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School of Life & Soft Skills

Mentoring in Practice: goals and sessions

Step 6 of 8 in The Commons

Next in your path: 9.9.3 Growth Culture: teams and schools

What you'll be able to do
  • Read the research on mentoring and coaching with effect sizes and limits in mind, not hype.
  • Start a mentoring relationship with a clear agreement: goals, time, boundaries, confidentiality and safety.
  • Turn a vague wish into a goal and run a session with the GROW structure, while knowing GROW is a tool and not a proven formula.
  • Give feedback that helps, knowing that some feedback makes performance worse.
  • Track progress, handle hard moments, know when to refer someone to a professional, and end a mentoring relationship well.
Words in this course 33Open the Vocabulary Hall
01

Before this course, and what the evidence says

In simple words

A good helper is like a good swimming guide. They do not swim for you. They stay close, ask what you want to try next, and tell you what they see. But a guide who leaves after one day can make you feel worse than if you had never started.

Before this course: Mentorship: How to Find and Be a Mentor (course 9.8). You already know the roles (mentor, coach, teacher, sponsor, peer), how to ask for a first conversation, how to follow up, and the basic habits of a good mentor. Here we practise the mentor's side in more depth: agreements, goals, sessions, feedback and endings.

Key facts
  • Mentoring effects are usually small. DuBois and colleagues published two large reviews of youth mentoring programs (2002 and 2011). A later paper summarising them reports average effects of about g = 0.18 to 0.21, which is small. The best programmes did better than the average.
  • Coaching looks somewhat stronger in workplace studies, but with limits. A meta-analysis of 18 studies (Theeboom, Beersma and van Vianen, 2014) reported effect sizes from g = 0.43 (coping) to g = 0.74 (goal-directed self-regulation). Later reviews warn that earlier coaching reviews may have overstated effects because of study design. Treat those numbers as "promising", not "proven for you".
  • Duration matters. In a study of 1,138 young people matched with Big Brothers Big Sisters mentors, matches that lasted a year or more showed the largest improvements. Matches that ended within about three months were linked with small drops in self-worth and in how capable the young person felt at school (Grossman and Rhodes, 2002). Secondary reviews describe this as a risk of harm from very early endings.
  • What this means for you: a mentor is a real help but not a miracle. Reliability (showing up, ending properly) may matter as much as clever advice.
  • Honest limit: these studies report averages. They cannot tell you what will happen in one pair.
FindingPlain meaning
Average effects g about 0.2Real but small help on average
Longer matches did betterDo not start unless you can stay
Very early endings linked to small dropsIf you must stop, close properly (Lesson 7)
Step by step
  1. Write your own mentoring situation in one line: who you mentor (or will mentor) and for how long you can commit.
  2. Write the main finding of each study above in your own words.
  3. Next to each, write one thing it means for your plan (for example, "I can commit to 6 months, not 2 weeks").
  4. Write one thing you cannot know from these studies.
  5. Check: your page has one line of commitment, three findings and one limit.
LESSON 01Before this course, and what the evidence says
LESSON 01 / ANIMATED LESSON / AI VOICE00:00 / 01:00
Read the video script
[Host] "Does mentoring work? On average, yes, a little."
[Text on screen: Average effects about g = 0.2] "Big reviews of youth mentoring found small average effects."
[Text on screen: Matches under 3 months: small drops] "And in one big study, matches that ended within about three months were linked with small drops in self-worth."
[Host] "So the honest lesson is simple: commit to what you can finish, and show up."
Try it now

Write one page: how long you can commit to a mentee, how often you can meet, and what you will do if you can no longer continue.

ClaudeStuck? Copy a ready-made prompt for Claude

Copy this, open Claude, paste it, and Claude will walk you through the lesson step by step.

For a grown-up: Claude is for adults (18+). Copy this, paste it into Claude, and use the answer to explain the lesson to your child.

I'm learning "Mentoring in Practice: goals and sessions" on The Future Market. Lesson 1: "Before this course, and what the evidence says".

What the lesson teaches:
- Mentoring effects are usually small. DuBois and colleagues published two large reviews of youth mentoring programs (2002 and 2011). A later paper summarising them reports average effects of about g = 0.18 to 0.21, which is small. The best programmes did better than the average.
- Coaching looks somewhat stronger in workplace studies, but with limits. A meta-analysis of 18 studies (Theeboom, Beersma and van Vianen, 2014) reported effect sizes from g = 0.43 (coping) to g = 0.74 (goal-directed self-regulation). Later reviews warn that earlier coaching reviews may have overstated effects because of study design. Treat those numbers as "promising", not "proven for you".
- Duration matters. In a study of 1,138 young people matched with Big Brothers Big Sisters mentors, matches that lasted a year or more showed the largest improvements. Matches that ended within about three months were linked with small drops in self-worth and in how capable the young person felt at school (Grossman and Rhodes, 2002). Secondary reviews describe this as a risk of harm from very early endings.
- What this means for you: a mentor is a real help but not a miracle. Reliability (showing up, ending properly) may matter as much as clever advice.
- Honest limit: these studies report averages. They cannot tell you what will happen in one pair.
- Finding - Plain meaning
- Average effects g about 0.2 - Real but small help on average

The exercise I'm working on:
Write one page: how long you can commit to a mentee, how often you can meet, and what you will do if you can no longer continue.

I'm stuck. Please:
1. Explain the main idea in plain, simple words with one everyday example.
2. Walk me through the exercise one small step at a time. Ask me what I've done so far before giving the next step.
3. Don't just give me the final answer. Help me do it myself, and check my work when I share it.
I'm a parent helping my child (about 8 years old) with a lesson called "Before this course, and what the evidence says" from the course "Mentoring in Practice: goals and sessions".

Here's what the lesson says:
A good helper is like a good swimming guide. They do not swim for you. They stay close, ask what you want to try next, and tell you what they see. But a guide who leaves after one day can make you feel worse than if you had never started.

The activity:
Write one page: how long you can commit to a mentee, how often you can meet, and what you will do if you can no longer continue.

Please explain this so an 8-year-old understands: short sentences, a fun everyday example, and no hard words.
Then give me 3 simple questions I can ask my child to check they understood, and a way to do the activity together, one tiny step at a time.
Open Claude
Sources
  • DuBois et al. (2011), "How Effective Are Mentoring Programs for Youth? A Systematic Assessment of the Evidence," Psychological Science in the Public Interest: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26167708/
  • Theeboom, Beersma & van Vianen (2014), "Does coaching work?" The Journal of Positive Psychology: doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2013.837499
  • Grossman & Rhodes (2002), "The test of time: predictors and effects of duration in youth mentoring relationships," American Journal of Community Psychology: doi.org/10.1023/A:1014680827552
My notes
02

Start with an agreement

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

03

Turn wishes into goals (and use GROW)

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

04

Run a session

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05

Give feedback that helps

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

06

Track progress and handle hard moments

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

07

End well and review your practice

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

++

Final project

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??

Quiz

  1. About how big were the average effects in large youth mentoring reviews?

  2. What did Grossman and Rhodes (2002) find about very early endings?

  3. Name three parts of a mentoring agreement.

  4. What is the safety exception to confidentiality?

  5. What does GROW stand for?

  6. Is there strong evidence that GROW itself improves outcomes?

  7. What did Kluger and DeNisi (1996) find about feedback?

  8. Which kind of feedback is least useful: about the task or about the person?

  9. What does monitoring progress do for goals?

  10. What should you do if a mentee talks about self-harm?

  11. What are the steps of a good ending?

  12. Is a mentor a therapist or doctor?

EX

Final exam

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

CE

Certificate

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.