THE FUTURE MARKETACADEMY
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School of Business

Financial Plan: forecasts, budgets and break-even

What you'll be able to do
  • Build a start-up budget that separates one-time costs from monthly costs.
  • Forecast 12 months of sales with a low, expected and high case.
  • Turn your sales forecast into a profit forecast and a cash flow forecast, and explain why they differ.
  • Calculate break-even in units and in dollars, and test it with simple "what if" changes.
  • Pull it all into a simple financial plan that a bank, partner or advisor can read.

This course is education only. It is not financial, tax or accounting advice. If you will use these numbers to borrow money, bring in partners or file taxes, have an accountant or business advisor review them.

Words in this course 57Open the Vocabulary Hall
01

Before this course, and how a financial plan is built

In simple words

In the beginner course you counted the lemons and cups for one lemonade stand. Now you plan a whole year of lemonade: how much money comes in each month, how much goes out, and whether you still have coins left when the rainy weeks come.

Key facts
  • Before this course: Business Plan in One Weekend (course 2.3). You should already have a one-sentence idea, a price, start-up costs, fixed costs, variable cost per sale and a first break-even number. Here we go one step deeper and build the full numbers.
  • A financial plan usually has four parts: a start-up budget, a sales forecast, a profit forecast (also called an income or profit and loss forecast) and a cash flow forecast.
  • A forecast is an educated estimate of the future based on facts you can check (prices, past results, quotes), not a promise.
  • An assumption is a number you chose because you do not know it yet, for example "I will get 20 new customers a month". Write every assumption on its own row so you can change it later.
  • Keep one spreadsheet with a tab for assumptions, and let the other tabs use those cells. Then one change updates everything.
  • The BDC (Business Development Bank of Canada) describes a cash flow forecast as a projection of your future cash position built from past results and expected revenue. A forecast can help you see cash needs coming and can show lenders and investors that you have thought it through.
Step by step
  1. Open a new spreadsheet (Google Sheets or Excel) and name it "Financial plan v1".
  2. Make five tabs: Assumptions, Start-up, Sales, Profit, Cash.
  3. On the Assumptions tab, copy in your numbers from course 2.3: price, variable cost per sale, fixed costs per month and start-up costs.
  4. Add a column called "Where this number came from" (a quote, a competitor price, a customer, or "my guess").
  5. Mark every guess in yellow. These are the numbers you will test later.
  6. Check: every number on the Assumptions tab has a source note, and guesses are marked.
Watch on YouTube
How to create a cash flow forecast in a spreadsheet (free template)Avalon Accounting · YouTube · youtube.com

Videos by other creators on YouTube, for reference. They are not made by or affiliated with The Future Market.

LESSON 01Before this course, and how a financial plan is built
LESSON 01 / ANIMATED LESSON / AI VOICE00:00 / 01:00
Read the video script
[Host] "You have a one-page plan. Now we turn it into numbers a bank can read."
[Text on screen: Start-up, Sales, Profit, Cash] "A financial plan has four parts: start-up budget, sales forecast, profit forecast and cash flow forecast."
[Screen: a spreadsheet tab called Assumptions] "Put every guess on one tab, with where it came from. Change one cell and everything updates."
[Host] "A forecast is not a promise. It is a careful guess you can check and improve."
Try it now

Create the five-tab spreadsheet. Fill in the Assumptions tab with your numbers from course 2.3 and mark each guess in yellow.

ClaudeStuck? Copy a ready-made prompt for Claude

Copy this, open Claude, paste it, and Claude will walk you through the lesson step by step.

For a grown-up: Claude is for adults (18+). Copy this, paste it into Claude, and use the answer to explain the lesson to your child.

I'm learning "Financial Plan: forecasts, budgets and break-even" on The Future Market. Lesson 1: "Before this course, and how a financial plan is built".

What the lesson teaches:
- Before this course: Business Plan in One Weekend (course 2.3). You should already have a one-sentence idea, a price, start-up costs, fixed costs, variable cost per sale and a first break-even number. Here we go one step deeper and build the full numbers.
- A financial plan usually has four parts: a start-up budget, a sales forecast, a profit forecast (also called an income or profit and loss forecast) and a cash flow forecast.
- A forecast is an educated estimate of the future based on facts you can check (prices, past results, quotes), not a promise.
- An assumption is a number you chose because you do not know it yet, for example "I will get 20 new customers a month". Write every assumption on its own row so you can change it later.
- Keep one spreadsheet with a tab for assumptions, and let the other tabs use those cells. Then one change updates everything.
- The BDC (Business Development Bank of Canada) describes a cash flow forecast as a projection of your future cash position built from past results and expected revenue. A forecast can help you see cash needs coming and can show lenders and investors that you have thought it through.

The exercise I'm working on:
Create the five-tab spreadsheet. Fill in the Assumptions tab with your numbers from course 2.3 and mark each guess in yellow.

I'm stuck. Please:
1. Explain the main idea in plain, simple words with one everyday example.
2. Walk me through the exercise one small step at a time. Ask me what I've done so far before giving the next step.
3. Don't just give me the final answer. Help me do it myself, and check my work when I share it.
I'm a parent helping my child (about 8 years old) with a lesson called "Before this course, and how a financial plan is built" from the course "Financial Plan: forecasts, budgets and break-even".

Here's what the lesson says:
In the beginner course you counted the lemons and cups for one lemonade stand. Now you plan a whole year of lemonade: how much money comes in each month, how much goes out, and whether you still have coins left when the rainy weeks come.

The activity:
Create the five-tab spreadsheet. Fill in the Assumptions tab with your numbers from course 2.3 and mark each guess in yellow.

Please explain this so an 8-year-old understands: short sentences, a fun everyday example, and no hard words.
Then give me 3 simple questions I can ask my child to check they understood, and a way to do the activity together, one tiny step at a time.
Open Claude
Sources
My notes
02

The start-up budget

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

03

The 12-month sales forecast

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

04

The profit forecast (income statement)

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05

The cash flow forecast

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

06

Break-even, deeper, and "what if" tests

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

07

Present, update and compare to reality

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

++

Final project

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??

Quiz

  1. Name the four parts of a financial plan.

  2. What is an assumption?

  3. What is working cash?

  4. Why build the sales forecast from the bottom up?

  5. Why make a low case?

  6. Revenue minus cost of sales equals what?

  7. Why can a profitable business run out of cash?

  8. What is the cash formula for each month?

  9. Why check the small-business sales-tax threshold in your country?

  10. Name two ways to lower your break-even point.

  11. What is a margin of safety?

  12. Why compare actual numbers to the forecast?

EX

Final exam

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

CE

Certificate

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.