Load, stress and adaptation
A muscle is like a plant. It needs some sun to grow, but too much sun in one day burns it. Training is the sun, rest is the water and sleep, and growing happens in between.
Before this course: Training Programmes: progressions and tracking (course 10.4.2), which builds on Home Fitness Basics (course 10.4). This course assumes you know FITT, the talk test, the 0 to 10 effort scale, one-thing-at-a-time progression, easier weeks and stop signs. If these feel shaky, go back to course 10.4.2 first.
- ACSM's position stand on resistance training progression says the foremost principles of progression are progressive overload, specificity and variation.
| Principle | Plain meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Progressive overload | Ask the body for a little more than it is used to, step by step | Add reps, then a set, then a harder version |
| Specificity | The body adapts to what you practise | Squats help legs; they do not train a tennis serve directly |
| Variation | Change volume or intensity over time so training stays challenging | Easy and harder weeks |
- Training load is the total stress of training. Coaches often think of it as how much (volume), how hard (intensity) and how often (frequency).
- The ECSS and ACSM joint consensus statement on overtraining (Meeusen and colleagues, 2013) says successful training must involve overload, but must avoid the combination of excessive overload and inadequate recovery.
- Adaptation happens during recovery after training, not only during it. That is why sleep and rest days belong in a programme. CSEP recommends 7 to 9 hours of good-quality sleep for adults 18 to 64.
- ACSM says its recommendations should be applied in context, depending on a person's goals, physical capacity and training status. A beginner and an experienced athlete need different programmes.
- Much of the research is from healthy adults. Children, older adults and people with health conditions need professional guidance.
- Write the three principles in your own words with one example each from a sport you know (tennis, pickleball or fitness).
- Take your course 10.4.2 programme or a simple weekly plan and mark where you apply overload, specificity and variation.
- Mark where recovery is planned: rest days, sleep target and easier weeks.
- Write one sentence: "My training load this week is ... (minutes, sets, effort)".
- Check: you can explain why more training is not always better.
Videos by other creators on YouTube, for reference. They are not made by or affiliated with The Future Market.
Read the video script
[Host] "Training is a stress. You grow when you recover from it."
[Text on screen: Overload, specificity, variation] "ACSM names three main principles: progressive overload, specificity and variation."
[Text on screen: Overload plus recovery] "A joint consensus statement says training needs overload, but not too much overload with too little recovery."
[Screen: sleep and rest days on a calendar] "Rest days and seven to nine hours of sleep are part of the plan, for adults."
[Host] "More is not always better. Better is better."
Write one page: the three principles with an example each, and a weekly plan marked with where overload, specificity, variation and recovery appear.
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I'm learning "Strength & Conditioning Concepts: periodisation and injury prevention" on The Future Market. Lesson 1: "Load, stress and adaptation". What the lesson teaches: - ACSM's position stand on resistance training progression says the foremost principles of progression are progressive overload, specificity and variation. - Principle - Plain meaning - Example - Progressive overload - Ask the body for a little more than it is used to, step by step - Add reps, then a set, then a harder version - Specificity - The body adapts to what you practise - Squats help legs; they do not train a tennis serve directly - Variation - Change volume or intensity over time so training stays challenging - Easy and harder weeks - Training load is the total stress of training. Coaches often think of it as how much (volume), how hard (intensity) and how often (frequency). - The ECSS and ACSM joint consensus statement on overtraining (Meeusen and colleagues, 2013) says successful training must involve overload, but must avoid the combination of excessive overload and inadequate recovery. The exercise I'm working on: Write one page: the three principles with an example each, and a weekly plan marked with where overload, specificity, variation and recovery appear. I'm stuck. Please: 1. Explain the main idea in plain, simple words with one everyday example. 2. Walk me through the exercise one small step at a time. Ask me what I've done so far before giving the next step. 3. Don't just give me the final answer. Help me do it myself, and check my work when I share it. 4. This is for learning only. Remind me to check with a licensed professional before I make a real decision about my own money, health or legal situation.
I'm a parent helping my child (about 8 years old) with a lesson called "Load, stress and adaptation" from the course "Strength & Conditioning Concepts: periodisation and injury prevention". Here's what the lesson says: A muscle is like a plant. It needs some sun to grow, but too much sun in one day burns it. Training is the sun, rest is the water and sleep, and growing happens in between. Before this course: Training Programmes: progressions and tracking (course 10.4.2), which builds on Home Fitness Basics (course 10.4). This course assumes you know FITT, the talk test, the 0 to 10 effort scale, one-thing-at-a-time progression, easier weeks and stop signs. If these feel shaky, go back to course 10.4.2 first. The activity: Write one page: the three principles with an example each, and a weekly plan marked with where overload, specificity, variation and recovery appear. Please explain this so an 8-year-old understands: short sentences, a fun everyday example, and no hard words. Then give me 3 simple questions I can ask my child to check they understood, and a way to do the activity together, one tiny step at a time. Keep it general and educational. This is not advice for a real situation.
Sources
- ACSM, Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults (Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2009): pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19204579/
- Meeusen and colleagues, Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the overtraining syndrome: joint consensus statement of ECSS and ACSM (2013): pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23247672/
- Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults 18-64: csepguidelines.ca/guidelines/adults-18-64/
Volume, intensity, frequency and rest
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Periodisation models
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Monitoring load
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Recovery, overreaching and overtraining
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Injury-prevention concepts and scope of practice
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Final project
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Quiz
What three principles does ACSM name as foremost for progression?
Progressive overload, specificity and variation.
What is periodisation, according to ACSM?
The systematic process of altering training variables over time so the stimulus stays challenging and effective.
Name the three periodisation models in this course.
Classic (linear), reverse linear and undulating.
What load range does ACSM recommend for novices?
8 to 12 repetition maximum.
How many days a week does ACSM recommend for novice training?
2 to 3 days.
By how much does ACSM suggest increasing load when you can do one to two reps over the target?
2 to 10%.
What does ACSM say about large jumps in volume?
A dramatic increase in volume is not recommended, to reduce the risk of overtraining.
On the CDC's 0 to 10 effort scale, what number is about moderate effort?
About 5 or 6.
Who diagnoses overtraining syndrome?
A doctor; it is a diagnosis of exclusion, not something a coach diagnoses.
How much sleep do health guidelines recommend for adults 18 to 64?
7 to 9 hours.
Who should clear an athlete to return to competitive sport after a suspected concussion?
A doctor or other qualified health professional, not the coach.
Is exercise as punishment acceptable according to safe-sport codes of conduct?
No. It is listed as physical maltreatment.
Final exam
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Certificate
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