Before this course: Mentorship: How to Find and Be a Mentor (course 9.8). You already know the roles (mentor, coach, teacher, sponsor, peer), how to ask for a first conversation, how to follow up, and the basic habits of a good mentor. Here we practise the mentor's side in more depth: agreements, goals, sessions, feedback and endings.
Before this course, and what the evidence says
A good helper is like a good swimming guide. They do not swim for you. They stay close, ask what you want to try next, and tell you what they see. But a guide who leaves after one day can make you feel worse than if you had never started.
- Mentoring effects are usually small. DuBois and colleagues published two large reviews of youth mentoring programs (2002 and 2011). A later paper summarising them reports average effects of about g = 0.18 to 0.21, which is small. The best programmes did better than the average.
- Coaching looks somewhat stronger in workplace studies, but with limits. A meta-analysis of 18 studies (Theeboom, Beersma and van Vianen, 2014) reported effect sizes from g = 0.43 (coping) to g = 0.74 (goal-directed self-regulation). Later reviews warn that earlier coaching reviews may have overstated effects because of study design. Treat those numbers as "promising", not "proven for you".
- Duration matters. In a study of 1,138 young people matched with Big Brothers Big Sisters mentors, matches that lasted a year or more showed the largest improvements. Matches that ended within about three months were linked with small drops in self-worth and in how capable the young person felt at school (Grossman and Rhodes, 2002). Secondary reviews describe this as a risk of harm from very early endings.
- What this means for you: a mentor is a real help but not a miracle. Reliability (showing up, ending properly) may matter as much as clever advice.
- Honest limit: these studies report averages. They cannot tell you what will happen in one pair.
| Finding | Plain meaning |
|---|---|
| Average effects g about 0.2 | Real but small help on average |
| Longer matches did better | Do not start unless you can stay |
| Very early endings linked to small drops | If you must stop, close properly (Lesson 7) |
- Write your own mentoring situation in one line: who you mentor (or will mentor) and for how long you can commit.
- Write the main finding of each study above in your own words.
- Next to each, write one thing it means for your plan (for example, "I can commit to 6 months, not 2 weeks").
- Write one thing you cannot know from these studies.
- Check: your page has one line of commitment, three findings and one limit.
Read the video script
[Host] "Does mentoring work? On average, yes, a little."
[Text on screen: Average effects about g = 0.2] "Big reviews of youth mentoring found small average effects."
[Text on screen: Matches under 3 months: small drops] "And in one big study, matches that ended within about three months were linked with small drops in self-worth."
[Host] "So the honest lesson is simple: commit to what you can finish, and show up."
Write one page: how long you can commit to a mentee, how often you can meet, and what you will do if you can no longer continue.
ClaudeStuck? Copy a ready-made prompt for Claude
Copy this, open Claude, paste it, and Claude will walk you through the lesson step by step.
For a grown-up: Claude is for adults (18+). Copy this, paste it into Claude, and use the answer to explain the lesson to your child.
I'm learning "Mentoring in Practice: goals and sessions" on The Future Market. Lesson 1: "Before this course, and what the evidence says". What the lesson teaches: - Mentoring effects are usually small. DuBois and colleagues published two large reviews of youth mentoring programs (2002 and 2011). A later paper summarising them reports average effects of about g = 0.18 to 0.21, which is small. The best programmes did better than the average. - Coaching looks somewhat stronger in workplace studies, but with limits. A meta-analysis of 18 studies (Theeboom, Beersma and van Vianen, 2014) reported effect sizes from g = 0.43 (coping) to g = 0.74 (goal-directed self-regulation). Later reviews warn that earlier coaching reviews may have overstated effects because of study design. Treat those numbers as "promising", not "proven for you". - Duration matters. In a study of 1,138 young people matched with Big Brothers Big Sisters mentors, matches that lasted a year or more showed the largest improvements. Matches that ended within about three months were linked with small drops in self-worth and in how capable the young person felt at school (Grossman and Rhodes, 2002). Secondary reviews describe this as a risk of harm from very early endings. - What this means for you: a mentor is a real help but not a miracle. Reliability (showing up, ending properly) may matter as much as clever advice. - Honest limit: these studies report averages. They cannot tell you what will happen in one pair. - Finding - Plain meaning - Average effects g about 0.2 - Real but small help on average The exercise I'm working on: Write one page: how long you can commit to a mentee, how often you can meet, and what you will do if you can no longer continue. I'm stuck. Please: 1. Explain the main idea in plain, simple words with one everyday example. 2. Walk me through the exercise one small step at a time. Ask me what I've done so far before giving the next step. 3. Don't just give me the final answer. Help me do it myself, and check my work when I share it.
I'm a parent helping my child (about 8 years old) with a lesson called "Before this course, and what the evidence says" from the course "Mentoring in Practice: goals and sessions". Here's what the lesson says: A good helper is like a good swimming guide. They do not swim for you. They stay close, ask what you want to try next, and tell you what they see. But a guide who leaves after one day can make you feel worse than if you had never started. The activity: Write one page: how long you can commit to a mentee, how often you can meet, and what you will do if you can no longer continue. Please explain this so an 8-year-old understands: short sentences, a fun everyday example, and no hard words. Then give me 3 simple questions I can ask my child to check they understood, and a way to do the activity together, one tiny step at a time.
Sources
- DuBois et al. (2011), "How Effective Are Mentoring Programs for Youth? A Systematic Assessment of the Evidence," Psychological Science in the Public Interest: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26167708/
- Theeboom, Beersma & van Vianen (2014), "Does coaching work?" The Journal of Positive Psychology: doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2013.837499
- Grossman & Rhodes (2002), "The test of time: predictors and effects of duration in youth mentoring relationships," American Journal of Community Psychology: doi.org/10.1023/A:1014680827552
Start with an agreement
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Turn wishes into goals (and use GROW)
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Run a session
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Give feedback that helps
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Track progress and handle hard moments
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End well and review your practice
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Final project
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Quiz
About how big were the average effects in large youth mentoring reviews?
Small (around g = 0.2).
What did Grossman and Rhodes (2002) find about very early endings?
Matches that ended within about three months were linked with small drops in self-worth and school confidence.
Name three parts of a mentoring agreement.
Any three of: goals, time, how to reach each other, confidentiality, boundaries, ending.
What is the safety exception to confidentiality?
If someone may be in danger, tell a responsible adult or the programme.
What does GROW stand for?
Goal, Reality, Options, Will.
Is there strong evidence that GROW itself improves outcomes?
No; we found no controlled studies, so it is a handy tip, not a proven method.
What did Kluger and DeNisi (1996) find about feedback?
It helped on average (d = 0.41) but made performance worse in more than a third of cases.
Which kind of feedback is least useful: about the task or about the person?
About the person (praise or blame aimed at the self).
What does monitoring progress do for goals?
It helps goal attainment (about d = 0.40 in 138 studies), more so when written down or shared.
What should you do if a mentee talks about self-harm?
Do not promise secrecy; tell a responsible adult or the programme. If someone is in danger, call your local emergency number and look up your country's crisis line (for example 9-8-8 in Canada, call or text, 24/7).
What are the steps of a good ending?
Tell early, review goals, thank them, agree on contact, point to other help.
Is a mentor a therapist or doctor?
No; know your limits and refer.
Final exam
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Certificate
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