How Japanese works
Japanese is written with three sets of letters. Hiragana is like the friendly everyday alphabet, katakana is for words from other languages, and kanji are picture-like characters that carry meaning.
- Hiragana: a sound-based script; each character is one syllable (for example か = ka). Used for Japanese words and grammar endings.
- Katakana: a second sound-based script, mostly for foreign words and names (for example カナダ = Kanada, Canada).
- Kanji: characters that carry meaning (for example 日 = sun/day).
- Japanese has five vowels, always pronounced the same way: a (ah), i (ee), u (oo), e (eh), o (oh).
- A line over a vowel (ō, ū) means "hold it longer": arigatō has a long "o" at the end.
- The "u" in desu and -masu is usually very soft, so they sound like "dess" and "mahss".
- Japanese uses high and low pitch rather than strong English-style stress. As a beginner, say each syllable evenly and clearly.
| Hiragana | Sound | How to say it |
|---|---|---|
| あ | a | ah |
| い | i | ee |
| う | u | oo |
| え | e | eh |
| お | o | oh |
- Look at the three scripts in the lesson: hiragana, katakana and kanji. Say which is used for Japanese words and which for foreign words.
- Say the five vowels out loud: a (ah), i (ee), u (oo), e (eh), o (oh).
- Write あ い う え お five times each, saying each sound as you write.
- Cover the sounds and read the five letters back.
- Say arigatō and notice the long o at the end.
- Check: you can read all five vowels without looking at the sounds.
Videos by other creators on YouTube, for reference. They are not made by or affiliated with The Future Market.
Read the video script
[Host] "Japanese has three writing systems. Don't panic: we start with the friendliest one, hiragana."
[Text on screen: hiragana / katakana / kanji] "Hiragana for Japanese words, katakana for foreign words, kanji for meaning."
[Text on screen: あ い う え お] "Here are the five vowels: a, i, u, e, o. Ah, ee, oo, eh, oh."
[Host] "Say them with me three times. You just read your first Japanese letters."
Write あ い う え お five times each on paper while saying the sound out loud. Then cover the sounds and read them back.
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I'm learning "Japanese for Beginners" on The Future Market. Lesson 1: "How Japanese works". What the lesson teaches: - Hiragana: a sound-based script; each character is one syllable (for example か = ka). Used for Japanese words and grammar endings. - Katakana: a second sound-based script, mostly for foreign words and names (for example カナダ = Kanada, Canada). - Kanji: characters that carry meaning (for example 日 = sun/day). - Japanese has five vowels, always pronounced the same way: a (ah), i (ee), u (oo), e (eh), o (oh). - A line over a vowel (ō, ū) means "hold it longer": arigatō has a long "o" at the end. - The "u" in desu and -masu is usually very soft, so they sound like "dess" and "mahss". - Japanese uses high and low pitch rather than strong English-style stress. As a beginner, say each syllable evenly and clearly. The exercise I'm working on: Write あ い う え お five times each on paper while saying the sound out loud. Then cover the sounds and read them back. I'm stuck. Please: 1. Explain the main idea in plain, simple words with one everyday example. 2. Walk me through the exercise one small step at a time. Ask me what I've done so far before giving the next step. 3. Don't just give me the final answer. Help me do it myself, and check my work when I share it.
I'm a parent helping my child (about 8 years old) with a lesson called "How Japanese works" from the course "Japanese for Beginners". Here's what the lesson says: Japanese is written with three sets of letters. Hiragana is like the friendly everyday alphabet, katakana is for words from other languages, and kanji are picture-like characters that carry meaning. The activity: Write あ い う え お five times each on paper while saying the sound out loud. Then cover the sounds and read them back. Please explain this so an 8-year-old understands: short sentences, a fun everyday example, and no hard words. Then give me 3 simple questions I can ask my child to check they understood, and a way to do the activity together, one tiny step at a time.
Sources
- The Japan Foundation, IRODORI Japanese for Life in Japan (learning materials): www.irodori.jpf.go.jp/en/
The hiragana chart
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Polite greetings
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Introducing yourself
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Numbers, food and shopping
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Survival phrases
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Final project
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Quiz
What are the three Japanese writing systems?
Hiragana, katakana and kanji.
How many basic hiragana are there?
46.
How is は read when it is a particle, as in こんにちは?
wa.
What does adding ゛ to か make?
が (ga).
What is the polite way to say "thank you"?
ありがとうございます (arigatō gozaimasu).
Should you add "-san" to your own name?
No, only to other people's names.
What do you say before eating?
いただきます (itadakimasu).
How do you say "I don't understand"?
わかりません (wakarimasen).
Why is トイレ written in katakana?
It comes from a foreign word.
Final exam
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Certificate
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