thing disappears into another.
Example Sugar dissolved in water is a solution.
Used in courses 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2.4 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.4 1.9 1.10 2.3 2.3.4
Related Physical change
A citation style that puts the author's name and a page number in brackets in the text and lists full details on a Works Cited page. It is often used in English and humanities classes.
In simple words A set of rules for how to write down where you found your facts.
Example After a quote you might write (Smith 42) and then list the full book details at the end.
Used in courses 1.10 1.10.2 1.10.3 13.1 13.1.2 13.2.2 13.10.2 13.10.3 13.11 13.11.2 13.11.3 13.11.4
Related APA, Works cited, Citation
The value that appears most often in a set of numbers.
In simple words The number that shows up the most.
Example In 3, 5, 5, 8 the mode is 5.
Used in courses 1.4.4 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.7.2 1.7.3 1.10 1.10.2 1.11 1.12 2.16.3
A small, single-use rocket engine. In Canada, rocket motors are treated as explosives, so follow the rules and the manufacturer's directions.
In simple words A small engine that pushes a toy rocket up.
Example A motor code such as C6-4 tells you the motor's size, thrust and delay.
Related Thrust, Recovery system
A person or tool that manages live chat or comments by removing harmful messages, blocking words and keeping the conversation safe.
In simple words The helper who keeps the chat safe and friendly.
Example A moderator removes a rude comment and holds messages for review.
Used in courses 3.11 3.11.3 3.11.4 4.9 4.9.2 9.3.4 9.5.4
Related Live stream
Scales built by starting a major scale on a different note, such as Dorian and Mixolydian, each with its own flavour.
In simple words Scales that sound different even though they use the same notes.
Example Dorian has a minor sound with a brighter sixth note.
Used in courses 1.4.4 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.12 2.16.3 2.25 2.25.1 2.25.4 2.29.3 4.4.2
Related Major scale, Relative minor
A counting unit in chemistry equal to Avogadro's number of particles, used to link tiny atoms with measurable masses. Molar mass is the mass of one mole.
In simple words A chemistry counting unit for huge numbers of tiny particles.
Example A mole of water molecules has a mass you can weigh on a scale.
Used in courses 15.3.4 15.4.2 15.4.3 15.4.4
Related Chemical equation
Two or more atoms joined together by bonds. A compound is a substance made of two or more different elements bonded together.
In simple words Atoms stuck together.
Example Water has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
Used in courses 15.4 15.4.2 15.4.4 15.5.4
Related Atom, Covalent bond, Element
A feeling that a run of success is carrying you forward in a match. It can change quickly.
In simple words When things are going well and keep going well.
Example You win four points in a row and feel confident.
Used in courses 5.6 5.6.1 5.10.2 5.10.4 5.18 9.7.4 10.2 10.2.2 10.2.3 15.1.3 15.3.2 15.3.3
Related Between-points routine
Speakers or headphones that let performers hear themselves on stage or in the studio. In-ear monitors sit in the ear.
In simple words What lets players hear themselves while they perform.
Example A singer asks for more guitar in the monitor.
Used in courses 1.4.4 3.11.4 5.5.4 11.3.3 12.2.4 12.5.4 13.7.2 13.7.3 13.17.2 14.7.4 14.9 14.10.4
Related Headphone mix, Feedback
Rights that let a creator be credited and protect their work from being changed in ways that harm their reputation. In Canada they stay with the creator even if copyright is sold.
In simple words A creator's right to be credited and to protect their work's honour.
Example A photographer asks to be named when their photo is shown.
Used in courses 2.8.4 2.10 2.10.3 2.11 2.11.3 2.11.4 3.1.4 3.3.4 3.9.3 4.7.3 4.7.4 7.6.4
A loan used to buy a home, where the home is the security for the loan and you repay it with interest over time.
In simple words A big loan from a bank that helps you buy a house.
Example A family borrows money to buy a house and pays it back every month.
Used in courses 2.26 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.2 5.2.2 5.2.3 8.5.2
Related Down payment, Amortization, Term
Insurance that protects the lender, not you, if a borrower with a smaller down payment cannot repay. The cost is usually added to the mortgage.
In simple words Insurance for the bank that is needed when your first payment is small.
Example A buyer with a small down payment has this insurance cost added to the mortgage.
Related Down payment, Mortgage
A short musical idea that is repeated and varied through a piece or solo.
In simple words A short tune idea that comes back again and again.
Example A three-note phrase repeated at different pitches builds a solo.
Related Call and response, Improvisation
Animated text, shapes and graphics added to a video, such as titles and lower thirds.
In simple words Moving words and shapes added to a video.
Example A title that slides in with the speaker's name.
Related Ken Burns effect
The average price over a chosen number of recent periods, redrawn each period to smooth out the noise and show direction.
In simple words A smoothed line made from the average of recent prices.
Example A 10-day moving average averages the last 10 closing prices.
Used in courses 2.31.2 5.10 5.10.2 5.10.4 5.11 5.12 5.18 7.4.3 13.2.2 15.7.4
Filming the same scene with more than one camera, then switching between angles in the edit.
In simple words Using several cameras to show different views of the same moment.
Example Two phones film a talk from the front and the side.
Used in courses 3.3.3 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.4.2 4.9.4
Related Audio sync, Jump cut
Logging in with more than one proof of identity, such as a password plus a code sent to your phone.
In simple words Needing two keys to open a door, not one.
Example After typing your password, you also enter a six-digit code from an app.
Used in courses 1.3 1.3.4 1.8 1.8.2 5.7.2 5.7.3 5.9.2 5.19 7.8 7.8.2 7.8.3 7.10
Related Passphrase, Phishing, Password manager
Signing in with two or more proofs of identity, such as a password plus a code from an app, which makes stolen passwords less useful.
In simple words Using two different checks to prove it is really you.
Example After typing your password, you also enter a code sent to your phone.
Used in courses 1.3 1.3.4 1.8 1.8.2 1.8.3 1.8.4 2.13.4 5.7.2 5.7.3 5.9.2 5.18 5.19
Related Phishing, Password manager
Activities that make your muscles work against resistance, such as bodyweight exercises. Health guidance suggests doing them on a few days a week.
In simple words Exercise that makes muscles stronger.
Example Squats and push-ups.
Used in courses 9.11.2 9.14 9.14.2 10.1 10.1.4 10.4 10.4.2 10.4.3 10.4.4
Related Progression, Talk test
Permission to use a song in your video. Sync licences cover the composition with picture, and master use licences cover the specific recording. Keep a record of any licence.
In simple words Permission paper that lets you use a song.
Example You save the licence receipt for the track used in your video.
Used in courses 2.9.1 3.2 4.2 4.4.2 4.7.2 4.7.3 4.7.4 8.7.3 11.3 11.3.3 11.3.4 11.4
Related Royalty-free, Content ID
A pool of money from many investors that a manager uses to buy a mix of investments.
In simple words A big basket of investments bought together by lots of people.
Example Many people each put in money, and the fund buys many different holdings.
Used in courses 5.3.2 5.3.4 5.4 5.4.2 5.4.4 5.5.4 5.19
Related ETF, Index fund, MER (management expense ratio)
French vowel sounds made with air through the nose, such as in 'bon', 'vin' and 'France'.
In simple words Vowel sounds said through your nose.
Example 'Bon' does not have a hard 'n' at the end.
Used in courses 6.5
Related Accent mark
A seven-note scale with a darker or sadder sound. A minor uses only the white keys.
In simple words A set of notes that sounds sadder.
Example A, B, C, D, E, F, G, A.
Used in courses 3.2 3.9.4 3.11.3 3.11.4 5.1.2 7.5.3 7.5.4 9.8.2 9.8.3 10.2.4 10.3.3 11.4
Related Major scale, Chord
The National Coaching Certification Program, Canada's coach training and certification system.
In simple words Canada's training program for coaches.
Example A new coach takes an NCCP course before teaching a group.
Used in courses 10.1 10.1.4 10.2 10.2.2 10.2.3 10.2.4 10.3 10.3.1 10.3.3 10.3.4 10.4.3 10.4.4
Related Rule of two, Safe sport
A way to talk about the future using 'to go' plus an infinitive, such as 'voy a comer' or 'je vais manger'.
In simple words A simple way to say what you are going to do soon.
Example 'Je vais partir' means I am going to leave.
Related Infinitive, Tense
A privacy idea: be able to show that using a tool is really needed and likely to work, and consider a less intrusive option first.
In simple words Ask whether you really need it, and whether something gentler would work.
Example Instead of recording every customer call with AI, you test a short written summary form first.
Related PIPEDA, Data minimisation
Making a sentence mean 'not'. French uses two parts such as 'ne ... pas'; Tagalog uses 'hindi'.
In simple words Making a sentence say 'not'.
Example 'Je ne mange pas' means I do not eat.
Related Word order
A tiny filtering unit in the kidney that cleans blood through filtration, reabsorption and secretion. GFR measures filtering rate.
In simple words A tiny filter in the kidney.
Example Each kidney has about a million nephrons.
Used in courses 15.5.2
Related Homeostasis
What is left after all costs and expenses are taken out of your sales. It can be negative, which is a loss.
In simple words The money you really keep after paying for everything.
Example Sales $5,000, all costs $4,200, so net profit is $800.
Used in courses 2.3.2 2.4 2.4.3 2.13 2.13.2 2.13.3 2.15.2 2.15.3 2.17.2 2.19.4 2.20 2.20.2
Related Gross profit, Profit and loss statement
A survey score based on how likely customers are to recommend you to others, used to track satisfaction.
In simple words A score for how many customers would tell friends about you.
Example You ask "How likely are you to recommend us?" on a scale and track the results over time.
Used in courses 2.12 2.12.2 2.12.3 2.12.4 15.2.4
Related Repeat buyer
Building real relationships with people in your field to share advice and learn about opportunities, without pressure or automation.
In simple words Getting to know people who work in the area you like.
Example Sending a short, kind note and asking for advice, not a job.
Used in courses 7.8.4 7.9 7.9.3 7.9.4 7.10 7.10.2 7.10.3 7.10.4 8.1.2 8.1.3 8.3 8.3.2
A nerve cell that sends signals. It has a cell body, dendrites that receive and an axon that sends, often wrapped in myelin.
In simple words A nerve cell that carries messages.
Example Touching something hot sends a signal along neurons.
Used in courses 15.5.2
Related Cell
An object keeps doing what it is doing, staying still or moving in a straight line at steady speed, unless a net force acts on it. Also called the law of inertia.
In simple words Things keep doing what they are doing until something pushes or pulls them.
Example A ball rolling on smooth ice keeps going until friction or something else slows it.
Used in courses 15.1 15.3 15.3.4
Related Newton's second law, Newton's third law, Force
The net force on an object equals its mass times its acceleration (F = m x a). A bigger force gives more acceleration; a bigger mass gives less.
In simple words A bigger push makes something speed up more, and heavy things speed up less.
Example The same push moves an empty cart faster than a full one.
Used in courses 15.1 15.1.3 15.3.2 15.3.4
Related Force, Acceleration, Mass
When one object pushes on another, the second pushes back on the first with an equal force in the opposite direction.
In simple words Every push gets an equal push back.
Example A rocket pushes gas down and the gas pushes the rocket up.
Used in courses 15.1 15.3 15.3.2 15.3.4 15.10
Related Newton's first law, Thrust, Force
A shortened scoring method where there is no advantage; at deuce, the next point wins the game.
In simple words One deciding point at a tie.
Example At 40-40 the next point decides the game.
An audio tool that lowers steady background sounds such as hum, fans or traffic so speech is easier to hear. Too much can make a voice sound thin or robotic.
In simple words A button that makes the background quieter so your voice is clearer.
Example A voice recorded next to a fan is cleaned at a low setting until the hum is gone but the voice still sounds natural.
Used in courses 4.2.3 4.4.2 4.6 4.6.2 4.9.2 4.10
Related Loudness
Editing that keeps the original file unchanged, so you can undo or change edits later.
In simple words Editing without ruining the original.
Example You adjust brightness, but the original photo stays safe.
Related RAW, 3-2-1 backup
The area next to the net in pickleball, called the kitchen, where you may not hit the ball out of the air.
In simple words The no-volley square next to the net.
Example Your foot touches the kitchen line while you hit a volley, which is a fault.
Related Two-bounce rule, Volley
The push a surface gives back on an object resting on it, acting at right angles to the surface.
In simple words The table pushing back up on a book.
Example The floor pushes up on you with a normal force.
Used in courses 15.3.2
Related Free-body diagram, Friction
How long a note lasts, such as whole, half, quarter or eighth. A tie joins two notes into one longer sound and a dot adds half the note's length.
In simple words How long a note is held.
Example A half note lasts for two beats in 4/4 time.
Used in courses 14.10.4
Related Beat, Rest, Time signature
A document from the Canada Revenue Agency summarising your tax return and any refund or balance owing.
In simple words A paper from the tax agency that shows how your tax return turned out.
Example It confirms your income for the year.
Used in courses 2.11.2 5.3 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.8.4 8.5.2
Related Canada Child Benefit (CCB)
A small change to the way choices are presented that gently guides behaviour without forbidding anything. The course notes nudge effects are often small.
In simple words A little push toward a good choice.
Example Putting fruit at eye level in a cafeteria.
In SQL, a marker for a missing or unknown value. It is not zero or an empty string.
In simple words A mark that means 'no value'.
Example An order with no ship date has NULL in that column.
Used in courses 5.10.3 5.10.4 7.1.3 7.2.2 7.3.3 7.3.4 7.4 7.4.2 7.4.3 7.4.4 7.5.2 7.7
The label on packaged foods showing a serving size and nutrient amounts, so you can compare products.
In simple words The box on a food package that lists what is in it.
Example You compare the sodium in two soups.
Used in courses 10.5 10.5.2 10.5.4
Related Ingredient list, % Daily Value
The share of available nights or rooms that were actually booked in a period.
In simple words How often your rooms were full instead of empty.
Example A homestay booked 15 of 30 nights, so occupancy is 50 percent.
Used in courses 2.26 2.26.2 2.26.4
Related Break-even point
The distance between one note and the next note with the same name, higher or lower.
In simple words The same note, higher or lower.
Example Two Cs on a piano, one higher than the other.
Used in courses 11.4 11.4.3 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.10 14.10.4 14.11
Related Major scale, Half step
Rhythms with an unusual number of beats per bar, such as 5 or 7, often counted as groups of 2s and 3s.
In simple words Music that counts in groups that are not the usual four.
Example A bar of 7/4 can be counted as 2 + 2 + 3.
Used in courses 14.9
Related Time signature, Beat
The rule that voltage equals current times resistance (V = I x R). It is used to choose a resistor for an LED.
In simple words A formula linking push, flow and resistance in a circuit.
Example If voltage stays the same and resistance doubles, current halves.
Used in courses 15.7 15.7.3 15.7.4
Related Electric current, LED
Microsoft's cloud storage service. Files are stored online so you can open them from different devices and share them.
In simple words A place on the internet where your files are saved.
Example You save an essay to OneDrive at home and open it at school.
Used in courses 7.1 7.1.4 7.10.3 13.1 13.1.3 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.5.4 13.6 13.6.2 13.6.3
Related Cloud sync, Version history, SharePoint
Ontario's free call-before-you-dig service (formerly Ontario One Call). Request a locate at least 5 business days before digging so buried utility lines are marked.
In simple words A free call to find buried pipes and wires before digging.
Example Requesting a locate before building a fence.
Used in courses 2.24 2.24.2 12.3 12.3.2
Related Building permit
Open rate is the share of recipients who opened an email; click rate is the share who clicked a link. Open rates are unreliable because of privacy features such as Apple Mail Privacy Protection.
In simple words How many people opened your email and how many clicked inside it.
Example 100 people receive your email and 5 click the link, so the click rate is 5 percent.
Used in courses 2.6.3 3.1 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.2.4 3.4.3 3.5 3.5.2 3.5.3 3.13.4
Related Email service provider (ESP), Subject line
A LinkedIn setting that signals you are looking for a job, visible to all members or only recruiters.
In simple words A LinkedIn setting that tells others you want a job.
Example Choosing 'recruiters only' keeps it hidden from other members.
Used in courses 8.3
Related LinkedIn headline
A pattern where one model decides the subtasks as it goes and hands them to helper models, used when the steps cannot be planned in advance.
In simple words One boss AI decides the jobs and gives them to helper AIs.
Example A research agent chooses which sources to look up next based on what it has found.
The person who schedules a meeting and controls its settings. Presenters share content; attendees mainly watch and join in.
In simple words The person in charge of setting up the meeting.
Example The organizer can make a classmate a presenter so they can share their screen.
Used in courses 2.8 2.9.1 2.10.3 10.7.2 10.8 10.8.2 10.9.2 11.3.2 13.1.4 13.5 13.5.2 13.5.3
Related Microsoft Teams, Channel
A value that is far from the others in a data set. It can pull the mean up or down.
In simple words One number that is very different from the rest.
Example In the scores 70, 72, 75, 10, the 10 is an outlier.
Used in courses 7.3 7.3.2 10.9.2 13.2.2 15.6.2 15.6.4 15.9.3 15.9.4
A plan for a piece of writing that lists the main points and their order before you write the full text.
In simple words A quick plan of what goes first, second and third.
Example Introduction, three body points with evidence, and a conclusion.
Used in courses 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.6.2 1.7.4 1.8.3 1.8.4 1.10 1.10.3 1.10.4 1.11.4 2.1.4
Related Thesis, Topic sentence
An automatic instruction that acts on incoming mail, such as moving messages from a sender into a folder.
In simple words A setting that sorts your email for you.
Example A rule moves every email from the school newsletter into a folder.
Used in courses 13.4.2
Related Focused Inbox
Judging a task by how long similar tasks took for you or others, rather than by your own hopeful picture.
In simple words Checking how long it took before, not how long you hope it will take.
Example Your last three reports each took two days, so you plan two days.
Used in courses 9.3.3 9.10.2 10.1.4
Related Planning fallacy, Buffer time
Trusting your own skill or knowledge more than the evidence supports.
In simple words Thinking you are better at something than you really are.
Example A few lucky results make a beginner feel sure they cannot lose.
Used in courses 5.4.2 5.5 5.11.2 5.11.3 5.12 5.17 9.3.2
Related Confirmation bias
Tuning a strategy so closely to past data that it looks great on that history but fails on new data.
In simple words Making a plan fit old results so tightly that it fails on new ones.
Example A rule with ten tweaks that perfectly fits last year may fail this year.
Used in courses 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.10 5.10.2 5.10.3 5.10.4 5.11 5.12
Related Backtest, In-sample and out-of-sample
A powerful shot hit above your head, like a serve, usually to answer a high lob.
In simple words A smash hit above your head.
Example A high ball comes over you, and you hit it down hard.
Used in courses 2.4 2.6.3 2.16.3 2.16.4 2.21.4 2.23 2.23.2 2.23.3 2.24 2.24.2 2.24.3 7.4.3
Related Approach shot, Volley
When an outside reward reduces your original interest in something you used to enjoy.
In simple words When getting a prize makes you like the thing less.
Example A child who loved drawing draws less once she is paid for it.
Used in courses 9.12.2
Related Intrinsic motivation, Extrinsic motivation
The hours when team members in different time zones are all working, used for live meetings.
In simple words The hours when everyone on the team is awake and working.
Example Two hours each day when all six time zones are working.
Used in courses 8.6.2
Related Asynchronous (async)
Adverts you pay for, often charged per click (CPC) or per thousand views, on platforms like Google or Meta.
In simple words Ads you pay for each time someone clicks or sees them.
Example You pay a small amount each time someone clicks your ad.
Used in courses 2.6.3 3.1 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.6 3.9.3 3.9.4 3.12 4.2.4 4.3 4.3.2 4.3.4
Related ROAS (return on ad spend), Quality Score, Learning phase
A quick sauce made in the same pan used to cook meat, using the browned bits and a liquid.
In simple words A quick sauce made in the same pan.
Example Adding stock to a pan after cooking chicken.
Practising with pretend money in a simulated account to learn without real risk. Real trading adds emotions and costs.
In simple words Practising with pretend money.
Example A learner follows a practice account to try the rules with no real money.
Used in courses 5.5 5.10 5.10.2 5.11 5.11.3 5.11.4 5.12 5.13 5.18 5.21 5.22
Related Backtest
Parking a car in line with the curb between two other cars, usually by reversing into the space.
In simple words Backing into a spot beside the curb.
Example A driving test may ask you to parallel park.
Used in courses 12.5.2
Related Three-point turn, Road test
Restating an idea from a source fully in your own words and sentence structure. You still have to cite the source.
In simple words Saying someone else's idea in your own words.
Example The author wrote that sleep helps memory; you write that rest helps the brain store what you learned, and cite the author.
Used in courses 1.10 1.10.2 1.10.3 5.2.4 6.1.4 6.2.4 6.5.3 6.7 9.2.3 9.7 13.11 13.11.2
Related Plagiarism, Signal phrase, Citation
The idea that work expands to fill the time you give it.
In simple words If you give a job a lot of time, it takes a lot of time.
Example A one-hour task stretches to a whole afternoon.
Used in courses 9.5
Related Planning fallacy, Time blocking
A small word that does not change form but adds meaning or politeness, such as 'po' in Tagalog or 'wa' in Japanese.
In simple words A tiny word that adds a little meaning or politeness.
Example Adding 'po' to a Tagalog sentence makes it respectful.
A copywriting pattern: name the Problem, stir up the Agitation by showing what it costs, then present the Solution.
In simple words Say the problem, show why it hurts, then give the fix.
Example "Tired of messy invoices? Late payments pile up. Here is a simple template."
Used in courses 3.4 3.4.2 3.4.3 6.5 6.5.2 6.5.3 6.5.4 14.8
Related AIDA, Call to action (CTA)
A long password made of several random words. Length makes it hard to guess while still being memorable.
In simple words A password made of a few random words strung together.
Example Four unrelated words joined together instead of a short word with a number.
Used in courses 5.7.2 5.9.2 7.7.3 7.8 7.8.2 7.11.3 8.6 13.1.3 13.12.3 13.15 13.15.2 13.15.4
An app that stores unique, strong passwords for your accounts so you only remember one main password.
In simple words A locked box on your device that remembers all your passwords.
Example The manager fills in a different long password for each website.
Used in courses 1.8 2.1.4 2.28.4 5.7.2 5.9.2 5.18 5.19 7.6.4 7.7.4 7.8 7.8.2 7.10.3
Related Passphrase, Multi-factor authentication
The most common French past tense for finished actions, built from avoir or être plus a past participle.
In simple words The usual French past tense, made with a helper verb.
Example 'J'ai mangé' means I ate or I have eaten.
Related Imperfect (imperfecto), Past participle, Auxiliary verb
A verb form used with 'have' or 'be' to make perfect tenses, such as eaten, comido or mangé.
In simple words A verb form used to build past tenses.
Example In 'I have eaten', 'eaten' is the past participle.
Used in courses 6.4.2 6.4.3 6.4.4 6.5.2 6.5.3 6.5.4
Related Present perfect, Passé composé
Heated to kill harmful germs. Many dairy products and some eggs are pasteurized for safety.
In simple words Heated so germs are killed.
Example Pasteurized milk.
Used in courses 12.1.2
Related Cross-contamination
A software update that fixes security holes or bugs.
In simple words A fix for a problem in a program.
Example Installing an update closes a known security hole.
Used in courses 2.23 2.23.3 2.23.4 3.2.4 5.5.3 7.5.3 7.7.3 7.8 7.8.2 7.8.4 7.10.3 10.7.4
Related Ransomware, Firewall
Changing a few words of someone's sentence and calling it your own. It is not real paraphrasing, which starts from your understanding.
In simple words Copying a sentence and only swapping a couple of words.
Example Replacing "big" with "large" in a copied sentence is patchwriting.
Used in courses 1.10.2 13.11 13.11.4
Related Lateral reading, Distributed practice
The location of a file or folder. An absolute path starts at the top; a relative path starts from where you are.
In simple words The address of a file on your computer.
Example /Users/ana/Documents/report.txt is an absolute path.
Used in courses 1.2.4 1.3.3 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.8.3 1.8.4 1.9 2.3.3
Related Terminal
How long it takes for a purchase or investment to earn back what it cost.
In simple words How long until it has paid for itself.
Example A $600 oven that adds $200 profit a month pays back in three months.
Used in courses 2.6.3 2.16.3 2.16.4 2.18.4 2.31.2 2.31.4
Related Break-even point
The agreed rules for when and how a customer must pay, such as due on receipt or within a set number of days.
In simple words The rule about when you have to be paid.
Example "Invoice due within 14 days; a deposit is paid before work starts."
Used in courses 1.3 2.4.4 2.5 2.6.4 2.8 2.11 2.11.2 2.11.3 2.11.4 2.13.2 2.14 2.14.2
Amounts an employer takes from pay and sends to the government, such as income tax and pension contributions, and then reports.
In simple words The money taken out of a paycheque and sent to the government.
Example An employee's pay slip shows tax and pension amounts taken off before they get paid.
A file format that keeps a document looking the same on any device. It is good for sharing a finished copy.
In simple words A file that looks the same on every computer.
Example You save your finished essay as a PDF to send to your teacher.
Used in courses 1.1.2 1.3 1.3.4 1.4 1.6 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.6.4 1.8.2 1.8.3 1.8.4 1.10.4
Related File extension
A process where other experts check a study before a journal publishes it. It is a quality check, not a guarantee that the study is right.
In simple words Other experts check a study before it is printed.
Example A journal asks two experts to read an article and point out problems before it is published.
Used in courses 1.2.4 1.8.3 1.8.4 2.11.4 2.12.4 2.28.4 3.1.4 3.2.4 3.3.3 3.3.4 3.7.4 3.8.4
Related DOI, Primary source
A five-note scale widely used for riffs and solos. The major and minor versions use different sets of five notes.
In simple words A five-note scale that sounds good almost everywhere.
Example A minor pentatonic uses the notes A, C, D, E and G.
Used in courses 14.1.4 14.2 14.3 14.6 14.12
Related Blues scale, Major scale
How much a value went up or down compared with where it started, written as a percentage of the starting value.
In simple words How much something grew or shrank, out of 100.
Example A price rising from 50 to 60 is a 20% increase.
Used in courses 2.4.3 2.20.2 2.31 7.3 7.4.3 13.2.2 13.14 13.14.2 13.14.3 13.14.4 13.15.3
The difference between two percentages. It is not the same as percent change.
In simple words How many points apart two percentages are.
Example Going from 10% to 15% is 5 percentage points, or a 50% increase.
Used in courses 2.22.2 3.5.4 5.1.3 5.7.4 5.10.3 5.11.3 5.13 5.15 5.16 5.17 7.3 7.3.2
Related Correlation
The right to authorise or be paid for public performance of a musical work, such as at a concert or on the radio.
In simple words The right to be paid when your song is played in public.
Example A venue pays for live music licences.
Used in courses 2.9.1 4.7.2 4.7.3 4.7.4 8.7.3 11.3 11.3.2 11.3.3 11.3.4 11.4 11.4.2 11.4.3
A person who has been allowed to live in Canada long-term but is not a citizen.
In simple words Someone allowed to live in Canada for a long time.
Example A permanent resident can work and use public health care.
Used in courses 2.29.4 6.1 6.2 7.6 8.2.2 8.5 8.5.2 8.5.3 8.5.4
Related SIN (Social Insurance Number)
What people know and trust you for, built from what you share, how you show up and the proof you keep.
In simple words What people think of when they hear your name.
Example A coach known for simple, honest fitness tips.
Used in courses 2.23.3 3.10 3.10.2 3.10.3 3.10.4 8.3.3 8.3.4 11.1.2
Related Content pillars, Brand voice
Safety gear, such as glasses, gloves, masks and hearing protection, that protects you while working.
In simple words Safety gear that keeps you safe while working.
Example Safety glasses when using a drill.
Used in courses 2.16.4 2.24.4 6.1 10.7.4 12.3.2 15.4.3 15.4.4
Related Three-point contact
A scale that shows how acidic or basic a liquid is. Below 7 is acidic, 7 is neutral and above 7 is basic.
In simple words A scale that tells how sour or soapy a liquid is.
Example Lemon juice is acidic and soap is basic.
Used in courses 15.4
Related Chemical reaction
The changing shape of the lit part of the Moon we see as it orbits Earth over about a month.
In simple words The Moon looking round, half or thin at different times.
Example New moon, crescent, quarter, gibbous and full.
Used in courses 1.5.1 1.10.3 2.5.3 2.12.3 2.18.4 3.2.4 3.8.3 3.13 3.13.1 3.13.3 4.4.4 7.1.3
Related Eclipse
A scam message that pretends to be someone trusted to trick you into giving passwords, money or clicking a bad link. AI can make these look more convincing.
In simple words A fake message that tries to trick you into giving away secrets.
Example An email that looks like your bank asks you to click a link to confirm your password.
Used in courses 1.3 1.7 1.8 1.8.2 2.13.4 3.7.4 5.1.4 5.2.2 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.7.2
Related Prompt injection
Messages that pretend to be from a trusted source to trick you into giving passwords, codes or money.
In simple words Fake messages that try to trick you.
Example An email pretending to be your bank asks you to log in.
Used in courses 1.3 1.7 1.8 1.8.2 2.13.4 3.7.4 5.1.4 5.2.2 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.7.2
A change that does not make a new substance, such as melting or dissolving. A chemical change makes new substances.
In simple words A change where it is still the same stuff.
Example Ice melting is still water.
Used in courses 15.4 15.4.2 15.4.4
Related Chemical reaction, States of matter
A command that tests if another device is reachable and how long a reply takes.
In simple words A test that asks 'are you there?' and measures the answer time.
Example Pinging a website to check the connection.
Used in courses 7.10 7.10.2 10.1 13.4.3 13.5
Related IP address, DNS
A standard small unit of price movement in a currency pair, used to measure changes in an exchange rate.
In simple words A tiny step in a currency price.
Example If a pair moves from 1.1000 to 1.1001, that is one pip in many pairs.
Used in courses 1.4 1.4.3 5.6 5.6.1 5.20 5.21 6.7 7.5.2 7.5.3 7.5.4
Canada's federal privacy law for the private sector. It covers how businesses collect, use and share personal information in commercial activity. Some provinces have their own similar laws.
In simple words A Canadian rule about how businesses must treat people's private information.
Example A shop that stores customer emails has to handle them as the privacy law requires.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.6 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.6.4 1.7 1.7.3
A spreadsheet tool that summarises a large table by grouping rows and totalling values, without changing the original data.
In simple words A tool that quickly sums up a big table in different ways.
Example A pivot table can total sales for each month from a list of orders.
Used in courses 2.3.3 2.3.4 2.8.3 7.1.2 7.2 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.3.3 10.8.2 10.8.3 13.2.3 14.7
Related Slicer, Data validation, Table (spreadsheet)
Using someone else's words or ideas as if they were your own, without giving credit. It can be copying, close rewording or reusing your own earlier work without saying so.
In simple words Pretending someone else's work is yours.
Example Copying a paragraph from a website into your essay without quotation marks or a source is plagiarism.
Used in courses 1.10.2 1.10.4 13.1 13.1.2 13.10 13.10.2 13.11 13.11.2 13.11.3 13.11.4 13.12.3 15.4.3
Related Patchwriting, Citation, Paraphrase
The casual dictionary form of Japanese verbs and adjectives, used with friends and family.
In simple words The casual way to say a Japanese verb.
Example 'たべる' is the plain form; 'たべます' is polite.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4 1.4.1
Related Polite form (masu), Register
A Claude Code mode where Claude shows you its plan first and makes no changes until you approve.
In simple words The AI tells you its plan before it touches anything.
Example You ask for a to-do web page and review the plan before any file is created.
Used in courses 1.4.4 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.12 7.11.4
Related Claude Code, Tool permissions
The habit of guessing that a task will take less time than it really does, even when past tasks took longer.
In simple words Thinking a job will be quicker than it turns out to be.
Example You plan one hour for an essay that takes three.
Used in courses 9.3.3 9.5 9.5.2 9.5.3 9.10.2 9.10.3 12.3.3
Related Outside view, Buffer time
A package that bundles skills, connectors and sub-agents together so they can be installed in one go.
In simple words A starter pack that adds several abilities at once.
Example A sales plugin that adds a quote skill and a CRM connector.
Used in courses 1.5.4 1.12 3.2.3 3.8.2 7.6.4 13.11.3 13.12.3
A tool for clearing clogs. A cup plunger is for sinks and tubs; a flange plunger is for toilets.
In simple words A rubber tool for unclogging drains.
Example Using a flange plunger on a toilet.
Used in courses 12.3
Related Flapper
An image file type that supports sharp edges and transparent backgrounds. Often used for logos and web graphics.
In simple words A picture file that can have a see-through background.
Example A logo saved as PNG with no white box.
Used in courses 1.1.2 1.7.3 1.11 3.8.2 4.5 4.5.2 4.5.3 4.10 5.7.3 7.7.4 7.11.2 8.7.2
Related Flatten PDF
A simple planned shape for an episode, such as an intro, a main topic with questions, and a clear ending with one action for listeners.
In simple words The order of what you say in a podcast episode.
Example Welcome, the guest story, three questions and one thing to try.
Related Podcast host, Guest release
A service that stores your audio files and creates the RSS feed so your podcast can reach listening apps.
In simple words The website that keeps your podcast files and sends them to apps.
Example You upload each episode to the host, which updates your feed.
Used in courses 4.6
Related Podcast RSS feed
A web address that lists a podcast's episodes and details so apps like Apple Podcasts and Spotify can show and update them automatically.
In simple words A link that lets podcast apps find your new episodes.
Example You paste your feed into a podcast app directory once and new episodes appear.
Used in courses 4.6 4.6.2 4.6.4
Related Show notes, Podcast host
The standard polite Japanese verb ending ます, used with people you do not know well.
In simple words The polite way to end Japanese verbs.
Example 'たべます' is the polite form of 'to eat'.
Used in courses 6.3.4 6.4.3 6.4.4 6.6.2
Related Plain form, Register
A time-management method of working in focused blocks, commonly 25 minutes, separated by short breaks.
In simple words Work hard for a short timer, then take a short rest.
Example Study for 25 minutes, rest for 5, and repeat.
Used in courses 9.5 9.5.2 13.12 13.12.2
Related Spaced practice
All the investments someone holds together.
In simple words Everything you own as investments, all together.
Example A portfolio might hold some funds, some bonds and some cash.
Used in courses 1.10.4 1.11.4 2.2 2.5.4 2.8 2.8.4 2.9.4 2.10.3 2.10.4 2.11 2.11.3 2.11.4
Related Asset mix, Diversification, Rebalancing
How many units or how much money is put into one trade, worked out from the risk you are willing to take.
In simple words How big your bet is.
Example If $10 is at risk and the stop is $0.50 away, the size is 20 units (math only).
Used in courses 5.5 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.6 5.11.3 5.12 5.21 5.22
Related Risk per trade, Stop-loss
A form that shows who owns something, such as 'my', 'her' or 'ang bahay ni Joy'.
In simple words A word that shows who something belongs to.
Example 'My book' and 'Maria's book' are possessive.
How fast work is done or energy is used, measured in watts.
In simple words How quickly energy is used.
Example A 60-watt bulb uses energy faster than a 10-watt bulb.
Used in courses 1.4 1.4.4 1.11.3 1.11.4 1.12 2.1.4 2.2.2 2.5.4 2.6.4 2.8.3 2.9 2.9.3
A two or three-note guitar chord made of the root and fifth, commonly used in rock and played with distortion.
In simple words A simple, strong two-note guitar chord.
Example G5 uses just the G and D notes.
Used in courses 14.2
Related Barre chord, Interval
Imagining a plan has already failed and listing why, so you can fix weak points beforehand.
In simple words Pretending the plan failed to find what could go wrong.
Example Before an event, listing reasons it might fail and preparing for each.
Used in courses 3.13.3 5.11.3 9.3 9.3.3 9.4.3 9.11.3
Related Confirmation bias, Sunk cost
The tendency to value what you get now more than a bigger reward later.
In simple words Wanting a treat now instead of a bigger one later.
Example Choosing a video over studying for a test next week.
Related Commitment device, Self-discipline
A tense made with 'have' and a past participle, such as 'he comido' (I have eaten), linking the past to now.
In simple words A past tense that says what you have done up to now.
Example 'He terminado' means I have finished.
Used in courses 6.4.3
Related Past participle, Preterite (pretérito)
A sealed pot that heats jars above boiling temperature, needed to safely can low-acid foods at home.
In simple words A special pot for safely canning low-acid foods.
Example Canning vegetables in a pressure canner.
Used in courses 12.2.2
Related Boiling water canner, High-acid foods
The Spanish past tense for completed actions, such as 'ayer llegué a las cinco'.
In simple words The past tense for something that clearly finished.
Example 'Comí a las dos' means I ate at two.
Used in courses 6.4.2 6.4.3 6.4.4
Related Imperfect (imperfecto), Present perfect
How much the number of buyers changes when the price changes. If a small price rise loses many buyers, demand is elastic.
In simple words How much people stop buying when the price goes up.
Example A cafe raises coffee by a small amount and sales barely change, so demand is not very sensitive.
Used in courses 2.4.3 2.17 5.10.2 5.11
Related Pricing floor, Decoy option
The lowest price you can charge and still cover your costs and any profit you need. Below it, each sale loses money.
In simple words The lowest price you can charge without losing money.
Example If a bag costs you $6 to make and sell, you do not go below $6.
Used in courses 2.4 2.4.3 2.15 2.31.2
Related Markup, Break-even point
A column whose values uniquely identify each row in a table.
In simple words A unique ID for each row.
Example A customer ID number.
Used in courses 7.3.4 7.4 7.4.2 7.4.3 7.4.4 7.7.3
Related Foreign key, Relational database
An original record from the time or person being studied, such as a diary, photograph, data set or interview. Secondary sources discuss and interpret primary ones.
In simple words The original thing itself, not someone's retelling of it.
Example A letter written during an event is a primary source; a textbook chapter about it is secondary.
Used in courses 1.10.2 1.11.3 1.11.4 2.3.3 2.4.4 2.6.4 2.18.4 2.19 2.19.3 2.26 2.26.2 2.26.4
Related Annotated bibliography, Lateral reading
A negotiation method that focuses on interests rather than positions, looks for options that help both sides, and uses fair standards.
In simple words Negotiating by looking for fair solutions that work for both sides.
Example Instead of arguing over a price, both sides ask what each really needs.
Used in courses 2.14.2 6.1.3 9.7
Related BATNA
Extra image or colour that extends past the trim edge, so no white strip shows after the page is cut.
In simple words Extra picture past the edge so cutting does not leave white lines.
Example A background colour runs a little beyond the page edge before trimming.
Used in courses 11.1 11.1.2 11.1.3
Related Margins, Flatten PDF
How urgent a support ticket is, often decided by its impact and urgency.
In simple words How quickly a problem needs fixing.
Example A problem stopping many people has high priority.
Used in courses 1.5.3 1.6.4 2.5 2.11.3 2.12.2 2.12.3 2.18.3 2.19.3 2.19.4 2.20.4 2.21 2.21.3
Related Ticket, Service level agreement (SLA)
The main foods that must be clearly named on Canadian food labels because they cause many serious allergic reactions.
In simple words The foods that most often cause serious allergies.
Example Peanuts and milk are listed clearly on the label.
Used in courses 2.9.1 2.18.3 2.19.3 2.21 2.21.3 2.21.4 10.5.2 10.5.3 12.1.3 12.1.4 12.2 12.2.2
Related Ingredient list, Nutrition Facts table
Options in an app or account that control who can see your information and what the app can collect.
In simple words Switches that decide who can see your stuff.
Example Setting your profile to private so only approved friends see your photos.
Used in courses 1.1 1.3 1.8 1.8.2 1.11 1.11.4 5.18 13.7.2 13.8.3 13.15 13.15.2 13.15.3
Related Digital footprint
A secret code that proves you control crypto at a public address and lets you move it. Losing it can mean losing access for good.
In simple words A secret code that lets you spend your crypto.
Example A private key is like the PIN that approves a payment from your address.
Used in courses 1.5.4 5.9 5.9.2 7.7.4 7.9.2 7.11.3 7.11.4
Related Recovery phrase, Self-custody wallet
Goals about the actions you will do, rather than the final result. They are within your control.
In simple words Goals about what you will do, not what you will get.
Example Practise guitar 15 minutes daily (process) instead of become a great guitarist (outcome).
Used in courses 9.7.4 9.10 9.10.2 9.11 10.9.2
Related Self-concordant goals, SMART goals
Praise that names the effort, strategy or improvement, rather than praising fixed ability.
In simple words Praising the work someone did, not saying they are just smart.
Example You tried three different ways to solve it, well done.
Used in courses 9.9 9.9.2 9.9.4 9.13.4
Related Growth mindset, Deliberate practice
A report that lists income and expenses over a period and shows whether the business made a profit or a loss.
In simple words A report card that shows if you made or lost money this month.
Example For March: income $3,000, expenses $2,400, profit $600.
Used in courses 2.1.4 2.3.2 2.13 2.13.2 2.13.3 2.19.4 2.23.4 2.31.3 2.31.4 5.4.3 5.4.4 5.16
Related Balance sheet, Net profit
Gradually making exercise a little harder over time, with more reps, longer time or a harder version, so the body adapts safely.
In simple words Making exercise a bit harder step by step.
Example Moving from wall push-ups to knee push-ups.
Used in courses 10.3.3 10.4.2 10.4.3 10.4.4 11.4 11.4.2 11.4.3 14.2 14.3 14.4.4 14.5 14.6
Related Muscle-strengthening, Rest days
How skills work: Claude first sees only each skill's name and short description, and opens the full instructions only when a request matches.
In simple words The AI only opens the full instructions when it needs them.
Example Dozens of skills can be installed without filling up Claude's working space.
Related Skill, Context window, Token
A way of teaching children using smaller courts, slower balls and shorter racquets, in stages often shown by colours: red, orange and green.
In simple words Tennis with smaller courts and softer balls for kids.
Example A young child plays on a short court with a soft red ball.
Used in courses 10.1 10.3.3 10.3.4
Related Active Start
A temporary effort with a start and end that creates something unique, unlike ongoing operations.
In simple words A one-time job with a start and an end.
Example Planning one event is a project; running a shop every day is operations.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4
Related Scope, Project charter
A workspace in Claude that keeps related chats, files and instructions together, so Claude has the same background every time.
In simple words A folder where the AI keeps everything about one job.
Example A "Bakery marketing" project with your price list and tone of voice.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4
Related Project instructions, Project knowledge
A short document that approves a project and states its goal, scope and who is responsible.
In simple words A short paper that says what the project is and who is in charge.
Example A charter states a SMART goal and names the sponsor.
Used in courses 2.12.4 2.28.4 3.11.4 5.5.4 5.7.4 5.8.3 5.11.4 6.1 6.5 6.5.2 7.8.4 8.4
Related Scope, Stakeholders
Standing instructions you write once for a Project, which Claude follows in every chat inside it.
In simple words Rules you write once so the AI follows them every time in that folder.
Example "Always answer in short sentences and mention our return policy when asked about refunds."
Used in courses 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.2.4 1.3 1.4 1.4.1 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.11 1.11.3 1.11.4 1.12
Related Project (Claude), Project knowledge, CLAUDE.md
The files and notes you add to a Project so Claude can use them as reference material in its answers.
In simple words The papers you put in the folder for the AI to read.
Example Uploading your menu and price list so replies use the right prices.
Used in courses 1.3 1.4 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.11 1.11.3
Related Project (Claude), Context window
The instruction or question you give an AI tool. A clear prompt says the task, the context and what a good answer looks like.
In simple words The message you type to tell the AI what you want.
Example "Write three friendly subject lines for my bakery newsletter, under eight words each."
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4
Related Prompt template, Few-shot prompting, Prompt library
A job split into several small steps, where each step's output becomes the next step's input.
In simple words Doing a big task as a line of small steps, one after another.
Example Step 1 summarises a long email, step 2 lists the actions, step 3 drafts the reply.
Used in courses 1.1.3 1.2 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.3.3 1.4 1.6 1.6.2 1.8.2 2.2 2.9.4 2.16.2
Related Decomposition, Routing, Step contract
Hidden or sneaky instructions inside text, files or web pages that try to make an AI ignore its real instructions.
In simple words A trick where someone hides a command inside text to boss the AI around.
Example A web page contains hidden text telling the AI to reveal your private notes.
Used in courses 1.1.4 1.2.4 1.3.3 1.4.1 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.5.4 1.8.2 1.8.4 1.11.3 1.11.4 1.12
Related Red-teaming, Least privilege, Human in the loop
A saved collection of your best prompts, labelled so you or your team can find and reuse them.
In simple words A folder of your best messages to the AI, saved so you do not start over.
Example A shared document with prompts for quotes, replies and weekly reports.
Used in courses 1.1.2 1.2 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.6.3 1.6.4 1.7.2 1.7.3 1.7.4
Related Prompt template, Versioned prompt
A reusable prompt with blanks you fill in each time, so the output stays consistent.
In simple words A fill-in-the-blanks message you can use again and again.
Example "Write a reply to [customer name] about [problem] in a calm, friendly tone."
Used in courses 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2 1.2.4 1.3 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.6.3 1.6.4 1.7.2 1.7.3 1.8.4
Related Prompt library, Prompt, Versioned prompt
A word that stands in for a noun, such as I, you, she or they.
In simple words A small word that replaces a name, like 'she' or 'they'.
Example 'Maria is tired' becomes 'She is tired'.
Used in courses 6.3.2 6.3.3 6.3.4 6.4.4 6.5.3
Related Subject, Possessive
A folder of real evidence you can use in marketing, such as results, photos, quotes and case studies, with permission.
In simple words A box of real proof that your work is good.
Example A folder of before-and-after photos with signed permission.
Used in courses 3.1.3 3.4.2 3.10.3 3.10.4
Related Reviews and testimonials
Checking a design carefully for mistakes before it is shared or printed.
In simple words Checking your work for mistakes before sharing.
Example Reading a poster aloud to catch a wrong date.
Used in courses 1.2.4 11.1.2 11.1.3 12.3 13.9.2
Related Print bleed, Design brief
Reading through a finished draft to fix spelling, grammar and punctuation mistakes. It comes after revising bigger problems such as structure and ideas.
In simple words Checking your work for small mistakes before handing it in.
Example Reading the essay aloud to catch missing words and typos.
A statement that two ratios are equal. You can solve for a missing value by cross-multiplying.
In simple words Two comparisons that are the same size.
Example If 2 cups make 4 servings, then 5 cups make 10 servings.
Used in courses 1.3.3 2.28.3 3.11.4 5.9.4 9.3.4 10.8 10.8.3 10.9.4 13.14.2 13.14.4 13.15.3 15.3.3
Related Ratio
Matching the natural rhythm and stress of words to the rhythm and emphasis of the music.
In simple words Making the words fit the music naturally.
Example A stressed syllable lands on a strong beat.
Used in courses 11.4.2
Placing related items close together and separating unrelated items, so viewers see the groups.
In simple words Putting things that belong together close to each other.
Example A date and a time sit next to each other on a flyer.
Used in courses 8.6.3 8.6.4 11.1 11.1.2 14.12
Related Alignment, White space
The boost in low frequencies that happens when a directional microphone is very close to the sound source.
In simple words Singing close to a mic makes your voice sound bassier.
Example Moving away from the mic slightly makes the voice thinner.
Used in courses 14.12
Related Microphone pickup pattern
Smaller copies of large video files that make editing run smoothly. When original files are moved or missing, editing software shows them as offline media.
In simple words Lightweight copies of your videos that make editing faster.
Example If you move the original folder, the editor shows the clips as offline until you reconnect them.
Used in courses 2.25.3 4.2.3 15.6.3
Related Editing software
A team climate where people feel safe to speak up, ask questions and admit mistakes without being punished or mocked.
In simple words Feeling safe to speak up without being laughed at.
Example A team member says I made a mistake, and the team helps fix it.
Used in courses 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.12.4 8.6.4 9.4 9.4.2 9.4.3 9.4.4 9.7.3 9.9.3 13.17.3
Related Delegating, Feedback
Works whose copyright has ended or never applied, so anyone can use them freely. Check the rules for the country, such as Canada.
In simple words Music or writing that anyone is allowed to use freely.
Example A very old folk tune can be used in a lesson without asking permission.
Used in courses 4.3.3 4.7.4 11.4.4 14.1 14.1.4 14.3 14.4 14.4.4 14.5 14.6 14.7.4 14.9
Related Repertoire
The local board of health office that inspects food premises and answers questions about food rules.
In simple words The local office that checks food businesses are safe.
Example Calling before starting a home food business.
Used in courses 2.9.1 2.9.3 2.16 2.16.2 2.17 2.21 2.21.3 2.21.4 2.23 2.26 12.1.4 12.2.4
Related Low-risk food, Food handler training
A resistor that holds an input at a steady high level when nothing else drives it. A pull-down holds it low. Without one, the input may be floating.
In simple words A part that keeps an input from guessing.
Example A button input stays high until pressed.
Used in courses 15.7.3
Related Debouncing
Pulse-width modulation, switching a signal on and off very quickly so its average level can be controlled, used to dim LEDs or set motor speed.
In simple words Flicking power on and off super fast to control how strong it is.
Example A higher on-time makes an LED brighter.
Related Actuator, Microcontroller
A beginner-friendly programming language used for automation, data analysis and websites.
In simple words A popular language for telling computers what to do.
Example A short Python program reads a file and adds up numbers.
Used in courses 1.4 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.3 1.5.4 4.7.4 7.2.2 7.3 7.3.3 7.3.4
How hard or soft light is. Soft light from a large source gives gentle shadows; hard light from a small source gives sharp ones.
In simple words Whether light is gentle or harsh.
Example Cloudy-day light is soft.
Used in courses 11.2.3
Related Golden hour, Diffuser
A diagnostic score for each Google Ads keyword, based on expected click-through rate, ad relevance and landing page experience.
In simple words A grade Google gives your ad for how useful it looks.
Example A keyword with a low score may need a closer-matching ad and page.
Related Paid ads (cost per click), Landing page
Adding numbers to your achievements so employers can see their size, as long as the numbers are true.
In simple words Using real numbers to show what you achieved.
Example 'Served about 60 customers a shift' instead of 'served customers'.
Used in courses 8.1
Related Action verbs, Resume
Values that split sorted data into four equal-sized groups. The interquartile range (IQR) is Q3 minus Q1.
In simple words Cutting a sorted list into four equal parts.
Example Seven test scores can be split into quarters to show how spread out they are.
A word that starts a question, such as who, what, where or when.
In simple words A word like 'who' or 'where' that starts a question.
Example 'Saan ka nagtatrabaho?' uses 'saan' for where.
Used in courses 6.3.2 6.5.2 6.5.3 6.9.2
Related Intonation
A project record of Risks, Assumptions, Issues and Dependencies.
In simple words A list of what could go wrong, what you assume and what is stuck.
Example A log row notes a risk and who owns it.
Used in courses 8.4.2
Related Risk, Dependency
A scoring system where a point is awarded on every rally, whether or not you served.
In simple words Every rally gives someone a point.
Example You return the serve and win the rally, so you get the point even though you were not serving.
Used in courses 10.2 10.2.2 10.2.3
Related Side-out scoring, Tiebreak
Malware that locks your files and demands payment to unlock them. Offline backups are the best defence.
In simple words A bad program that locks your files and asks for money.
Example All documents on a computer become unreadable until a ransom is paid.
Used in courses 7.8 7.8.2 7.8.3 7.8.4 7.10.3 13.6.3
Related 3-2-1 backup, Patch
A comparison of two or more amounts, written like 2 : 3. A part-to-part ratio compares parts; part-to-whole compares one part with the total.
In simple words A way to compare two amounts, like 2 to 3.
Example A mix of 2 cups of juice to 3 cups of water is a ratio of 2 : 3.
Used in courses 1.7.3 1.7.4 2.1.4 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.6.3 2.8.3 2.13.3 2.18 2.18.2 2.19.4 2.23.4
Related Proportion, Unit price
A camera file format that keeps all the data from the sensor so you can adjust exposure and colour more when editing.
In simple words A big photo file that keeps all the details for editing.
Example A RAW photo can be brightened more without looking bad.
Used in courses 1.6.4 2.3.3 2.8.3 2.8.4 2.16.3 2.18.3 2.19.1 2.19.3 2.21 2.21.3 2.25.4 2.26
Related White balance, Non-destructive editing
The balanced stance a player takes before the opponent hits, with knees bent and weight forward so they can move in any direction.
In simple words Your waiting stance, ready to move.
Example Before the serve, you bend your knees and hold the racquet in front.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.4 1.4 1.4.1 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.4 1.6.4 1.7.2 1.10.4 1.11 1.12
Related Split step
Changing how you think about a stressful situation so that it feels more manageable.
In simple words Looking at a problem a different way so it feels easier.
Example Seeing a failed test as feedback about what to study next.
Used in courses 9.11 9.11.2 9.11.3 9.11.4 9.13.3 9.13.4 13.16.3
Related Resilience, Suppression
Adjusting a portfolio back to its planned asset mix after prices have moved it away from that plan.
In simple words Fixing your mix of investments when it has drifted from the plan.
Example If stocks grow to a bigger share than planned, you adjust the mix back.
The part of an argument that answers an opposing point.
In simple words Your answer to someone who disagrees.
Example 'That is true, but the data shows a different result.'
Related Fallacy
A plan for how to remove a food product and contact customers if it turns out to be unsafe.
In simple words A plan for what to do if a food is unsafe.
Example A seller keeps customer contacts to call them quickly.
Used in courses 2.16.4 2.18.3 2.21.4 12.4
Related Allergen labelling, Public health unit
A list of words that can restore a crypto wallet. Anyone who has it can take the funds, so it should never be shared or typed into websites.
In simple words A secret list of words that can unlock your crypto wallet, so never share it.
Example A fake support agent who asks for your recovery phrase is a scam.
Used in courses 5.9 5.9.2 5.9.4
Related Private key, Self-custody wallet
The parachute or streamer that slows a rocket on the way down so it lands gently.
In simple words The parachute that brings a rocket down safely.
Example An ejection charge pops the parachute out at the top of the flight.
Used in courses 1.4.3 1.4.4 2.12 2.12.2 3.8.4 4.9.4 5.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4
Related Model rocket motor, Drag
Deliberately attacking your own workflow, for example with files that contain hidden instructions, to find weaknesses before real harm happens.
In simple words Playing the bad guy to find the holes before a real bad guy does.
Example Adding a test email that says "ignore your rules" to see whether the workflow obeys it.
Used in courses 1.2.4
Related Prompt injection, Least privilege
People who can speak about your work and character when an employer asks. Ask them first and keep a prepared list.
In simple words People who can say good things about your work.
Example A former supervisor agrees to be your reference.
Used in courses 1.6.3 1.7.2 1.7.3 1.10.2 2.24.3 2.25 2.29.4 5.11.4 5.18 7.1 7.1.2 7.1.3
Related Resume
Thinking back on an experience on purpose to learn from it.
In simple words Looking back on what happened so you can learn from it.
Example After a presentation, you write down what went well and what to change.
Used in courses 1.10.4 2.2 2.14.4 3.9.4 3.11.4 4.4.4 5.3.4 5.6.4 5.8.4 5.9.4 5.10 5.10.4
Related Weekly review
Verbs where the action returns to the person doing it, using a special pronoun, such as 'me levanto' (I get myself up).
In simple words Verbs where you do the action to yourself.
Example 'Me ducho' means I shower (myself).
Used in courses 6.4.2 6.5.2 9.8.4
Related Conjugation, Pronoun
A refractor gathers light with a lens; a reflector uses a mirror. Reflectors can need collimation, which means aligning the mirrors.
In simple words One telescope uses a lens and the other uses a mirror.
Example A reflector may need its mirrors aligned before a night of observing.
Used in courses 15.2 15.2.2 15.2.4
Related Aperture, Magnification
The part of an argument where you answer the strongest opposing point and explain why your position still holds. Conceding means admitting that part of it is fair.
In simple words Showing why the other side's best point does not change your mind.
Example Some say homework builds habits; but short, focused practice can build them too.
Used in courses 13.13.2 15.6.4
Related Argumentative essay, Thesis
A part of the voice's range that feels and sounds similar, such as chest voice or head voice. The passaggio is the area where the voice changes from one to the other.
In simple words A section of your voice, like low chest voice or high head voice.
Example Moving from a low note to a high one may feel like a change in the voice.
Used in courses 1.1.4 1.3.4 1.7.4 2.1 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.2.4 2.3 2.3.2 2.4 2.5.4 2.6
Related Vocal range, Resonance
Re-running your test set after every change to see whether something that used to work is now broken.
In simple words Testing again after a change to make sure you did not break anything.
Example After you edit your reply prompt, you re-run the same 20 emails and record the pass rate.
Used in courses 1.2.3 1.4.4 1.11.4 5.10.4 7.3.2 7.3.4 7.7.4 9.12.4 10.3.3 10.4.4 10.8.3 15.9.3
Related Eval (evaluation), Versioned prompt, Held-out test set
A job, such as nursing or engineering, that requires a licence or certification from a regulatory body.
In simple words A job where you need an official licence.
Example A nurse must register with the provincial college.
Used in courses 1.3.4 1.6 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.6.4 1.8.3 1.8.4 2.2 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.3.3
Changing the chords under an existing melody to give the song a new feel.
In simple words Giving a song new chords while keeping the same tune.
Example Replacing a simple G7 with a different chord that still fits the melody.
Used in courses 14.6
Related Chord progression, Seventh chord
A database that stores data in linked tables made of rows and columns.
In simple words A set of connected tables of information.
Example A customers table linked to an orders table.
Used in courses 1.3 1.4 1.4.4 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.10 1.10.2 1.12 2.1.4 2.2.4 2.3 2.3.2
Related Primary key, Foreign key, SQL
The minor key that shares the same notes and key signature as a major key. It starts on the sixth note of the major scale.
In simple words The sad-sounding partner of a happy key that uses the same notes.
Example A minor is the relative minor of C major.
Used in courses 11.4 14.3 14.6
Related Key signature, Major scale
The ability to recognize notes and intervals by how they relate to each other, without needing a reference note.
In simple words Hearing how far apart notes are, instead of knowing each exact note.
Example Hearing that a tune goes up a fifth.
Used in courses 14.6
Related Interval, Roman numerals
An indicator that compares recent gains with recent losses on a scale of 0 to 100 to show how strong recent moves have been.
In simple words A meter showing whether recent price moves have been strong or weak.
Example A high RSI means recent gains have been strong, though it does not say what happens next.
Used in courses 5.10 5.10.2 5.10.3 5.12 5.18
Related Moving average (MA), Technical analysis
A signed permission from a person who appears in a photo or video that allows it to be used in a stated way.
In simple words A signed paper saying you may use their picture.
Example A model signs a release before a shoot.
Used in courses 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.3.4 1.5.4 1.6.4 1.7.4 2.3.3 2.9.1 2.13.4 2.14.4 2.16.3
A fraud where someone advertises a home they do not control and asks for money before you see it.
In simple words A trick where a fake landlord asks for money for a home that is not theirs.
Example A listing asks you to send a deposit without a viewing.
The stock level at which you place a new order, so goods arrive before you run out.
In simple words The number that tells you it is time to order more.
Example When you drop to 20 packs and delivery takes a week, you reorder.
A customer who comes back and buys again. They usually cost less to serve than a new customer.
In simple words A customer who comes back.
Example A salon notes which clients rebook within six weeks.
Related Customer lifetime value (CLV)
The set of pieces a musician has learned and can perform.
In simple words The list of songs a player knows.
Example A pianist builds a program of five pieces.
Used in courses 14.4.4
Related Public domain
Reusing the same colours, fonts or shapes across a design or set of pieces to make it look consistent.
In simple words Using the same style again and again so it matches.
Example Every slide uses the same heading font.
Used in courses 1.10.3 3.8.2 3.8.4 5.10.2 6.3.4 6.5.2 6.6.4 6.9.2 9.6 9.6.2 9.6.3 9.9
A button that sends your reply to everyone on the original email, not only the sender.
In simple words Answering everyone on the email, not just the person who wrote.
Example Only use it when everyone really needs to read your answer.
Used in courses 13.4
Related Cc and Bcc
Turning one piece of content into several others for different places, such as a long video into short clips, a caption and a newsletter.
In simple words Using one idea in many different ways.
Example A ten-minute video becomes three short clips and one email.
Used in courses 1.6 1.6.2 3.10.2 4.9.3
Related Shot list, Prompt template
The ability to cope with hard events and recover or keep going afterwards, using skills and support.
In simple words Being able to bounce back when things go wrong.
Example After a bad grade, you ask for help and try a new study plan.
Used in courses 2.18.4 2.19.4 7.8.4 9.4.4 9.8.3 9.11 9.11.2 9.11.3 9.11.4 9.13.4 13.15.4
Related Reappraisal, Self-compassion
How many pixels a video has across and down, which affects how sharp it looks. 4K is a high-resolution format.
In simple words How sharp and detailed the picture is.
Example A video recorded in 4K looks sharper than one recorded in lower resolution.
Used in courses 1.7 1.7.2 1.7.3 2.6.4 2.12.2 2.12.3 2.14.2 2.14.3 2.14.4 2.23 2.25.4 2.28.3
Related Aspect ratio
How sound vibrates in the throat, mouth and nose to make the voice richer and louder.
In simple words The way your voice echoes inside your head and chest.
Example Humming and feeling a buzz in your lips shows resonance.
Used in courses 14.11
Building pages that adjust to different screen sizes, often starting with mobile screens first.
In simple words Making a page fit phones and big screens.
Example A menu changes layout on a small phone.
Used in courses 3.8.3 7.7 7.7.2
Related CSS
A symbol or moment of silence in music with a set length. Rests are counted just like notes.
In simple words A pause in the music that still takes up time.
Example A quarter rest is a silent beat in the middle of a bar.
Used in courses 1.3.4 1.4.4 1.5.1 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.6.3 1.7.4 1.8.2 1.10.3 1.12 2.1.2 2.1.3
Days with little or no hard training so the body can recover and adapt.
In simple words Days to rest so your body can recover.
Example Strength exercise on Monday and Thursday, rest in between.
Used in courses 2.2 2.2.3 3.11.3 8.6.4 10.1.3 10.1.4 10.2.3 10.4 10.4.2 10.4.3 10.6 10.6.3
Related Progression, Sleep hygiene
A short document listing your work history, skills and education, tailored to a job. In Canada it is usually one to two pages and has no photo or personal details such as age.
In simple words A short page that tells an employer who you are and what you can do.
Example A resume lists recent jobs with bullet points of achievements.
Used in courses 1.1 1.5.3 5.1.3 5.14 5.18 7.7.3 8.1 8.1.2 8.1.3 8.1.4 8.2 8.3
Related Cover letter, Action verbs, Quantify
A regular fixed fee a client pays so you stay available or deliver an agreed amount of work each month.
In simple words A set monthly payment so you keep working for them.
Example A client pays a fixed monthly fee for four short videos.
Used in courses 2.4 2.4.4 2.8 2.8.3 2.8.4 2.11 2.11.3 2.11.4 8.7.2
Related Client agreement, Scope creep
How much of a video people actually watch, often shown in a graph. Higher retention tells platforms and you that people found it worth watching.
In simple words How long people keep watching before they leave.
Example The retention graph drops sharply at second 5, so you rewrite the opening.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.4 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.6.3 1.6.4 1.8 1.8.2 1.8.3 1.11 1.11.3
Related Hook, Engagement rate
Learning by pulling information out of memory, such as with practice questions, instead of just rereading.
In simple words Quizzing yourself to remember better.
Example Closing your notes and writing what you remember.
Used in courses 1.4.1 1.10 1.10.3 1.10.4 7.9.2 9.6 9.6.2 9.6.3 9.6.4 13.10.3 13.10.4 13.11
Related Spaced practice, Interleaving
Sales earned for every dollar spent on ads. A break-even ROAS is the lowest figure where the ads still cover their costs.
In simple words How many dollars come back for each dollar spent on ads.
Example $100 of ads that bring $400 of sales is a ROAS of 4.
Used in courses 2.6.3 2.6.4 2.15.2 2.15.3 3.1 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.6 3.9.3 3.12
Related Customer acquisition cost (CAC), Contribution margin
Videos made mainly from other people's work with little change, which YouTube may treat as not original and so not allowed to earn.
In simple words Videos that mostly copy someone else's work.
Example Uploading someone else's clip with no new commentary or editing.
Used in courses 1.6.4 2.8 2.8.3 2.8.4 4.1 4.3.3
Related YouTube Partner Programme, Fair dealing
Making hasty, larger trades right after a loss to win the money back, which tends to lead to bigger losses.
In simple words Betting again quickly and wildly to win back what you just lost.
Example After a loss, a trader doubles the size on the next trade without a plan.
Used in courses 5.5 5.11.2 5.11.3 5.12
Related Loss aversion, FOMO
A tool that takes a picture and finds where else it appears online, which helps check whether a photo is real, edited or used out of context.
In simple words Searching with a picture instead of words to find where it came from.
Example You upload a viral photo and find it is from an older, unrelated event.
Used in courses 5.7.3 5.7.4 11.2.4 13.10
Related Lateral reading
A checkpoint in a workflow where a person must look at the result and approve it before it moves on.
In simple words A checkpoint where a person says yes or no.
Example A manager approves each AI-written quote before it is emailed.
Used in courses 1.3.3
Related Human in the loop, Workflow
Reviews are opinions customers leave about you; testimonials are quotes you share with permission. Both must be real, current and not faked or paid for in misleading ways.
In simple words What real customers say about you.
Example A customer allows you to share their kind comment on your website.
Used in courses 2.3.3 2.6.3 2.10.3 2.12.3 2.23 2.24 2.26.3 3.4.2 3.7.2 3.7.4 3.9 3.9.1
Related Material connection, Proof library
Words that end with the same sound. Perfect rhymes match exactly; near or slant rhymes are close.
In simple words Words that sound alike at the end.
Example Time and rhyme are perfect rhymes.
The rule about who goes first at an intersection or in traffic.
In simple words Who goes first.
Example A car already in the intersection goes first.
Related Four-way stop, Yield
Something that might happen and affect a project, good or bad. It has a probability and an impact.
In simple words Something that might go wrong (or right) later.
Example A key supplier might deliver late.
Used in courses 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4.1 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.5.4 1.6.4
Related Contingency reserve, Stakeholders
The chance of losing so much that you cannot continue trading.
In simple words The chance of losing so much that you have to stop.
Example Risking large amounts on each trade raises the risk of ruin.
Used in courses 5.5.3
Related Drawdown, Risk per trade
The amount you could lose on a single trade if your stop is hit, often stated as a small percentage of the account.
In simple words The most you could lose on one bet.
Example With a $1,000 account, risking 1% means about $10 at risk (math only).
Used in courses 5.5 5.5.3 5.11.2 5.11.3 5.11.4 5.12 5.21 5.22
Related Position size, Stop-loss
The action chosen for a risk: avoid it, reduce it, transfer it (such as with insurance), or accept it.
In simple words What you decide to do about a possible problem.
Example Buying insurance transfers some of the risk.
Used in courses 1.1 1.2 1.2.2 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.5 1.5.4 1.6.4
Related Risk
How much ups and downs in the value of an investment you can emotionally handle without panicking.
In simple words How comfortable you feel when your money's value goes up and down.
Example Someone who loses sleep over a small drop has a low risk tolerance.
Used in courses 5.4 5.4.2 5.4.3 5.4.4 5.17 5.22 7.8.4
Related Diversification, Volatility
The comparison between how much you risk and how much you hope to gain on a trade.
In simple words How much you risk compared with what you hope to win.
Example Risking $10 to try to make $20 is a 1:2 risk-to-reward ratio.
Used in courses 5.5 5.5.3 5.12 5.21
Related Win rate, Expectancy
The driving test in which an examiner assesses skills such as stopping, turning, passing and parking before you move to the next licence level.
In simple words The test where an examiner watches you drive.
Example You drive a route while the examiner marks your skills.
Used in courses 12.5 12.5.2 12.5.3 12.5.4
Related G2 licence, Parallel parking
Sales earned for every dollar spent on ads. A break-even ROAS is the lowest figure at which the ads still cover their costs.
In simple words How much money you get back for each dollar of ads.
Example $50 of ads that bring $200 of sales is a ROAS of 4.
Used in courses 2.6.3 2.6.4 3.1 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.6 3.9.3 3.12 7.3.3
Related Paid ads (cost per click), Customer acquisition cost
Cooking food in the oven with dry heat so the outside browns.
In simple words Cooking in the oven until brown.
Example Roasting vegetables on a tray.
Japanese written with the Latin alphabet, such as 'arigatou', used as a bridge for beginners.
In simple words Japanese written with English letters.
Example 'Arigatou' is the romaji for ありがとう.
Related Hiragana
A way of naming chords by their position in the key using I, ii, IV, V and so on, so a progression can be played in any key. The Nashville number system uses ordinary numbers for the same idea.
In simple words Numbers that name chords so you can switch keys easily.
Example I-IV-V in G is G, C and D.
Used in courses 11.4 11.4.2 14.5 14.6
Related Chord progression, Transposing
The quiet background sound of a room, recorded for a short time so you can fill gaps and smooth edits.
In simple words The sound of a quiet room.
Example You record 30 seconds of silence at the end of an interview to use in the edit.
Used in courses 4.4 4.4.2 4.4.4 4.6.2
Related Audio sync, Loudness
The underlying reason a problem keeps happening. Fixing it stops repeat complaints, instead of fixing each case one by one.
In simple words The real reason a problem keeps coming back.
Example Late deliveries keep happening because orders are packed in the afternoon, not the morning.
Used in courses 2.12.2 2.12.3 2.15.4 2.17.4 2.22.4 2.25.4 4.9.4 10.7.4
Related Scope creep
The first version of an edit that puts the main footage in order before fine-tuning, trimming and adding polish.
In simple words The first messy version of the edit.
Example You assemble the story in order, then smooth it in a second pass.
Used in courses 1.7.4 3.3.3 4.2.4 4.6.2 4.10 12.1.2
Related Jump cut, Editing software
A pattern where one step sorts each item and sends it down the right path, such as billing questions to one prompt and complaints to another.
In simple words Sorting things into the right lane, like a mail sorter.
Example New messages are labelled as sales, support or spam, and each label gets its own reply prompt.
Used in courses 1.1.3 1.3.3 1.4 1.9 2.22.2 2.22.3 2.24.2 5.20 7.9.3 11.3.4 13.17.3
Related Prompt chain, Support triage, Workflow
A cooked mixture of fat and flour used to thicken sauces and soups.
In simple words A cooked mix of butter and flour that makes sauce thick.
Example The base of a white sauce.
Used in courses 12.1.2
Related Pan sauce
A licence where you pay once or nothing and do not pay each time the music is used, but it still has rules. It does not mean free of all conditions.
In simple words You do not pay again every time you use it, but there are still rules.
Example A music track you bought once for use in your videos under its terms.
Used in courses 4.3.3 4.7 4.7.2 8.7.3 11.2.4
Related Music licence, Creative Commons
Registered Retirement Savings Plan, a Canadian registered account for retirement savings where contributions may reduce taxable income and growth is not taxed while inside. Check official pages for current limits.
In simple words A special Canadian account for saving for retirement.
Example A worker puts money in an RRSP and may lower the income tax they owe that year.
Used in courses 5.1.2 5.1.4 5.2.4 5.3 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.4 5.4 5.4.2 5.19 8.5.2
Related TFSA, FHSA, Contribution limit
A scoring guide that lists what a good answer must have and how many points each part earns.
In simple words A checklist that says what a good answer looks like.
Example A caption rubric: hook in the first line, one clear action, no made-up facts.
Used in courses 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.4.4 1.10.2 1.11.4 2.15.3 2.17.4 2.18.4 2.19.4 2.22.4 2.23.4 2.26.4
Related Eval (evaluation), Golden answer, Held-out test set
Ways to score AI results: by code that checks rules, by another AI model, or by a human reviewer.
In simple words Different ways of marking the AI's homework.
Example Code checks the reply is under 100 words, and a person checks the tone.
Used in courses 1.2.3 1.3.3 1.11.4
Related Rubric, Eval (evaluation)
A composition guide that divides a frame into a three by three grid and places important things along the lines or where they cross.
In simple words Putting your subject a bit off-centre for a better picture.
Example A person stands on the left third of the photo.
Used in courses 4.3.2 4.4 4.4.3 11.1.2 11.2
Related Leading lines, Fill the frame
A safe-sport guideline that two responsible adults should be present with a young athlete, so no adult is alone with a child.
In simple words There should always be two adults with a child.
Example A coach keeps a second adult nearby during a lesson.
Used in courses 10.1.4 10.2.4 10.3.1 10.3.3 10.3.4 10.4.4 10.8 10.8.2 10.8.3 10.9 10.9.2 10.9.3
Related Safe sport, Background screening
A time-ordered plan for a live show or event listing what happens, who does it and when. Also called a run of show.
In simple words A schedule that tells everyone what happens next.
Example 0:00 welcome, 0:05 first topic, 0:25 questions, 0:30 goodbye.
Used in courses 4.6.2
Related Live stream, Shot list
A minute-by-minute schedule for an event that says what happens, who does it and where.
In simple words A timetable for the whole event.
Example 6:00 doors open, 6:30 welcome speech, 7:00 main show.
Used in courses 2.9 2.9.3 2.9.4 3.11.3 4.9 4.9.2 4.9.3 4.9.4 11.5
Related Break-even attendees
A one-page written guide that lets someone else run a process without you, listing the steps, checks and what to do when things go wrong.
In simple words A how-to page so a friend can do your job while you are away.
Example A page that explains how the weekly report workflow runs and who to call if it breaks.
Used in courses 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.3.3 1.3.4 3.13.3 3.13.4 7.7.4 7.11.4
Related Workflow, Handover test, Swimlane map
A start-up mode that loads only basic parts of the system to help find problems.
In simple words A simple way to start a computer so you can fix problems.
Example Starting in safe mode to see if a driver causes crashes.
Used in courses 7.10.2
Related Driver, System Restore
Sport that protects athletes from harm, abuse and unfair treatment, with clear rules, training and ways to report concerns.
In simple words Sport where everyone is kept safe and treated fairly.
Example A club has a code of conduct and a way to report problems.
Used in courses 10.2.4 10.3 10.3.1 10.3.3 10.3.4 10.8 10.9 10.9.2 10.9.3 10.9.4
Related Rule of two, Background screening
The stages a potential customer moves through from first contact to paying, tracked so you can see where deals stall.
In simple words The steps a buyer takes from hello to paying.
Example Stages: new lead, call booked, quote sent, won or lost.
Used in courses 2.3 2.3.2 2.5.2
Related Conversion rate, Consultative selling
A smaller group taken from a larger population to learn about the whole.
In simple words A small group chosen to learn about a bigger group.
Example Asking 200 customers instead of all 20,000.
Used in courses 1.1.2 1.2.4 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4.1 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.5.4 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.8.3 1.8.4
Related Confidence interval (CI), Selection bias
The number of people or items included in a survey or experiment. Small samples can give unreliable results.
In simple words How many people or things were checked.
Example A poll of 10 people tells you much less than a poll of 1,000.
Used in courses 1.6.3 2.3.3 3.2.3 3.4.3 3.10.3 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.10.2 5.10.3 5.11.3 7.3 7.3.2
Cooking food quickly in a small amount of fat in a hot pan, stirring or tossing it.
In simple words Quick cooking in a hot pan with a little oil.
Example Frying onions in a pan.
What a project will and will not deliver. Work outside it is out of scope.
In simple words What is included in the project and what is not.
Example Decorating is in scope; catering is out of scope.
Used in courses 1.3 1.4.4 1.5 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.6.4 1.7.4 1.8.3 1.10.3 1.11.4 2.4 2.4.4
Related Triple constraint, Change control
When small extra requests keep being added to a job without a change in price or time.
In simple words When a job keeps growing but the price stays the same.
Example A client asks for "just one more" edit five times, so you add a revision clause.
Used in courses 2.11 2.11.2 2.11.3 2.24.2 2.24.4 7.6.4 8.4 8.4.3 8.7.4
Related Client agreement, Retainer
Saying the score aloud before each serve so both sides agree on it. In pickleball doubles, it has three numbers.
In simple words Saying the score out loud before serving.
Example The server says 4-2-1.
Used in courses 10.1.2 10.2 10.2.2 10.2.3
Related Side-out scoring, Line calls
Watching an opponent to learn their habits before or during a match, to make a game plan.
In simple words Watching your opponent to learn how they play.
Example You notice they miss many backhands.
Used in courses 2.16.2 2.16.3 10.1.3 10.2.3
Related Charting, Serve plus one
An agile method with short cycles called sprints and roles such as product owner, scrum master and developers.
In simple words A team method that works in short bursts.
Example A team plans a two-week sprint.
Used in courses 2.2.3 8.4 8.4.3
Related Agile
Short for software development kit: a package of ready-made code that helps programmers use a service without building everything from scratch.
In simple words A toolbox of ready-made parts for building software.
Example A programmer uses an SDK to send a message to an AI service in a few lines.
Used in courses 1.4 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.4 1.12
Related Claude Agent SDK, Tool runner
What a person really wants when they type a search, such as to learn, compare, find a place or buy.
In simple words What the searcher really wants.
Example Someone typing "how to fix a tap" wants instructions, not a plumber's price list.
Used in courses 3.6 3.8 3.8.2 3.8.3
Related Keyword, SEO (search engine optimisation)
A smaller group within your audience, such as new subscribers or past buyers, that you can send more relevant messages to.
In simple words A smaller group inside your big group.
Example New subscribers get a welcome series and past buyers get a thank-you offer.
Used in courses 3.1 3.1.3 3.5.2 3.5.3 3.13.3 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.7.2 4.9.3 4.9.4 7.3.3 8.7.4
Related STP (segmentation, targeting, positioning), Email service provider (ESP)
The SQL command that chooses which columns to read from a table, usually with FROM, WHERE and ORDER BY.
In simple words The command that says what to show from a table.
Example SELECT name FROM customers shows the name column.
Used in courses 1.3.4 1.5.1 1.6 1.7.2 1.7.4 1.11.3 2.5.4 2.8.3 2.25.1 2.31 3.1.4 4.2
A distortion that happens when the people or items you studied were not chosen fairly or do not represent the whole group.
In simple words When the group you studied is not a fair picture of everyone.
Example Surveying only people at a gym about exercise habits.
Used in courses 5.4.4 5.5.4 5.10.2 5.10.3 5.10.4 5.12 7.3 7.3.4 9.3.2
Related Sample, Confounder
Treating yourself with kindness, remembering that struggles are common, and noticing your feelings without harsh judgment.
In simple words Being kind to yourself like you would be to a friend.
Example After a mistake, saying that was hard, everyone slips, now what will help.
Used in courses 9.1.3 9.1.4 9.10.2 9.11 9.11.2 9.12 9.13
Related Mindfulness, Self-talk
Goals that match your own values and interests, rather than ones you pursue only because of pressure.
In simple words Goals you really want for yourself.
Example Learning to cook because you enjoy it, not because someone told you to.
Related Intrinsic motivation, Goal conflict
A wallet where you, not a company, hold the keys that control your crypto. You alone are responsible for keeping them safe.
In simple words A wallet where only you hold the keys, so only you can lose them.
Example A hardware wallet kept at home is a self-custody wallet.
Used in courses 5.9 5.9.2 5.9.4
Related Private key, Recovery phrase
A theory that people stay motivated when three needs are met: autonomy, competence and relatedness.
In simple words The idea that we do best when we choose, feel good at it, and feel connected.
Example A student who picks her own project, improves, and works with friends stays motivated.
Used in courses 9.1.4 9.5.4 9.10.4 9.12 9.12.2 9.12.3 10.9.3
Related Intrinsic motivation, Extrinsic motivation
The ability to act on your goals even when you do not feel like it, helped by good systems and settings.
In simple words Doing what you planned even when you do not feel like it.
Example Doing homework before gaming, as planned.
Related Friction, Ego depletion
Your belief in your ability to do a specific task or reach a goal. It is different from general self-esteem.
In simple words Believing you can do a particular thing.
Example Feeling sure you can cook a simple meal even though you have never cooked a big one.
Used in courses 9.1.4 9.4.4 9.8.4 9.13 9.13.2 9.13.3 9.13.4
Related Mastery experiences, Self-esteem
How you feel about your own worth overall.
In simple words How much you like and value yourself.
Example Feeling you are a good person even after a mistake.
Used in courses 9.1.3 9.12 9.13 9.13.4 10.9.3 13.16.3
Related Self-efficacy, Self-compassion
A test you run on yourself, changing one thing and tracking the result. It tells you about you, not about everyone.
In simple words Trying something on yourself and watching what happens.
Example Going to bed 30 minutes earlier for two weeks and tracking your mood.
Used in courses 9.1.2 9.12.2 13.12.2
Related Baseline, Self-report
Information that people give about themselves, such as answers on a survey. It can differ from what they actually do.
In simple words When people tell you about themselves instead of you measuring it.
Example Asking someone how often they exercise rather than counting their workouts.
Used in courses 9.1.2 9.1.3 9.8.3 13.13.3 13.15.4
Related Baseline, Self-experiment (n-of-1)
The things you say to yourself in your head, which can help or hurt how you handle a task.
In simple words What you say to yourself inside your head.
Example I can try this step is better than I will fail.
Used in courses 9.1.3 9.2.2 9.9 9.11 9.13 9.13.2 9.13.3 9.13.4 10.1.3 10.9 10.9.2 10.9.3
Related Thinking traps, Self-compassion
The share of items you had that actually sold. A high sell-through means buyers want that kind of item.
In simple words Out of everything you put out, how much sold.
Example You listed 10 items and sold 8, so sell-through is 80 percent.
Related Inventory turnover
The smallest step in standard Western music, such as from one piano key to the very next key. Also called a half step. Two semitones make a whole step.
In simple words The smallest step between two notes.
Example On a guitar, moving up one fret raises a note by one semitone.
Used in courses 11.4 14.5 14.10.4 14.11 14.12
Related Major scale, Interval
Testing how your results change if key numbers, like price or sales, turn out higher or lower than planned.
In simple words Asking "what if" with the numbers.
Example You check profit if sales are 10 percent lower than hoped.
Used in courses 2.3.2 2.18.3 2.22.4 2.31.2 2.31.4 5.4.4 9.3.3 13.14.3 13.14.4
Related Break-even point, Margin of safety
A part that measures something in the world, such as light, distance or motion, and turns it into an electrical signal.
In simple words A part that lets a robot sense the world.
Example An ultrasonic sensor measures distance.
Used in courses 2.16.3 4.4.3 15.5.2 15.6.2 15.7.3 15.7.4 15.8
Related Actuator, Microcontroller
The important words in a sentence that are said more strongly, giving English its rhythm.
In simple words The words you say louder so the meaning is clear.
Example In 'I wanted COFFEE, not tea', 'coffee' carries the stress.
Used in courses 6.2.3
Related Word stress, Intonation
Improving your website and content so search engines can find, understand and show it to people searching for what you offer.
In simple words Helping search engines show your page to the right people.
Example A plumber writes a clear page about fixing leaking taps and gets found when people search for it.
Used in courses 3.6 3.7.2 3.7.3 3.7.4 3.8 3.8.2 3.8.3 3.8.4 7.6.2 7.6.3
Related Keyword, Meta description, Backlink
Two Spanish verbs for 'to be': ser describes identity or lasting traits; estar describes place or temporary state.
In simple words Two Spanish 'to be' verbs, one for what you are and one for how or where you are.
Example 'Soy enfermera' (I am a nurse) uses ser; 'Estoy cansado' (I am tired) uses estar.
Used in courses 6.4.2 6.4.3 6.4.4
Related Conjugation, Irregular verb
A pattern where you plan your serve and your next shot together to put the opponent under pressure.
In simple words Planning your serve and your first shot after it.
Example Serve wide, then hit the next ball to the open side.
Related Crosscourt, Charting
The two boxes on the other side of the net where a tennis serve must land. You alternate serving into them.
In simple words The boxes where your serve must land.
Example Serving from the right, you aim into the diagonally opposite box.
A promise about response or fix times for support requests or services.
In simple words A promise about how fast help will arrive.
Example A high-impact ticket may need a reply within one hour.
A business that travels to its customers instead of having customers visit a shop, such as a mobile coach or plumber.
In simple words A business that comes to you.
Example A mobile dog groomer who visits homes.
Used in courses 3.7
Related Google Business Profile
The ordered list of songs a band plans to play at a show.
In simple words The list of songs for a show.
Example Open strong, mix tempos and end with your best song.
Used in courses 11.3 11.3.2 11.3.3
Related Arrangement, Dress rehearsal
A chord that adds a seventh note on top of a triad. Types include dominant 7, major 7 and minor 7.
In simple words A chord with an extra note that sounds richer.
Example G7 adds the note F to a G major chord.
A crime where someone threatens to share private images unless you pay or send more. The course says to stop responding, keep evidence and tell a safe adult.
In simple words When someone threatens you with a private picture to get something from you.
Example If a stranger online makes this kind of threat, you save the messages, stop replying and tell a trusted adult.
Used in courses 13.15.2 13.15.3 13.15.4
Related Phishing, Digital footprint
The idea that the cloud provider secures the cloud itself and the customer secures what they put in it.
In simple words The provider guards the building; you guard what you put inside.
Example The provider protects the data centre; you set who can open your files.
Used in courses 7.9 7.9.2 7.9.3
Related Cloud computing, IAM
A Microsoft service for storing and sharing files and pages within a team or organization. Teams files are stored in it.
In simple words A shared file cabinet for a group.
Example The files you upload in a team's Files tab are kept in SharePoint.
Used in courses 7.1 7.10.3 13.1.3 13.4.3 13.5 13.5.2 13.5.3 13.5.4 13.6 13.6.2 13.6.3 13.6.4
Related OneDrive, Microsoft Teams
A chord played with just its essential notes, usually the root, third and seventh, often leaving out the fifth. Rootless voicings leave out the root too.
In simple words A short version of a chord using only its key notes.
Example On piano the left hand plays the root and seventh and the right hand adds the third.
Used in courses 14.6
Related Seventh chord, ii-V-I, Voice leading
A written list of the shots you need for a video, such as what is in frame, the angle and how long it lasts.
In simple words A checklist of every camera shot you want to get.
Example Shot 1: close-up of hands kneading dough, 3 seconds.
Used in courses 1.6 1.6.2 1.6.4 1.7.2 1.7.3 4.4 4.4.2 4.4.4 4.9.4 4.10 11.2.3 11.2.4
Related Storyboard, B-roll
Standard framings from wide to close, such as wide, medium and close-up, used to show place, person or detail.
In simple words How big or small things look in the picture.
Example A wide shot shows the whole room, a close-up shows only a smiling face.
Used in courses 1.6.4 1.7 1.7.2 1.7.3 4.4 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.5 4.5.2 4.5.3 4.5.4
Related Establishing shot, Rule of thirds
The written description of an episode, with a summary, links and sometimes timestamps.
In simple words The written summary under a podcast or video.
Example A short paragraph, guest links and a list of topics.
Used in courses 4.6 4.6.2 4.6.4
Related Podcast RSS feed
A simple coaching method: show the skill, explain it briefly, then let the player try.
In simple words Show it, say it, let them do it.
Example A coach demonstrates a grip, explains it, then has the player copy it.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4
Related NCCP
A swung rhythm that divides the beat into a long note followed by a short one, common in blues.
In simple words A bouncy long-short rhythm.
Example A 12-bar blues played with a shuffle feel.
Used in courses 5.10.3 9.6 9.6.2 12.5 13.12.2 13.16.2 14.2 14.3 14.7.4 14.8
Related Groove, Note value
How long the camera sensor is exposed to light for one photo. Fast speeds freeze motion; slow speeds let in more light and can blur movement.
In simple words How long the camera's eye stays open.
Example A fast shutter freezes a jumping dog.
Traditional pickleball scoring where only the serving side can score points.
In simple words You can only score when you are the one serving.
Example If you win a rally while receiving, you win the serve, not a point.
Used in courses 10.2
Related Rally scoring, Score calling
A short phrase that introduces a quote or paraphrase and names its source.
In simple words Words like 'According to Lee' that tell the reader who is talking.
Example According to Lee (2021), students remember more when they test themselves.
Used in courses 13.13.2
Related Paraphrase, Citation
Text that is added automatically to the end of your emails, such as your name and contact details.
In simple words Your name at the bottom of every email, added for you.
Example Your full name and school added automatically after each message.
Used in courses 2.11.2 2.11.3 2.13.4 2.15.2 2.18.3 2.20.2 2.21 2.22 2.22.3 2.25.3 3.5.3 3.8.3
Related Cc and Bcc
The digits in a measurement that carry real information. Answers should not show more precision than the measurements allow.
In simple words The digits in a number that really mean something.
Example A ruler that measures to the nearest centimetre cannot give an answer to the nearest millimetre.
Related Dimensional analysis
Words or phrases that tell the audience where you are in a talk or text, such as 'first', 'next' and 'to sum up'.
In simple words Little words that tell listeners where you are in your talk.
Example 'Now I will move to my second point.'
Used in courses 6.1.3 13.13.3 13.17.3
Related Front-loading
An editing feature that finds pauses in speech and cuts them out, usually with a setting for how long a pause must be before it is cut.
In simple words The app finds the quiet gaps and snips them out.
Example A 3-minute talking video becomes 2 minutes 20 seconds after silence removal, and the editor puts back one pause that sounded rushed.
Used in courses 4.10
Related Filler words, Jump cut
Cooking in liquid that is just below boiling, with small gentle bubbles.
In simple words Cooking gently in liquid with tiny bubbles.
Example Soup bubbling softly on low heat.
Interest calculated only on the original amount. Compound interest is calculated on the amount plus the interest already added.
In simple words Extra money added only on the starting amount.
Example With simple interest, 100 dollars at 5% adds 5 dollars every year.
Used in courses 2.31 2.31.2 5.1 5.2.3 5.4 5.4.2 5.7 13.14 13.14.2 13.14.3
Related Percent change, Inflation
Simple interest is charged only on the original amount. Compound interest is charged on the original amount plus earlier interest, so it grows faster.
In simple words Interest on just the first amount, or interest on the interest too.
Example On a loan, compound interest means you owe interest on last month's interest as well.
Used in courses 2.31 2.31.2 5.1 5.2.3 5.4 5.4.2 5.7 13.14 13.14.2 13.14.3
Related Cash flow
A method that fits a straight line through data to describe how one value changes with another.
In simple words Drawing the best straight line through dots on a chart.
Example Fitting a line to show how sales rise with advertising.
Used in courses 1.2.3 1.4.4 1.11.4 5.10.4 7.3.2 7.3.4 7.7.4 9.12.4 10.3.3 10.4.4 10.8.3 15.9.3
Related Correlation
Basic tools that make work easier by changing the size or direction of a force, such as levers, ramps and pulleys.
In simple words Basic tools like levers and ramps that make jobs easier.
Example A ramp lets you lift a heavy box with less push over a longer distance.
Used in courses 15.3
A nine-digit number needed to work in Canada or access some government programs. Protect it like a password.
In simple words A private number you need to work in Canada.
Example An employer asks for your SIN after hiring you.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.2 1.8 1.11 2.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.11 5.1.4 5.2.2 5.3.3 5.7.2
Related Health card, Phishing
Filipino garlic fried rice, usually made with day-old cooked rice.
In simple words Garlic fried rice.
Example Leftover rice fried with garlic for breakfast.
A Filipino sour soup, often made with tamarind or another souring ingredient, with meat or fish and vegetables.
In simple words A sour Filipino soup.
Example Pork sinigang with vegetables.
An interview question that asks what you would do in an imagined situation.
In simple words A question asking what you would do in a pretend situation.
Example 'What would you do if two customers asked for you at once?'
Related Behavioural question, STAR method
A folder of instructions, scripts and resources that Claude loads when a task needs it, so it can do a specialised job the same way each time.
In simple words A recipe card the AI picks up when it needs it.
Example A brand-voice skill that tells Claude how your business writes captions.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.3 1.2.2 1.2.4 1.5.1 1.5.4 1.6.3 1.6.4 1.9 1.10.4 1.11.3 1.11.4
Related Progressive disclosure, Plugin, Connector
A math or knowledge question winners of a Canadian contest must answer, along with a free way to enter, so the contest is not treated as an illegal lottery.
In simple words A quiz question you answer to win a contest, so it is not just luck.
Example "What is 5 times 3 plus 2?" before a prize is awarded.
Related Drip pricing
A chord written with a slash and a bass note, such as C/E, meaning play a C chord with E as the lowest note.
In simple words A chord with a different note in the bass.
Example C/E is a C chord with E at the bottom.
Used in courses 11.4.3 14.1.4 14.4.4 14.5 14.6
Related Inversions, Chord
A clear sound and visible clap recorded at the start of a take, used later to line up separate audio and video.
In simple words A clap at the start so the editor can match sound and picture.
Example You clap once in front of the camera before the interview.
Used in courses 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.9.4 15.6
Related Audio sync, Double-ender
A condition where breathing stops repeatedly during sleep, often with loud snoring and daytime sleepiness. It needs a doctor's diagnosis.
In simple words When breathing pauses during sleep.
Example A partner notices gasping at night.
Used in courses 10.6 10.6.2 10.6.4
Related Insomnia, Sleep hygiene
A simple log of when you go to bed, wake up and how you feel, used to spot patterns.
In simple words A notebook where you write about your sleep.
Example You note bedtime and wake time every day for two weeks.
Used in courses 10.6.2 10.6.3 10.6.4
Related Sleep hygiene, Insomnia
Everyday habits and settings that support good sleep, like regular times, a dark and quiet room, and limiting caffeine late in the day.
In simple words Habits that help you sleep well.
Example Going to bed at the same time each night.
Used in courses 9.11 9.11.2 9.14.2 10.6.2 10.6.4 13.16
Related Circadian rhythm, Sleep diary
Spin from hitting down and under the ball so it stays low and floats. It is a common tennis shot.
In simple words A low, floating shot with backspin.
Example A slice backhand skids low after the bounce.
Used in courses 1.6.2 2.3.4 2.6 2.7 2.19.3 2.24.2 2.28.2 2.28.3 4.7 4.10 5.1 5.4
A set of buttons that filters a pivot table or chart when you click.
In simple words Buttons you click to show only part of a table.
Example Clicking 'March' on a slicer shows only March sales.
Used in courses 7.1 7.1.3 7.2.3 10.8.3 13.2.3 13.2.4
Related Pivot table
A special slide in PowerPoint that controls the layout, fonts and colours of every slide in a deck.
In simple words The template slide that decides how all your slides look.
Example Changing the font on the slide master changes it on every slide.
Used in courses 13.3.2 13.3.3 13.3.4 13.17.2 13.17.3
Related Alt text, Speaker notes
The explanation of muscle contraction in which thin actin filaments slide past thick myosin filaments, powered by ATP.
In simple words How muscles shorten, by fibres sliding past each other.
Example A sarcomere gets shorter as the filaments slide.
Used in courses 15.5.2
Related Cell
When your order is filled at a different price than you expected, often during fast moves.
In simple words Getting a slightly different price than you saw.
Example You expected 50.00 but got 50.05 because the price moved first.
Used in courses 5.5 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.6 5.6.3 5.10 5.10.2 5.10.3 5.11 5.11.2 5.12 5.18
A business whose taxable sales stay under a government-set threshold, so it is not required to register for GST/HST. Check the official page for the current amount.
In simple words A small business that does not have to collect sales tax yet.
Example A new side business with low sales may be allowed to skip registering until it passes the limit.
Used in courses 2.1 2.1.2 2.3 2.3.2 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.8.3 2.8.4 2.9 2.11
Related GST/HST
Clickable items in Google Docs, such as people, files or dates, that show extra information when you hover over them.
In simple words Little clickable tags inside a document.
Example A people chip shows someone's contact card.
Used in courses 7.2.3 13.7.2 13.7.3
Related Suggesting mode
A goal that is Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time-bound.
In simple words A goal that is clear, countable and has a date.
Example 'Sell 100 tickets by June 1.'
Used in courses 1.1 1.2 1.6 1.6.4 1.8 1.9 1.10.2 1.11 1.11.4 1.12 2.1.3 2.3
Related Project charter
A way of writing goals so they are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time-bound.
In simple words A checklist for making a goal clear enough to act on.
Example Save $200 by the end of June, putting aside $50 each week.
Used in courses 1.1 1.2 1.6 1.6.4 1.8 1.9 1.10.2 1.11 1.11.4 1.12 2.1.3 2.3
Related Process goals, Milestones
A device that detects smoke and sounds a warning. Ontario law requires working alarms on each storey and tests regularly. Carbon monoxide alarms are also required in many homes.
In simple words A beeping device that warns about smoke.
Example Pressing the test button each month.
Used in courses 1.2.4 1.5.4 2.13.4 2.26 2.26.2 2.26.4 5.4.4 5.9.2 7.7.4 7.8.3 7.9.2 9.4.4
Related Electrical panel, Compulsory trade
The Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada, which collects and pays royalties for public performance of music in Canada.
In simple words A Canadian group that helps songwriters get paid when their songs are performed.
Example A songwriter registers a work with SOCAN.
Used in courses 2.9.1 4.7.2 4.7.3 4.7.4 8.7.3 11.3 11.3.2 11.3.3 11.3.4 11.4 11.4.2 11.4.3
Related Copyright, Performing rights
Manipulating people, rather than hacking computers, to get them to give up information or send money.
In simple words Tricking a person instead of breaking into a computer.
Example A caller pretends to be support staff and asks for a code.
Used in courses 1.8.2 1.8.3 1.8.4 5.9.2 7.7.4 7.8.4
Related Phishing
Evidence that other people have used and liked something, such as reviews, numbers and stories, which makes new people more comfortable to try it.
In simple words Seeing that other people trust it too.
Example Photos and quotes from happy customers on your page.
Related Proof library, Reviews and testimonials
Making a request or disagreement more polite by adding gentle phrases such as 'I was wondering if' or 'Would it be possible'.
In simple words Adding gentle words so something sounds kind instead of harsh.
Example 'Would it be possible to move the meeting?' softens 'Move the meeting.'
A business owned and run by one person with no separate legal entity from the owner.
In simple words A business owned by just one person.
Example A person selling baked goods under their own name.
Used in courses 2.1 2.1.3 2.11.2 2.15 2.19 2.28 2.28.3 2.28.4 2.29 5.8.3 8.7.3 10.3
Related GST/HST, Business insurance
How a song is organized into sections such as intro, verse, chorus and bridge.
In simple words The order of the parts of a song.
Example Verse, chorus, verse, chorus, bridge, chorus.
Related Chord chart
The order of sections in a song, such as verse, chorus and bridge.
In simple words The order of the parts of a song.
Example Verse, chorus, verse, chorus, bridge, chorus.
Used in courses 1.2 1.2.2 1.4.1 1.4.4 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.4 1.6.3 1.7.3 1.7.4 1.8.4 1.10.2
Related Hook, Arrangement
Short added sounds, such as whooshes or clicks, that support what is on screen. They should help the story and not be overused.
In simple words Little sounds added to make the action feel real.
Example A whoosh when text slides in.
Used in courses 1.7.2 4.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.3.3 4.4.2 4.7 4.7.2 4.8 4.10
Related Loudness, Royalty-free
Spreading study sessions over days or weeks instead of cramming in one go, which helps memory last longer.
In simple words Studying a little bit on many days instead of all at once.
Example Twenty minutes of Spanish on Monday, Wednesday and Saturday instead of one long session.
Used in courses 1.10 1.10.3 9.6 9.6.2 9.6.4 13.12 13.12.2 13.12.4 13.14.4 13.16 13.16.2 13.16.4
Related Active recall, Interleaving, Pomodoro technique
Notes attached to a slide that only the presenter sees while presenting.
In simple words Hints for the speaker that the audience cannot see.
Example The notes remind you to tell a short story at slide 3.
Used in courses 13.3 13.7 13.7.2 13.17.2
Related Slide master, Alt text
A sudden fast, hard shot in a soft dinking rally in pickleball.
In simple words Hitting hard in the middle of a soft rally.
Example During a dink rally, you smack a ball at your opponent's body.
Related Dink, Third-shot drop
A small hop just as the opponent hits the ball, which lets you push off quickly in the direction you need.
In simple words A little hop to get ready to run.
Example You hop slightly as your opponent hits.
Used in courses 3.3 10.1 10.1.2
Related Ready position
The tendency to overestimate how much other people notice about you.
In simple words Thinking everyone is watching you when they are not.
Example Worrying about a small stain that nobody sees.
Used in courses 9.13.2
Related Liking gap, Behavioural experiment
The difference between the price you can buy at and the price you can sell at. It is a cost of trading.
In simple words The small gap between the buy price and the sell price.
Example If buying costs 10.02 and selling gives 10.00, the spread is 0.02.
Used in courses 1.3.4 1.6 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.6.4 1.8.2 1.8.4 1.10 2.2 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4
Structured Query Language, the language used to ask questions of and change data in a relational database.
In simple words The language for asking databases questions.
Example A query asks for all orders from March.
Used in courses 7.2 7.3 7.3.3 7.3.4 7.4 7.4.2 7.4.3 7.4.4 7.7.3 7.7.4 7.9 7.9.3
Related Relational database, SELECT
An attack where someone types SQL code into a form to trick a database. Parameterized queries help prevent it.
In simple words Sneaking commands into a form to trick a database.
Example Typing database commands into a login box.
Used in courses 7.4 7.4.4 7.7.3
Related SQL
A rocket's ability to fly straight and correct itself. In model rockets it comes from having the centre of pressure behind the centre of gravity.
In simple words Whether a rocket flies straight instead of tumbling.
Example Adding fins makes a rocket more stable.
Used in courses 2.4.4 2.25.4 2.31.4 3.8 3.8.3 5.1.2 5.2.3 5.6 5.6.1 5.6.3 5.9.4 5.10.3
Related Centre of gravity, Centre of pressure
A doubles strategy in pickleball where partners line up so each player stays on a preferred side after the serve.
In simple words Partners lining up so each stays on their favourite side.
Example A right-hander and left-hander arrange to both hit forehands in the middle.
Used in courses 5.10.2 9.1.2 10.2.2 10.2.3
Related Formations, Middle ball
The five lines and four spaces on which music notes are written. The higher a note sits on the staff, the higher it sounds.
In simple words The five lines that music is written on.
Example A note on the bottom line of the treble clef is E.
Used in courses 1.1.4 1.3 1.3.4 1.8.2 1.8.3 1.8.4 1.11.4 2.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.2.4
Related Treble clef, Bass clef, Grand staff
People or groups who are affected by a project or who can affect it.
In simple words Everyone who cares about the project or is affected by it.
Example Customers, team members and the sponsor.
Used in courses 2.5.3 2.18.3 2.18.4 7.8.3 7.8.4 8.4 8.4.3 8.4.4 8.6.3 9.3.4
Related Project charter, Status report
A number showing how spread out values are around the average. A bigger number means more spread.
In simple words A number showing how spread out the data are.
Example Temperatures that vary a lot have a larger standard deviation.
Used in courses 2.25.4 5.4.2 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.10.2 7.3.2 9.6.4 9.12.3 13.2.2 13.9.4 13.14.2 13.16.2
Related Cherry-picking
A number showing how spread out values are around the average. A bigger number means more spread.
In simple words A number that shows how far values usually are from the average.
Example Test scores with a small SD are all close together.
Used in courses 2.25.4 4.3.4 5.4.2 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.10.2 7.3.2 9.6.4 9.12.3 13.2.2 13.9.4 13.12.4
Related Distribution, Outlier
A measure of how spread out scores are around the average. Effect sizes often count differences in these units.
In simple words A measure of how spread out a set of numbers is.
Example If most test scores sit close to the average, the standard deviation is small.
Used in courses 2.25.4 5.4.2 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.10.2 5.17 7.3.2 9.3.4 9.6.2 9.6.4 9.9.2 9.12.3
Related Effect size, Cohen's d
The usual way a six-string guitar is tuned, from the lowest string to the highest: E, A, D, G, B, E.
In simple words The normal set of notes the six guitar strings are tuned to.
Example The low thick string is E and the thin top string is E two octaves higher.
Used in courses 1.2.3 5.11 7.4.3 7.9.3 11.3 11.3.2 11.4.3 14.1 14.1.4 14.4 14.7.4 14.9
Related Fretboard
A way to answer interview questions by describing the Situation, Task, Action and Result of a real example.
In simple words A four-step way to tell a short story about something you did.
Example Describe the situation, your job, what you did and what happened.
Used in courses 1.4 1.6 1.10 1.10.2 2.2.4 2.10.1 2.21.3 2.26 2.26.2 3.4 3.7 3.7.2
Related Behavioural question, Situational question
A way of designing programs where the device is always in one state and moves to another when certain things happen.
In simple words A program that is always in one mode and switches modes when needed.
Example A traffic light moves from green to yellow to red.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2.2 1.2.4 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4.1 1.4.4 1.5.3
Related Microcontroller
The forms matter can take, mainly solid, liquid and gas. Heating or cooling can change one into another.
In simple words Solid, liquid and gas.
Example Ice melts into water and water boils into steam.
Related Physical change
A statistics measure of how unlikely a difference would be if the two versions were really the same. Each ad tool calculates its confidence figure its own way.
In simple words A check on whether a difference is real or just luck.
Example A tool says one ad is better, but with only a few clicks it may be chance.
Used in courses 3.2.3 3.4.3 15.9.3 15.9.4
Related A/B test, Sample size
A short update on project progress, often using green, yellow and red to show health.
In simple words A short update showing how the project is going.
Example Green means on track; red means needs help.
Used in courses 1.11.3 1.12 5.16 8.4 8.4.2 8.4.4 8.6.3
Related Stakeholders
Stating the strongest, fairest version of an opposing argument before you respond.
In simple words Describing the other side at its best before you disagree.
Example I think your point is that costs matter most, and here is why that is reasonable.
Used in courses 9.3 9.3.2 9.3.4
Related Straw man, Confirmation bias
A change in a verb's middle vowels in some forms, such as quiero from querer or duermo from dormir.
In simple words A vowel in the middle of the verb changes.
Example 'Querer' becomes 'quiero' for I want.
Used in courses 6.4.3
Related Irregular verb, Conjugation
A short written agreement for one automation step: what goes in, what must come out, and in what shape, so the next step can rely on it.
In simple words A promise about what a step takes in and what it hands out.
Example "Input: one customer message. Output: JSON with topic and urgency only."
Used in courses 1.3.3
Related Structured output, JSON, Prompt chain
A share of ownership in a company. Its price can go up or down, and some companies pay part of their profits as dividends.
In simple words A tiny piece of ownership in a company.
Example Owning one share of a company means owning a very small slice of it.
Used in courses 1.4 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.6.4 1.7 1.7.2 1.7.3 1.7.4 2.1.4 2.2.4 2.3 2.3.2
Related Dividends, Bond, Diversification
Ready-made video clips from a library that you can use under that library's licence, often as b-roll. Each library sets its own rules on credit and commercial use.
In simple words Video clips someone else filmed that you are allowed to use if you follow their rules.
Example A cooking video uses a licensed stock clip of a busy market and the licence is saved in the rights log.
Related B-roll, Creative Commons
A short code that identifies one exact product version, such as a size and colour, so you can count and track it.
In simple words A name tag code for each product.
Example MUG-BLUE-L is the code for the large blue mug.
Used in courses 2.6.4 2.13.4 2.15.2 2.15.3 2.15.4 2.20.2 2.20.3 7.1 7.1.2 7.1.3
Related Inventory turnover, Reorder point
How many animals or fish are kept in a given area or volume. Too many can lower oxygen and raise waste and disease.
In simple words How crowded the animals are.
Example A pond with too many fish may run low on oxygen at night.
An order set to close a position automatically if price reaches a chosen level, limiting the loss. It can fill at a worse price after a gap.
In simple words A rule that closes a bet automatically if it goes too wrong.
Example A stop is placed at 48 so the position closes if the price falls there.
Used in courses 2.6.3 2.20.3 2.20.4 5.5 5.5.3 5.6 5.6.3 5.10 5.10.2 5.11 5.12 5.18
Related Slippage, Risk per trade, Gap
Rules that make an automated loop stop, such as a maximum number of retries or a daily limit, so it cannot run away.
In simple words Rules that tell the AI when to stop.
Example "Try at most three times, then send it to a person."
Used in courses 1.3.3
Related Human in the loop, Agent, Step contract
A simple story pattern that moves from a normal day, to something that changes it, to what happened because of it, to how it ended up and what was learned.
In simple words A recipe for telling a story in order.
Example Once there was a shy speaker. Every day she avoided meetings. One day she volunteered. Because of that she improved. Finally she led a talk.
Used in courses 3.3 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4
Related Hook
A set of rough sketches or frames that plans a video shot by shot before you make it.
In simple words A comic-strip plan of your video.
Example Six small frames showing the opening, the product close-up and the ending.
A three-step method: split the market into groups (segment), choose which group to serve (target), then decide how you want that group to see you compared with other choices (position).
In simple words Pick who you are for, then decide how you want them to see you.
Example A gym chooses busy new parents and positions itself as the quick 30-minute option.
Used in courses 2.3.3 2.3.4 2.11.3 2.15.4 3.1 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.5.2 5.19 8.7.4 10.2.2
Related Marketing mix (the 4 Ps), Audience
A mistake in reasoning where you attack a weaker, distorted version of someone's argument.
In simple words Arguing against a silly version of what someone said.
Example You want to cut homework, so you want kids to learn nothing.
Used in courses 6.2.3 9.3.2 13.13.2
Related Steelman, Confirmation bias
A count of how many days in a row you did a behaviour. Streaks can motivate, but a missed day does not erase your progress.
In simple words How many days in a row you did something.
Example You read for 12 days in a row, then miss one and start again.
Used in courses 2.2 5.5.3 5.11.2 5.11.3 5.11.4 5.12 5.22 9.1 9.1.2 9.12.2
Related Minimum version, Endowed progress effect
A rule that checks whether a borrower could still afford mortgage payments at a higher interest rate than the one offered. Check the official page for the current test.
In simple words A check that you could still pay if interest rates went up.
Example A lender tests your payments at a higher rate to see if you would still manage.
Used in courses 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.5.4 9.3.3
Related Mortgage, Variable rate
Text in a program, written between quotation marks.
In simple words Words or letters in a program.
Example 'Hello' is a string.
Used in courses 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.5.4 3.4.4 5.6 7.2 7.2.2 7.4.4 7.5 7.5.2
Related Variable
Extra labelling in a page's code that tells search engines what the page is about, such as a product, review or event, so it may show richer results.
In simple words Hidden labels that help search engines understand a page.
Example Event details marked up so a search result can show the date.
Used in courses 3.7.3 3.8.2 3.8.3 3.8.4
Related SEO (search engine optimisation)
An interview where every candidate gets the same questions and is scored the same way. Some use a panel (interview board).
In simple words An interview where everyone is asked the same questions and scored fairly.
Example A panel scores each answer using a guide.
Used in courses 2.12.4 2.20.4 8.2.2 8.2.3 8.2.4
Related Behavioural question
An AI answer in a fixed, predictable shape such as a table, a list of fields or JSON, so another step or person can use it easily.
In simple words An answer lined up in neat boxes instead of a loose paragraph.
Example Asking for each customer message to be returned as name, topic and urgency.
Used in courses 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.3.3
Related JSON, Step contract, Prompt chain
A vertical wooden or metal frame piece inside a wall that supports weight, found when hanging heavy items.
In simple words A hidden support beam inside a wall.
Example Finding studs before mounting a shelf.
Used in courses 12.3
Related Drywall patch
A short written guide to the look and feel of your videos, such as pace, colours, fonts and music, so a series stays consistent.
In simple words A style guide so all your videos look like they belong together.
Example Short cuts, yellow text, upbeat music and one clear idea per video.
A smaller helper agent that a main agent starts to handle one part of a task, then reports back.
In simple words A little helper AI that does one part of the job for the main AI.
Example In Claude Code, a sub-agent searches the project for a bug while the main agent keeps planning.
Related Agent, Orchestrator-workers
The person or thing that does the action in a sentence.
In simple words The one who does the action.
Example In 'Maria eats rice', Maria is the subject.
Used in courses 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.7 1.7.2 1.7.3 1.8.2 1.9 1.10.3 1.11 2.3 2.3.3
Related Pronoun, Word order
The short title of an email that people see first. It should be honest and clear about what is inside.
In simple words The title people see before opening an email.
Example "Your free class starts Friday".
Used in courses 1.9 2.5 2.5.2 2.5.3 3.4 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.5 3.5.2 3.5.3 3.13.3 4.4.3
A mode in Google Docs where your edits appear as suggestions that the owner can accept or reject instead of changing the text directly.
In simple words A way to propose changes without erasing the original.
Example A classmate suggests deleting a sentence; you accept or reject it.
Used in courses 2.11.3 4.3.2 4.5.4 5.4 8.6.2 9.6.4 9.14.3 13.7 13.7.2 13.10 13.16.4
Related Version history, Commenter
A formula that adds up numbers that meet one or more conditions.
In simple words A formula that adds only the numbers that match your rules.
Example Add all sales where the region is East and the month is March.
Used in courses 7.1 7.1.2 7.2 13.2.3 13.2.4
Related XLOOKUP
Time or money already spent that cannot be recovered. It should not decide what you do next, though people often let it.
In simple words Not wanting to quit because you already spent a lot.
Example Finishing a bad movie because you already paid for the ticket.
Related Confirmation bias, Pre-mortem
Price areas where past moves paused or turned: support below the price, resistance above it. They are zones, not guarantees.
In simple words Price floors and ceilings where a price has bounced before.
Example A price that bounced twice near 50 may have support there.
Used in courses 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2.4 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4 1.4.1 1.6 1.6.2 1.6.3
Related Trend, Technical analysis
Sorting incoming customer messages by topic and urgency so each goes to the right person or reply.
In simple words Sorting customer messages so the urgent ones are handled first.
Example AI labels each message as refund, delivery question or complaint.
Used in courses 1.3.3
Related Routing, Structured output
Trying to push away or hide a feeling or thought. Research suggests it often works worse than other coping skills.
In simple words Trying to push a feeling away instead of dealing with it.
Example Telling yourself not to think about the exam, which makes you think about it more.
Used in courses 3.5.4 3.13.3 4.9.2 7.3.4 9.11.2
Related Reappraisal, Mindfulness
Drawing conclusions only from the successes that are visible and forgetting the ones that failed.
In simple words Only looking at winners and forgetting everyone who lost.
Example Studying successful startups but ignoring the many that closed.
Used in courses 5.4.4 5.5.4 5.10.2 5.10.3 5.10.4 5.12 7.3 7.3.4 9.3.2
Related Confirmation bias, Base rate neglect
A chord where the third is replaced by the second (sus2) or fourth (sus4), giving an open, unresolved sound.
In simple words A chord that sounds like it wants to move on.
Example Csus4 replaces the E in C major with F.
The right pedal on a piano. It lifts the dampers so notes keep ringing after you release the keys.
In simple words The pedal that makes piano notes keep ringing.
Example Pressing it while playing a chord lets the sound blend.
Used in courses 14.4 14.4.4 14.5
Related Legato
A diagram with one row (lane) per person or tool, showing which steps each does and where work is handed over.
In simple words A picture of who does what, in lanes like a swimming pool.
Example Lanes for Customer, Staff and AI show where a quote request waits.
Used in courses 1.3.3
Related Workflow, Decomposition, Runbook
A trading style where positions are held for days to weeks, rather than minutes or hours.
In simple words Holding a trade for a few days or weeks.
Example A trade opened on Monday and closed the following week is a swing trade.
Related Day trading
A collection of real customer quotes and good examples you have seen, kept for ideas and not to copy.
In simple words A scrapbook of good ideas to inspire you.
Example A document of customer phrases you reuse when planning captions.
Used in courses 3.4 3.4.2 3.4.3
Related Hook, Brand voice
Placing emphasis on unexpected beats or off-beats, which creates a lively, bouncy feel.
In simple words Hitting the notes in surprising places for a bouncy feel.
Example Clapping between the beats instead of on them.
Google's invisible watermark for content made by its AI tools. It is designed to survive common edits, but its detector only checks content from Google and listed partners.
In simple words A hidden stamp Google puts in what its AI makes.
Example A detector finds the hidden mark in an image generated with a Google tool.
Used in courses 1.7 1.7.2 1.7.3 1.7.4
Related Content Credentials (C2PA), Diffusion
A Windows feature that returns system files and settings to an earlier point without removing personal files.
In simple words Going back to how the computer was before a problem.
Example Restoring to yesterday after a bad update.
Used in courses 7.10.2
Related Safe mode
Tablature, a way of writing guitar music with six lines for the strings and numbers showing which fret to press.
In simple words Guitar music written as numbers on six lines.
Example A 3 on the thinnest string line means play the 3rd fret on that string.
Used in courses 1.1.4 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.3 1.10.2 1.11 1.11.3 1.12 2.3.2 2.3.3
Related Fretboard, Chord chart
A range with one header row and one record per row, formatted as a table so formulas and filters grow with the data.
In simple words A neat block of rows and columns with headings.
Example A contact list with one person per row is a table.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4.1 1.4.3 1.4.4
Related Pivot table, Data validation
A mix of Tagalog and English in the same sentence, common in everyday Filipino speech and messages.
In simple words Mixing Tagalog and English together when you talk.
Example 'Mag-meeting tayo mamaya' blends Tagalog and English.
Used in courses 6.3 6.3.2 6.3.3 6.3.4
Related Register
Changing your resume and cover letter so they match the skills and words in a specific job posting, while staying truthful.
In simple words Adjusting your application to fit each job.
Example Using the same key words as the job posting when they are true for you.
Related Resume, Keywords, Cover letter
One recorded performance of a part. Comping combines the best bits of several takes into one final take, and a punch-in re-records a short section.
In simple words One try at recording a part.
Example A singer records three takes and the engineer joins the best lines.
Used in courses 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4 1.4.1
Related Click track, Headphone mix
A simple way to judge effort: during moderate activity you can talk but not sing; during vigorous activity you can say only a few words.
In simple words If you can still chat, it is not too hard.
Example On a brisk walk you can speak in full sentences.
Used in courses 10.4 10.4.2 10.4.3
Related Muscle-strengthening, Progression
A Windows tool that shows running programs and lets you close one that has frozen. On a Mac, Force Quit does this.
In simple words A tool that lets you shut down a stuck program.
Example A frozen app can be closed from Task Manager without restarting the whole computer.
Used in courses 7.10 7.10.2 7.11.4 13.8 13.8.2 13.8.3
Related Backup
Moving your attention between tasks, which usually costs time and focus.
In simple words Jumping from one job to another.
Example Checking messages in the middle of writing a report.
Used in courses 9.5 9.6 9.6.2 9.12.3
Related Pomodoro technique, Time blocking
An agreement between two countries that sets which one may tax certain income so people are not taxed twice on the same money.
In simple words A deal between two countries so you do not pay tax twice.
Example Income earned abroad may be taxed in one country and relieved in the other under a treaty.
Related Deemed resident
A Japanese verb form ending in te or de, used for requests, joining actions and ongoing states, such as 'まってください'.
In simple words A verb form for asking and for joining actions.
Example 'たべて ください' means please eat.
Related Verb groups (Japanese), Polite form (masu)
Studying past price and volume charts to look for patterns. It uses history only and cannot predict the future.
In simple words Looking at old price charts to try to spot patterns.
Example A person studies a chart's past moves to decide when a trend began.
Used in courses 5.5.3 5.10 5.10.2 5.10.3 5.10.4 5.12 5.13 5.18
Related Candlestick, Trend, Support and resistance
The range of temperatures where bacteria grow quickly. Perishable food should not stay there for long.
In simple words The temperatures where germs grow fast.
Example Leftover soup left on the counter for hours is in the danger zone.
Used in courses 2.21 2.21.3 7.6.4 10.5.2 11.1.2 12.1 12.1.2 12.1.3 12.1.4 12.2.3 12.2.4 12.4
Related Digital food thermometer
The speed of a piece of music, usually measured in beats per minute (BPM).
In simple words How fast or slow the music is.
Example A slow ballad has a low tempo.
Used in courses 10.1.4 11.3 11.3.2 11.3.3 11.4 11.4.3 14.1 14.1.4 14.2 14.4.4 14.6 14.7
Pairing something you need to do with something you enjoy, and allowing the treat only during the task.
In simple words Only getting the fun thing while you do the not-so-fun thing.
Example Listening to a favourite podcast only while ironing.
The form of a verb that shows when something happens: past, present or future.
In simple words The verb form that tells when something happens.
Example 'I eat', 'I ate' and 'I will eat' are three tenses.
Used in courses 4.4.3 5.2.4 6.1.4 6.3.2 6.4.2 6.4.3 6.4.4 6.5.2 6.5.3 6.5.4 6.9.3 9.14.2
Related Conjugation, Aspect
The length of time a mortgage agreement and its interest rate and conditions last before you must renew or pay it off. It is shorter than the amortization.
In simple words How long your current loan deal lasts before you pick a new one.
Example A 5-year term on a 25-year amortization means you renew after 5 years.
Used in courses 1.6 1.6.4 1.7.4 1.10 1.10.3 1.10.4 2.1.3 2.3.2 2.3.4 2.4.4 2.6.3 2.8.3
Related Amortization, Fixed rate, Variable rate
A text window on your computer where you type commands instead of clicking, which Claude Code can run in.
In simple words A plain window where you type commands to the computer.
Example You open the terminal, type the command to start Claude Code and press Enter.
Used in courses 1.1 1.4 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.12 2.7 2.25.3 7.4
Related Claude Code
Editing a video by editing its transcript: deleting words in the text deletes the matching part of the video.
In simple words You cross out words in the story and the video cuts itself to match.
Example An editor deletes two bad takes in the transcript and the video jumps straight to the good take.
Used in courses 4.10
Technology that turns typed text into a spoken, computer-made voice. Creators should be honest when narration uses an AI voice.
In simple words You type words and the computer reads them out loud.
Example A creator types a narration, picks a TTS voice and adds 'Narration uses an AI voice' to the description.
Used in courses 1.2 4.2 4.10 13.8.4
Related Voice cloning
Tax-Free Savings Account, a Canadian registered account where growth and withdrawals are not taxed. It can hold savings or qualified investments.
In simple words A Canadian account where the money you earn is not taxed.
Example Interest earned inside a TFSA is not taxed when you take it out.
Used in courses 5.1.2 5.1.4 5.2.4 5.3 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.4 5.4 5.4.2 5.11 5.11.2 5.19
Related RRSP, FHSA, Contribution limit
A short message sent after an interview to thank the interviewer and restate your interest.
In simple words A short thank-you note after an interview.
Example Sent within a day with one line about what you enjoyed learning.
Used in courses 1.8 1.9 2.6.3 2.12 2.23.3 7.2.2 7.6.3 8.2 8.2.2 13.10.2
Related STAR method
Defrosting frozen food. Safe ways are in the fridge, in cold water, or in the microwave before cooking right away; never on the counter.
In simple words Letting frozen food warm up safely.
Example Moving chicken from the freezer to the fridge the night before.
Related Temperature danger zone, Leftovers
The main claim of an essay, usually one or two sentences that the rest of the paper supports.
In simple words The one big point your essay is trying to prove.
Example School start times should be later because teens need more sleep.
Used in courses 1.10 1.10.2 1.10.3 5.4.4 9.5 9.10.2 13.10.3 13.13 13.13.2 13.13.3 13.13.4 13.16
Related Topic sentence, Argumentative essay, Outline
Common unhelpful thought patterns, such as all-or-nothing thinking, overgeneralising, mind reading and labelling.
In simple words Thoughts that trick you into feeling worse than the facts say.
Example One bad quiz turns into I am bad at everything.
Related Self-talk, Reappraisal
A soft, arcing shot hit as the third shot in pickleball so it lands in the kitchen, giving the serving team time to move forward.
In simple words A gentle shot that lands softly near the net.
Example After your serve and their return, you gently drop the ball into their kitchen.
Used in courses 10.2 10.2.2 10.2.3 10.2.4 10.8 10.9
Related Dink, Non-volley zone
A ladder safety rule: always keep two hands and one foot, or two feet and one hand, on the ladder.
In simple words Always keep three of your hands and feet on the ladder.
Example Climbing with one hand free only to hold the rail.
Used in courses 12.3
Related Personal protective equipment
Estimating a task using optimistic, most likely and pessimistic times to reflect uncertainty.
In simple words Guessing a best case, usual case and worst case time.
Example Best 3 days, likely 5, worst 10 gives a weighted estimate.
Used in courses 8.4.2
Related Risk, Work breakdown structure (WBS)
A basic lighting setup with a main light, a softer fill light and a back light to shape a person and separate them from the background.
In simple words Three lights that make a person look clear and nice.
Example A window as the main light, a white board as fill and a lamp behind the person.
A way to turn a car around in a narrow street by moving forward, backward and forward again.
In simple words Turning a car around in a small space.
Example Turning on a quiet street with no side roads.
Used in courses 12.5.2
Related Parallel parking, Road test
The four main drone controls. Throttle moves it up or down, yaw turns it left or right, pitch tilts it forward or back and roll tilts it side to side.
In simple words The four ways you steer a drone.
Example Yaw turns the drone on the spot like a spinning top.
Used in courses 1.1.4 1.2.4 1.6 1.6.2 1.6.4 2.3 2.3.4 2.5 2.5.3 2.9 2.9.4 2.10
Related Flight controller
The force that pushes a rocket, aircraft or drone forward or upward, produced by an engine, motor or propeller.
In simple words The push that drives a rocket or plane.
Example A model rocket motor produces thrust that lifts the rocket.
Used in courses 15.1 15.1.2 15.1.3 15.1.4 15.10
Related Newton's third law, Lift, Drag
The small cover image shown for a video. Good thumbnails are clear on a phone, with few words and a strong focus.
In simple words The little picture that represents your video.
Example A close-up face and three big words.
Used in courses 1.6 3.2 4.2.4 4.3 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.5 4.5.2 4.5.3 4.5.4 4.9
Related Click-through rate (CTR), A/B testing
A record of an IT problem or request that tracks who is handling it and what was done.
In simple words A note that tracks a help request.
Example A user reports printer trouble and a ticket is created.
Used in courses 1.3.3 2.7 2.9 2.9.1 2.9.4 2.12.2 2.12.3 2.12.4 2.17 2.21.3 2.21.4 2.23.3
Related Priority, Service level agreement (SLA)
A special game played to decide a set or match when the score is tied.
In simple words An extra mini-game to break a tie.
Example At six games each, players play a tiebreak to decide the set.
Planning your day by assigning set blocks of time to tasks, including breaks.
In simple words Giving each task a set time on your calendar.
Example 9 to 11 is writing time, and no meetings.
Used in courses 8.6 9.5 9.5.2 9.5.3
Related Asynchronous (async)
Numbers at the start of music that show how many beats are in each bar and which note gets the beat, such as 4/4 or 3/4.
In simple words The numbers that show how the beats are grouped.
Example A waltz is usually in 3/4.
A small piece of text, often part of a word, that an AI reads and writes. Usage limits and costs are often counted in tokens.
In simple words A little chunk of a word that the AI counts when it reads.
Example A short sentence might be about a dozen tokens.
Used in courses 1.4.4 1.5.1 1.5.3 1.5.4 3.8.4 5.7.2 5.9.3 5.9.4 7.5.3 7.7.3 7.7.4 7.11.4
Related Context window, Large language model (LLM)
Settings that decide which actions a tool may take on its own, which need your approval, and which are blocked.
In simple words Settings that say what the AI is allowed to do and what it must ask about.
Example Claude Code asks before it edits a file unless you allow it.
Used in courses 1.4.1 1.11.3 1.11.4 1.12
Related Least privilege, Plan mode, Claude Code
A feature of the Claude software kit that runs your tools when Claude asks for them and sends the results back automatically.
In simple words A helper that runs the tools for the AI so you do not have to pass messages back and forth.
Example A short Python program defines a weather tool and the tool runner handles each call.
When an AI asks to run an outside tool, such as a search, a calculator or a file reader, and then uses the result in its answer.
In simple words When the AI picks up a tool, like a calculator, to help it answer.
Example Claude uses a web search tool to look up today's information.
Used in courses 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.3 1.5.3 1.12
Related Tool runner, MCP (Model Context Protocol), Tool permissions
The first sentence of a paragraph that tells the reader its main point.
In simple words The sentence at the start of a paragraph that says what it is about.
Example Exercise improves mood in three ways.
Spin that makes the ball rotate forward, so it dips and bounces up high.
In simple words Spin that makes the ball drop and bounce high.
Example You brush up the back of the ball to hit a topspin forehand.
Used in courses 10.1.2
Typing without looking at the keys, using the home row as the base position for your fingers.
In simple words Typing without looking at the keyboard.
Example Your fingers rest on A S D F and J K L ; and each finger reaches for its own keys.
Used in courses 13.9 13.9.2 13.9.3 13.9.4
Related Words per minute, Autocorrect
A written record of each trade, including the reason, rules followed, result and feelings, used to review habits.
In simple words A diary of your trades so you can learn from them.
Example After each trade, you note why you entered and whether you followed your plan.
Used in courses 1.10.3 2.2 2.2.2 2.13.4 2.17.4 3.1 3.11 3.11.1 3.11.3 5.5 5.5.3 5.5.4
Related Revenge trading, Win rate
The area between the baseline and the kitchen line in pickleball where players move forward to the net.
In simple words The middle part of the court you walk through to reach the net.
Example After returning a serve, you move up through this zone.
Used in courses 1.7.2 1.7.3 2.1.4 2.18.4 4.2 5.1.4 5.9.3 7.9.2 8.1.3 9.2.2 10.2.2 10.2.3
Related Third-shot drop, Non-volley zone
Moving music to a different key by shifting every note or chord by the same amount.
In simple words Moving a whole song higher or lower to fit your voice.
Example A song in C is moved up to D so a singer can reach the high notes.
Used in courses 14.1.4 14.6 14.10.4
Related Capo, Roman numerals, Vocal range
A symbol at the start of the staff that shows higher notes, usually played by the right hand on piano.
In simple words The curly symbol that marks the higher notes.
Example The notes E G B D F sit on the lines of the treble clef.
Used in courses 14.5
Related Bass clef, Grand staff, Staff
The general direction of price: up (higher highs and higher lows), down (lower highs and lower lows), or sideways.
In simple words The direction a price has been mostly heading.
Example Prices making higher highs and higher lows are in an uptrend.
Used in courses 1.6.3 1.8.4 2.2 2.8.4 2.13.3 2.16.3 2.31.3 3.12 4.6.3 5.4.3 5.5 5.6.3
A line added to a chart that shows the general direction of the data. Excel can also show its equation and R-squared value.
In simple words A line that shows which way the dots are heading.
Example A trendline slopes upward when test scores rise with study time.
Used in courses 5.10 5.18 13.2.2 15.3.3 15.6.2
Related Correlation is not causation
A three-note chord made of a root, a third and a fifth. A major triad and minor triad differ in the third.
In simple words A chord made of three notes.
Example C, E and G make a C major triad.
Used in courses 11.4 14.1.4 14.5 14.6
Related Chord, Inversions, Major and minor
The event that starts an automation, such as a new email, a form submission or a set time each week.
In simple words The thing that starts the automatic steps.
Example Every Monday at 8:00 the automation builds a weekly report.
Used in courses 1.1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4.4 1.5.4 1.9 1.11.3 1.12 2.2.3 2.6.3 2.9.3 2.9.4
Related Workflow, Zapier, Step contract
The three linked limits of a project: scope, time and cost. Changing one affects the others.
In simple words What you do, how long it takes and how much it costs are tied together.
Example Adding more features usually needs more time or money.
Used in courses 8.4
The unit of weight used for precious metals such as gold; a troy ounce is slightly heavier than the ounce used for food.
In simple words The special ounce used to weigh gold.
Example Gold prices are usually quoted per troy ounce.
Used in courses 5.6 5.6.1 5.6.4
Related Forex
Technical Standards and Safety Authority, which oversees safety for things like fuels and gas in Ontario. Gas work must be done by registered contractors.
In simple words The Ontario group that keeps gas and fuel work safe.
Example Only a registered gas fitter should touch a gas line.
A short chord pattern at the end of a section that leads back to the start.
In simple words A little chord pattern that sends you back to the beginning.
Example The last two bars of a 12-bar blues act as a turnaround.
Used in courses 3.1.3 8.1.4 11.4.3 14.2 14.6 14.7.4
Related Chord progression
In pickleball, the serve must bounce once and the return must bounce once before anyone may volley.
In simple words The ball must bounce once on each side before you can hit it in the air.
Example After the serve and its return have each bounced, players may volley.
Related Non-volley zone, Volley
A mistake you make when your opponent did not put you under real pressure, such as hitting an easy ball into the net.
In simple words A miss you made all by yourself.
Example A slow, easy ball lands in the net.
Used in courses 10.1.3 10.1.4 10.2.2 10.2.3 10.8 10.8.2 10.8.3 10.8.4
Related Forced error, Winner
The cost of one unit, such as one gram or one litre, used to compare which product is better value.
In simple words The price of just one piece or one gram, so you can compare fairly.
Example A pack of 4 for 8 dollars costs 2 dollars each.
A way of sorting tasks by whether they are urgent and whether they are important, to choose what to do first.
In simple words A grid that helps you pick which jobs to do first.
Example Studying for next week's test is important but not yet urgent.
Used in courses 9.5 9.5.2 9.5.3
Related Time blocking, Pomodoro technique
Short labels added to a web link so analytics can show which campaign, post or ad sent each visitor.
In simple words Tags on a link that show where visitors came from.
Example A link tagged with the name of a newsletter lets you count clicks from that newsletter.
Used in courses 2.6.3 3.1.3 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.6 3.7.3 3.9.3 3.12 3.13 3.13.3 9.3.2
Related Attribution, Google Analytics 4 (GA4)
A short label added to a web link so your analytics can show which post or ad sent each visitor.
In simple words A little tag on a link that shows where visitors came from.
Example A link tagged with the name of your email newsletter shows how many people clicked from it.
Related Conversion rate, Return on ad spend (ROAS)
The outermost electrons of an atom, which take part in bonding. The octet rule says atoms tend to bond to have eight outer electrons.
In simple words The outer electrons that atoms use to join with others.
Example Atoms with seven outer electrons often gain one.
Used in courses 15.4.2
Related Ion, Covalent bond
Numbers that look impressive but do not show whether the business is growing, such as total followers or likes on their own.
In simple words Big numbers that look nice but do not prove anything useful.
Example 10,000 followers but almost no one clicks or buys.
A named place in a program where a value is stored so it can be used later.
In simple words A labelled box that holds a value.
Example age = 12 stores the number 12 under the name age.
Used in courses 1.2.4 1.4 1.4.3 1.5.1 2.3 2.3.2 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.5.4 2.6.3 2.9
Costs that rise and fall with how much you make or sell, such as ingredients, packaging or delivery per order.
In simple words Costs that grow when you sell more.
Example Each loaf needs $2 of flour and a $0.20 bag, so ten loaves cost about $22.
Used in courses 2.3 2.3.2 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.9 2.9.4 2.16 2.16.4 2.19 2.19.1 2.21
Related Fixed costs, Contribution margin
An interest rate that can change during the term when the lender's rate changes.
In simple words An interest rate that can go up or down.
Example If the lender's rate goes up, a variable-rate loan can cost more.
Related Fixed rate, Term
Speed in a particular direction. Speed is distance divided by time.
In simple words How fast something goes and which way.
Example A car going 20 metres per second north has a velocity; the speed alone is 20 m/s.
Used in courses 8.4.3 15.1.2 15.1.3 15.3 15.3.2 15.3.3 15.3.4
Related Acceleration, Newton's second law
The three types of Japanese verbs: u-verbs (group 1), ru-verbs (group 2) and irregular verbs (group 3). The group tells you how to change the verb.
In simple words Japanese verbs come in three families that change in different ways.
Example 'たべる' is a ru-verb, so it follows group 2 patterns.
Related Te-form, Plain form
A technique where you ask the AI to pull word-for-word quotes from your material first, then answer only from them, so you can check each claim.
In simple words Making the AI show the exact words it is using so you can check them.
Example "Quote the sentences from my policy that mention refunds, then answer using only those."
Used in courses 1.2.3 1.3.3 1.10.2 1.11.4
Related Hallucination, Lateral reading
A record of earlier saved versions of a file that lets you see changes and restore an older version.
In simple words A list of older copies of your file you can go back to.
Example You accidentally delete a paragraph and restore the version from yesterday.
Used in courses 1.10 5.11.3 7.1 7.1.4 7.2 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 7.6.4 7.10.3 8.6.2 10.8.3
A prompt with a version number and a note of what changed, so you can compare results and go back to an older one.
In simple words A prompt with a number on it, so you know which copy is newest.
Example "Caption template v2: shortened the opening line."
Related Prompt library, Regression check
A small, regular wobble in pitch on a sustained note that adds warmth, in voice or on guitar.
In simple words A gentle wobble on a long note.
Example A singer holds the last note with a little shimmer.
Related Resonance
A software-based computer running on a shared physical server, such as an EC2 instance.
In simple words A pretend computer running inside a real one.
Example Starting a virtual machine in the cloud for a short project.
Used in courses 1.5.4 7.9 7.9.2 7.11.4
Related Cloud computing
Arranging design elements so the eye sees the most important thing first, using size, contrast, colour and position.
In simple words Making the most important thing the easiest to see.
Example A poster title is big and bold, and the small details are smaller.
Used in courses 2.14.3 2.24.4 5.6.4 7.9.3 7.9.4 8.6.4 9.4.3 10.7.4 11.1 11.1.2 11.1.3 12.3.4
Related Contrast, Alignment, White space
Small callus-like bumps on the vocal folds from overuse or strain. A doctor should be seen if the voice stays hoarse.
In simple words Little bumps on the voice cords from using the voice too hard.
Example A singer who is hoarse for weeks sees a doctor.
The span from the lowest to the highest note a singer can sing comfortably. Common voice types include soprano, alto, tenor and bass.
In simple words All the notes you can sing from low to high.
Example A tenor's range is higher than a bass's.
Used in courses 1.3.3 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.9 2.1.4 2.2 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.3.2 2.4 2.4.3 2.4.4
Related Register, Transposing
Using AI to make a synthetic copy of a real person's voice. It should only be done with your own voice or with clear, written permission from the person.
In simple words A computer learns to sound like someone. Only do it with your own voice or with permission.
Example A creator clones their own voice to dub a video into another language.
Related Deepfake, Text-to-speech (TTS)
Moving smoothly from one chord to the next by keeping notes close and moving as little as possible.
In simple words Making chord changes smooth by taking small steps.
Example Moving one finger a half step between chords instead of jumping the whole hand.
Used in courses 11.4.3 14.4.4 14.6
Related Shell voicing, Chord progression
How much and how quickly a price moves up and down.
In simple words How jumpy a price is.
Example A price that swings a lot in a day is more volatile than one that barely moves.
Used in courses 5.4 5.4.2 5.4.3 5.5.3 5.6 5.6.1 5.6.3 5.9 5.10.2 5.13 5.14 5.15
Related Risk tolerance, Slippage
Hitting the ball before it bounces. In tennis it is usually done near the net; in pickleball it is not allowed inside the kitchen.
In simple words Hitting the ball out of the air before it touches the ground.
Example You stand near the net and tap the ball back without letting it bounce.
Used in courses 10.1 10.1.2 10.1.3 10.1.4 10.2 10.2.2 10.2.3 10.2.4 10.3.3 10.8 10.9.2 10.9.3
Related Non-volley zone, Overhead
A service that encrypts your connection and sends it through another server. It does not make you anonymous or stop all threats.
In simple words A private tunnel for your internet traffic.
Example Using a VPN on public Wi-Fi hides traffic from others on that network.
Used in courses 7.8 7.8.2 7.10.2 13.8.2 13.15.2
Related Encryption, Firewall
A short period of easy activity before exercise to raise your heart rate and prepare muscles.
In simple words Getting your body ready before exercise.
Example Five minutes of easy marching on the spot.
Used in courses 2.26.3 3.5 3.5.3 4.2 5.11.3 6.3.4 9.8.2 10.1.2 10.1.3 10.1.4 10.2.3 10.2.4
Related Progression, Rest days
The total amount of time people spend watching your videos. It shows how engaging your content is.
In simple words How long, in total, people watched your videos.
Example 100 viewers each watch 3 minutes, which is 300 minutes of watch time.
Used in courses 1.6.2 1.6.3 3.2 3.10.2 4.3 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.5 4.5.2 4.5.3 4.5.4
Related Average view duration, YouTube Analytics
The way water moves between sea, air and land through evaporation, condensation, precipitation and collection.
In simple words Water going up, forming clouds and coming back down.
Example Rain flows into rivers, then evaporates again.
Used in courses 15.6 15.6.2 15.6.3
Related Weather and climate
Weather is conditions over a short time, such as today's rain. Climate is the pattern over many years.
In simple words Weather is today; climate is the usual pattern over many years.
Example A rainy Tuesday is weather; wet winters are climate.
Used in courses 1.8.2 2.1.3 2.3.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.9 2.9.3 2.9.4 2.13.3 2.16 2.16.2 2.16.3
Related Greenhouse effect, Water cycle
A short regular check-in where you look at what happened this week, what worked, and what to adjust next week.
In simple words A quick look back each week to plan what to do better.
Example Every Sunday you spend ten minutes noting your wins and one change for next week.
Used in courses 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.10.3 1.11.3 2.2 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.5.2 2.6.4 2.18.4 2.22.2
Related Baseline, Reflection
The force of gravity pulling on an object. It depends on the object's mass and the strength of gravity where it is.
In simple words How hard gravity pulls on you.
Example An astronaut weighs less on the Moon than on Earth.
Used in courses 2.6.4 2.10.3 2.13.3 2.15.2 2.17 2.17.2 2.17.3 2.18 2.18.2 2.18.3 2.19.1 2.19.3
The SQL clause that keeps only rows meeting a condition before any grouping happens.
In simple words The part of a query that keeps only the rows you want.
Example WHERE city = 'Toronto' keeps Toronto rows.
Used in courses 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4 1.4.3
A quick move one way followed by a sharp move back, which can trigger signals that quickly fail.
In simple words When a price goes one way and then snaps back, fooling you.
Example A signal appears, then the price reverses straight away.
Used in courses 5.10 5.12 5.18
Related Lag
A camera setting that makes colours look natural under different lighting, so whites look white.
In simple words Making sure white things look white.
Example Indoor lamp light makes photos look yellow until you fix the white balance.
Empty space around and between elements. It gives the eye a rest and helps important things stand out.
In simple words The empty space in a design.
Example A poster with wide margins looks calm and clear.
Used in courses 4.4.3 11.1 12.1.3 13.3.4 13.17.2
Related Visual hierarchy, Margins
The share of trades that end in a profit. It means little on its own without the size of wins and losses.
In simple words The share of bets that end up winning.
Example Winning 4 of 10 trades is a 40% win rate.
Used in courses 2.4.4 2.5.4 2.24.2 2.24.4 5.5.3 5.10.3 5.11.4 5.12 5.21 5.22
Related Expectancy, Risk-to-reward (R:R)
A shot the opponent cannot reach or return, so it wins the point.
In simple words A shot so good the other player cannot hit it back.
Example A crosscourt shot that lands in the corner and bounces past you.
Used in courses 1.1 1.6 2.3 2.6.3 2.9 2.9.3 2.14.4 3.2.3 3.4.3 3.5.3 3.6 3.13
Related Unforced error, Forced error
A goal method with four steps: Wish, Outcome, Obstacle, Plan. You picture the goal, then the main obstacle, and make an if-then plan for it.
In simple words A four-step way to plan: wish, picture it, expect the problem, make a plan.
Example Wish: run Saturday. Obstacle: rain. Plan: if it rains, I will use the indoor track.
Used in courses 9.5.4 9.10 9.10.2
Related Implementation intention, Process goals
The usual order of words in a sentence, which differs between languages.
In simple words The order words go in a sentence.
Example English says 'I eat rice'; Japanese puts the verb last.
The syllable in a word that is said louder, longer or higher than the others.
In simple words The part of a word you say the strongest.
Example In 'PHOtograph', the first syllable is stressed.
Used in courses 1.1 1.4.4 2.2.4 2.3.4 2.5 2.6 2.12.4 2.13.2 2.14.3 2.15.2 2.16.3 2.17.2
Related Sentence stress, Intonation
A measure of typing speed. One word counts as five characters. Net WPM subtracts mistakes; gross WPM does not.
In simple words How many words you can type in one minute.
Example Typing 200 characters in one minute is about 40 words per minute.
Used in courses 9.2.2 13.9 13.9.2 13.9.3 13.9.4 13.17 13.17.2
Related Touch typing
In physics, force multiplied by the distance an object moves in the direction of the force. It is measured in joules.
In simple words Using a force to move something over a distance.
Example Pushing a box across a room does work on it.
Used in courses 1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4
A way of splitting a project into smaller pieces of work until each can be estimated and assigned.
In simple words Breaking a big job into smaller jobs.
Example An event is split into venue, food and invitations.
A repeatable series of steps that turns an input into a result, with clear hand-offs between people and tools.
In simple words The steps you follow every time to get a job done.
Example New form entry, then AI summary, then person approves, then reply is sent.
Used in courses 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2.3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.5.4 1.6 1.6.2
Related Trigger, Runbook, Swimlane map
A short document where a team agrees on how it will work together: hours, tools, meetings, decisions and handoffs.
In simple words A team's agreed rules for working together.
Example The team agrees to reply to messages within one working day.
Used in courses 8.6.2 8.6.3 8.6.4
Related Definition of done
The list at the end of an MLA paper that gives full details for every source you used in the text.
In simple words The list at the end showing every source you used.
Example Each quote in the paper has a matching entry in the Works Cited list.
Used in courses 13.1.2 13.10.2 13.11 13.11.2 13.11.4 13.13.2
Related MLA, Bibliography, Annotated bibliography
A rating scale used to describe a tennis player's level so players of similar level can be matched.
In simple words A number that shows how good a tennis player is.
Example Two players with close numbers have a fair match.
Related Tiebreak
A spreadsheet formula that finds a value in one column and returns a matching value from another, with options for what to do if nothing is found.
In simple words A formula that looks something up and brings back the matching answer.
Example Look up an item code and return its price.
Used in courses 7.1 7.1.2 7.1.3 7.1.4 7.2 7.2.2 13.2
Related SUMIFS
To let another driver, cyclist or pedestrian go first, slowing or stopping if needed.
In simple words Letting someone else go first.
Example Yielding to a pedestrian at a crosswalk.
Used in courses 2.16 2.16.2 2.16.3 2.16.4 2.18.3 2.19 2.19.3 2.21 2.21.3 5.9.3 5.10.2 5.13
Related Right of way, Four-way stop
The part of YouTube Studio that shows how your videos perform, including views, watch time, where viewers come from and revenue estimates.
In simple words The page that shows how your videos are doing.
Example You check which video brings the most new subscribers.
Used in courses 1.6 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.6.4 1.7.2 1.7.3 3.3.3 3.3.4 3.9 4.3 4.3.2 4.3.3
YouTube's programme that lets creators earn from ads and other features after meeting its rules. Eligibility rules change, so check YouTube's current page.
In simple words The way YouTube pays creators once they qualify.
Example A channel applies after it meets the current requirements.
Related Reused content, Creator integrity
An online tool that connects apps and runs automatic steps when a trigger happens. A single automation there is called a Zap.
In simple words A tool that links your apps so they do chores automatically.
Example When a form is filled in, a Zap adds a row to a spreadsheet.
A sale that is taxable at 0 percent, such as many exports and basic groceries. You still keep records and can usually claim tax paid on costs.
In simple words A sale where the sales tax is zero, but it still counts.
Example Selling goods to a customer outside Canada may be zero-rated.
Used in courses 2.29.3 2.31 5.8.3
Related GST/HST, Input tax credit (ITC)
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