Two beginners each have 500 square metres. One plants whatever seeds are cheap. The other first asks three local restaurants and a market stall what they struggle to buy, then plants that. The second farmer has buyers waiting before the first seed goes in.
Is a small farm a business for you?
A farm is like a lemonade stand that takes months to make the lemonade. You plant, you wait, you care for it, and only at the end do you get something to sell. So you need a plan for who will buy it before you plant.
- Small and family farms matter. FAO estimates there are more than 608 million family farms in the world, producing around 80 percent of the world's food in value terms. Farms under 2 hectares are five of every six farms, work about 12 percent of farmland and produce roughly 35 percent of the world's food (FAO, 23 April 2021).
- A hobby garden and a farm business are different. In the USA, the IRS Farmer's Tax Guide (Publication 225) treats farming as a business only when it is carried on to make a profit. Other countries have their own tests, so ask a tax professional where you live.
- Farming money comes in lumps. You pay for seeds, inputs and labour for weeks or months before the first sale. Plan cash for that waiting time.
- The big risks are weather, pests and disease, prices that drop at harvest, and crops that spoil before they sell.
- Measure or estimate how much land you can use, in square metres or hectares.
- Write down where your water comes from and whether it lasts in a dry spell.
- Write the hours per week you can give to the farm.
- Write how much money you can spend without borrowing, and how long you can wait before the first sale.
- List three possible buyers you could talk to this week (a market stall, a restaurant, a neighbour group).
- Put it all on one page.
- Check: the page answers four questions: how much land and water, how many hours, how much money, and who might buy.
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Read the video script
[Host] "A farm is a business where the product takes months to make."
[Text on screen: Pay first. Sell later.] "You pay for seeds, water and work long before your first sale."
[Text on screen: FAO 2021: 608 million+ family farms] "Family farms feed much of the world, and most farms on Earth are small."
[Host] "So before you plant anything, answer one question: who will buy this?"
Write one page: how much land and water you have, how many hours a week you can give, how much money you can spend without borrowing, and three possible buyers you could talk to this week.
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I'm learning "Start a Small Farm: vegetables & crops as a business" on The Future Market. Lesson 1: "Is a small farm a business for you?". What the lesson teaches: - Small and family farms matter. FAO estimates there are more than 608 million family farms in the world, producing around 80 percent of the world's food in value terms. Farms under 2 hectares are five of every six farms, work about 12 percent of farmland and produce roughly 35 percent of the world's food (FAO, 23 April 2021). - A hobby garden and a farm business are different. In the USA, the IRS Farmer's Tax Guide (Publication 225) treats farming as a business only when it is carried on to make a profit. Other countries have their own tests, so ask a tax professional where you live. - Farming money comes in lumps. You pay for seeds, inputs and labour for weeks or months before the first sale. Plan cash for that waiting time. - The big risks are weather, pests and disease, prices that drop at harvest, and crops that spoil before they sell. The exercise I'm working on: Write one page: how much land and water you have, how many hours a week you can give, how much money you can spend without borrowing, and three possible buyers you could talk to this week. I'm stuck. Please: 1. Explain the main idea in plain, simple words with one everyday example. 2. Walk me through the exercise one small step at a time. Ask me what I've done so far before giving the next step. 3. Don't just give me the final answer. Help me do it myself, and check my work when I share it.
I'm a parent helping my child (about 8 years old) with a lesson called "Is a small farm a business for you?" from the course "Start a Small Farm: vegetables & crops as a business". Here's what the lesson says: A farm is like a lemonade stand that takes months to make the lemonade. You plant, you wait, you care for it, and only at the end do you get something to sell. So you need a plan for who will buy it before you plant. The activity: Write one page: how much land and water you have, how many hours a week you can give, how much money you can spend without borrowing, and three possible buyers you could talk to this week. Please explain this so an 8-year-old understands: short sentences, a fun everyday example, and no hard words. Then give me 3 simple questions I can ask my child to check they understood, and a way to do the activity together, one tiny step at a time.
Sources
- FAO newsroom, Small family farmers produce a third of the world's food (23 April 2021): www.fao.org/newsroom/detail/small-family-farmers-produce-a-third-of-th
- IRS, Publication 225, Farmer's Tax Guide: www.irs.gov/publications/p225
Start with buyers, then land, water and soil
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Costs, yields and your price
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Grow safely: pesticides, fertilisers and food safety
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Harvest, sell and keep records
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Rules where you live
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Final project
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Quiz
What should you decide before choosing what to plant?
Who will buy it, how much, at what price and how they pay.
How do you work out cost per kilo?
Total costs for the crop divided by the kilos you actually sold.
What does "the label is the law" mean?
You must use a pesticide only as its label directs; using it any other way breaks the law (for example US federal law, or Canada's Pest Control Products Act).
What is IPM?
Integrated pest management: prevention and regular checking first, chemicals only when needed.
Roughly what share of food did FAO say is lost between harvest and retail?
Around 14 percent (FAO, 2021).
What is a CSA?
Community supported agriculture: customers pay ahead for a share of the harvest.
Which agency issues PhilGAP certification in the Philippines?
The Bureau of Plant Industry (Department of Agriculture).
In the UK, how long before trading should a food business register with the council?
At least 28 days.
Final exam
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Certificate
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