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School of Trades & Practical Skills

Home Repair Basics (Safe DIY)

Step 3 of 7 in The Workshop

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What you'll be able to do
  • Decide when a job is safe to do yourself and when to call a licensed professional.
  • Use a ladder and basic safety gear correctly.
  • Find your water shut-off and electrical panel before something goes wrong.
  • Fix common small problems: a clogged drain, a running toilet, a hole in drywall, gaps that need caulking.
  • Hang a shelf or picture securely.
  • Know the rules where you live for electrical work, gas work, digging and smoke alarms (with Ontario as the worked example).
Words in this course 49Open the Vocabulary Hall
01

Safety first and knowing when to call a pro

In simple words

Some fixes are like tying your shoes: you can learn them. Others, like electricity and gas, are like flying a plane: you need a trained, licensed person. When you're not sure, stop and ask.

Key facts
  • Safety gear: safety glasses, work gloves, a dust mask (or respirator for dusty jobs), and hearing protection for loud tools.
  • Old homes and hidden hazards: before 1990, asbestos was mainly used to insulate buildings and homes. Older materials that may contain it include siding, plaster, ceiling and floor tiles, roofing felt, some paints and sealants, pipe insulation and vermiculite insulation. Health Canada advises not to disturb materials that may contain asbestos and to hire a professional to test before renovating.
  • Electrical (Ontario): homeowners may do electrical work in their own home, but must file a notification (permit) with the Electrical Safety Authority (ESA) before starting, even for little jobs, and have the work reviewed by ESA when complete. Friends, family members and neighbours cannot do electrical work in your home. ESA recommends hiring a Licensed Electrical Contractor as the safest choice.
  • Gas and fuels (Ontario): only TSSA-registered fuels contractors can legally do fuels-related work, like installing or servicing gas furnaces, water heaters, stoves and fireplaces. Do not DIY gas work.
  • Digging (Ontario): before any project that breaks ground (a fence post, deck footing, garden bed), request a free locate from Ontario Dig Authority (formerly Ontario One Call) at least 5 business days before you dig.
  • Call a pro when: it involves gas, wiring beyond what you've notified ESA about (in Ontario) or what your local rules allow, structural changes (removing walls), roofs, major plumbing, suspected asbestos or mould, or anything that makes you nervous.
  • Who may do electrical, plumbing and gas work, and who issues permits, differs by country, province, state and city (see In your country below).
In your country
  • Trades licensing and building permits are provincial and local. Ontario example: electrical work for others must be done by a licensed electrical contracting business and notified to the ESA before it starts; homeowners may do their own work.
  • Ontario: plumbing is a compulsory trade (Skilled Trades Ontario). Building permits come from the municipality.
  • Source: ESA, DIY electrical work: esasafe.com/compliance/diy-electrical-work/
  • Source: Ontario, regulatory roles for construction and renovations: www.ontario.ca/page/regulatory-roles-construction-and-renovations
  • No national licence for electricians, plumbers or contractors. States and cities regulate these trades; check your state licensing board for the trade.
  • Building permits come from the local government: check your city or county building office.
  • Source: SBA, Apply for licenses and permits: www.sba.gov/business-guide/launch-your-business/apply-licenses-permits
  • Registered electrical engineers and registered master electricians are examined and licensed by the Board of Electrical Engineering under the PRC (RA 7920).
  • The Plumbing Law (RA 1378) regulates the trade of master plumber. Contractors are licensed under the Contractors' License Law (RA 4566).
  • Building permits: under the National Building Code (PD 1096, Section 301), no one may build without first getting a building permit from the Building Official where the building is located. Ask the building official of your city or municipality.
  • Source: RA 7920 text: lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1995/ra_7920_1995.html
  • Source: RA 1378 text: lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1955/ra_1378_1955.html
  • Source: Supreme Court, G.R. No. 243931 (14 July 2021), quoting PD 1096 Sections 205 and 301: lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2021/jul2021/gr_243931_2021.html
  • Electrical work is a "special operation": workers must pass training and assessment and hold a special operation certificate (valid 6 years, nationwide) before working.
  • Building permits (施工许可证): before work starts, the builder applies to the housing and urban-rural development department at county level or above where the project is (MOHURD Order No. 18, amended 2018). Projects of CNY 300,000 or less or 300 square metres or less may skip the permit; provinces may adjust the limits.
  • Source: Order No. 30 text (MEM): www.mem.gov.cn/fw/flfgbz/xgxywj/201505/t20150529_237958.shtml
  • Source: MOHURD Order No. 18 (State Council Gazette 2014 No. 28): www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2014/content_2758496.htm
  • Construction businesses need a permit unless they only take minor jobs (for example contracts under 5 million yen; thresholds differ by work type).
  • Before building work starts, the owner must get confirmation from a local building official or a designated body (Building Standards Act Art. 6).
  • Source: MLIT Kanto, Construction business permit (Japanese): www.ktr.mlit.go.jp/kensan/index00000003.html
  • Source: MLIT, Building confirmation and inspection system (Japanese): www.mlit.go.jp/common/001279404.pdf
  • Construction contractors register by category of work (Framework Act on the Construction Industry); minor works set by decree need no registration. Electrical contractors register under the Electrical Construction Business Act.
  • Building permits are local: granted by the head of the Si/Gun/Gu or a provincial governor (Building Act Article 11).
  • Source: Framework Act on the Construction Industry, English text (KLRI): elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/lawViewContent.do?hseq=26041
  • Source: Building Act, English text (KLRI): elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/lawViewContent.do?hseq=31602
Step by step
  1. Walk through your home with a notebook.
  2. Make two lists. List 1, "I can learn this": dripping tap, small wall hole, caulking.
  3. List 2, "Licensed professional": furnace, wiring, gas stove, water heater gas or venting, structural changes, roof, suspected asbestos or mould.
  4. If your home is older, treat old siding, plaster, tiles, pipe insulation and vermiculite insulation as possible asbestos. Do not disturb them.
  5. Remember the rules where you live. In Ontario: electrical work in your own home needs an ESA notification before you start, and gas work must be done by a TSSA-registered fuels contractor. Elsewhere, see In your country above.
  6. Save in your phone the numbers for a licensed electrician and a registered gas contractor (TSSA-registered in Ontario).
  7. Gather your safety gear: safety glasses, work gloves, dust mask, hearing protection.
  8. Check: you have two lists and two phone numbers saved.
Watch on YouTube
AsbestosWorkSafeBC · YouTube · youtube.com

Videos by other creators on YouTube, for reference. They are not made by or affiliated with The Future Market.

LESSON 01Safety first and knowing when to call a pro
LESSON 01 / ANIMATED LESSON / AI VOICE00:00 / 01:15
Read the video script
[Host putting on safety glasses and gloves] "Every repair starts with safety glasses and gloves."
[Text on screen: Electrical = notify ESA first] "In Ontario, you can do electrical work in your own home only if you file a notification with ESA first. Friends and family can't do it for you."
[Text on screen: Gas = TSSA-registered contractor only] "Gas work? Only TSSA-registered fuels contractors can legally do it. Don't touch it."
[Screen: shovel next to a lawn with locate flags] "Digging a post hole? Request a free locate from Ontario Dig Authority at least five business days before."
[Host] "Old house and dusty materials? Don't sand or break them until a professional tests for asbestos."
Try it now

Walk through your home and make two lists: "I can learn this" (for example, a dripping tap or a wall hole) and "Licensed professional" (for example, the furnace, wiring, the gas stove). Save the phone numbers of a licensed electrician and a TSSA-registered contractor in your phone.

ClaudeStuck? Copy a ready-made prompt for Claude

Copy this, open Claude, paste it, and Claude will walk you through the lesson step by step.

For a grown-up: Claude is for adults (18+). Copy this, paste it into Claude, and use the answer to explain the lesson to your child.

I'm learning "Home Repair Basics (Safe DIY)" on The Future Market. Lesson 1: "Safety first and knowing when to call a pro".

What the lesson teaches:
- Safety gear: safety glasses, work gloves, a dust mask (or respirator for dusty jobs), and hearing protection for loud tools.
- Old homes and hidden hazards: before 1990, asbestos was mainly used to insulate buildings and homes. Older materials that may contain it include siding, plaster, ceiling and floor tiles, roofing felt, some paints and sealants, pipe insulation and vermiculite insulation. Health Canada advises not to disturb materials that may contain asbestos and to hire a professional to test before renovating.
- Electrical (Ontario): homeowners may do electrical work in their own home, but must file a notification (permit) with the Electrical Safety Authority (ESA) before starting, even for little jobs, and have the work reviewed by ESA when complete. Friends, family members and neighbours cannot do electrical work in your home. ESA recommends hiring a Licensed Electrical Contractor as the safest choice.
- Gas and fuels (Ontario): only TSSA-registered fuels contractors can legally do fuels-related work, like installing or servicing gas furnaces, water heaters, stoves and fireplaces. Do not DIY gas work.
- Digging (Ontario): before any project that breaks ground (a fence post, deck footing, garden bed), request a free locate from Ontario Dig Authority (formerly Ontario One Call) at least 5 business days before you dig.
- Call a pro when: it involves gas, wiring beyond what you've notified ESA about (in Ontario) or what your local rules allow, structural changes (removing walls), roofs, major plumbing, suspected asbestos or mould, or anything that makes you nervous.
- Who may do electrical, plumbing and gas work, and who issues permits, differs by country, province, state and city (see In your country below).

The exercise I'm working on:
Walk through your home and make two lists: "I can learn this" (for example, a dripping tap or a wall hole) and "Licensed professional" (for example, the furnace, wiring, the gas stove). Save the phone numbers of a licensed electrician and a TSSA-registered contractor in your phone.

I'm stuck. Please:
1. Explain the main idea in plain, simple words with one everyday example.
2. Walk me through the exercise one small step at a time. Ask me what I've done so far before giving the next step.
3. Don't just give me the final answer. Help me do it myself, and check my work when I share it.
I'm a parent helping my child (about 8 years old) with a lesson called "Safety first and knowing when to call a pro" from the course "Home Repair Basics (Safe DIY)".

Here's what the lesson says:
Some fixes are like tying your shoes: you can learn them. Others, like electricity and gas, are like flying a plane: you need a trained, licensed person. When you're not sure, stop and ask.

The activity:
Walk through your home and make two lists: "I can learn this" (for example, a dripping tap or a wall hole) and "Licensed professional" (for example, the furnace, wiring, the gas stove). Save the phone numbers of a licensed electrician and a TSSA-registered contractor in your phone.

Please explain this so an 8-year-old understands: short sentences, a fun everyday example, and no hard words.
Then give me 3 simple questions I can ask my child to check they understood, and a way to do the activity together, one tiny step at a time.
Open Claude
Sources
My notes
02

Ladder safety and your basic toolkit

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

03

Know your home: water shut-off, panel and alarms

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

04

Simple plumbing fixes

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

05

Walls: patching holes and hanging things securely

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

06

Caulking and draft-proofing

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

07

Emergencies: gas smell, CO alarm and water leaks

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

++

Final project

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

??

Quiz

  1. Before doing your own electrical work, what should you do?

  2. Can any friend or neighbour do electrical work in your home?

  3. Who should do gas (fuel) work?

  4. What should you do before digging?

  5. What is the ladder 4-to-1 rule?

  6. Where do safety guides advise smoke alarms?

  7. How often should you test smoke alarms?

  8. What should you do if you smell gas?

  9. Where should CO alarms go?

  10. What do health agencies advise about materials that may contain asbestos?

EX

Final exam

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

CE

Certificate

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.