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Command Line Basics: your first steps in the Terminal

Step 4 of 8 in Tech Lab

Next in your path: 7.5 Python for Beginners

What you'll be able to do
  • Explain what a terminal, a shell and a command are, and open one on Mac, Windows or Linux.
  • Understand folders and paths (home, absolute, relative, . and ..).
  • Move around with pwd, cd and ls (and the PowerShell versions).
  • Create, copy, move and delete files and folders, and avoid deleting the wrong thing.
  • Run a program from the terminal and read its help and error messages.
  • Spot commands that are unsafe to paste, especially with sudo.
  • Understand how Claude Code uses the terminal.

You need no coding experience. Practise only inside a new folder you make for this course. Never experiment on folders that hold your only copy of important files.

Words in this course 27Open the Vocabulary Hall
01

What a terminal is

In simple words

Normally you tell your computer what to do by clicking pictures. A terminal lets you tell it what to do by typing words instead. You type a short instruction, press Enter, and the computer does it and writes back.

Key facts
  • A terminal is a window where you type text commands. The shell is the program inside it that understands your commands. A command is one instruction, such as ls.
  • The prompt is the text before the blinking cursor. It waits for you to type.
  • macOS: the app is called Terminal. Per Apple, open it with Spotlight (type Terminal) or go to /Applications/Utilities and double-click Terminal. The default shell is usually zsh.
  • Windows: Windows PowerShell is preinstalled on modern Windows, per Microsoft. Search for PowerShell, or press Win + X and choose Windows PowerShell or Terminal. Depending on your version, PowerShell may open inside the Windows Terminal app.
  • Windows also has an older Command Prompt (CMD). Claude Code's guide says you can tell them apart: PowerShell lines start with PS C:\Users\YourName>, CMD lines do not have PS. This course uses PowerShell.
  • Linux: the app name depends on your system. On many versions, Ctrl + Alt + T opens it, or search the menu for Terminal.
  • The same ideas work everywhere, but some commands have different names on Windows PowerShell (we show both).
macOSWindowsLinux
AppTerminalPowerShell / Windows TerminalTerminal (name varies)
Typical shellzshPowerShellbash (varies)
Prompt looks likename@Mac ~ %PS C:\Users\name>name@pc:~$
Step by step
  1. Open your terminal: on Mac press Cmd + Space, type Terminal and press Enter; on Windows press Win + X and pick Windows PowerShell (or Terminal); on Linux try Ctrl + Alt + T.
  2. Look at the prompt and the blinking cursor. That is where you type.
  3. Type echo Hello and press Enter. It prints Hello. (echo works in all of them.)
  4. Type clear and press Enter to clean the screen. (In PowerShell, clear also works.)
  5. Press the Up arrow to bring back your last command. Press Enter to run it again.
  6. Close the window when you are done.
  7. Check: you saw the word Hello printed under your command.
Watch on YouTube
Command Line Basics for Beginners - Full CoursefreeCodeCamp.org · YouTube · youtube.com

Videos by other creators on YouTube, for reference. They are not made by or affiliated with The Future Market.

LESSON 01What a terminal is
LESSON 01 / ANIMATED LESSON / AI VOICE00:00 / 01:00
Read the video script
[Host] "A terminal is a window where you type instructions instead of clicking."
[Screen: Mac Terminal, Windows PowerShell and a Linux terminal side by side] "Every computer has one. Mac has Terminal. Windows has PowerShell. Linux has a Terminal app."
[Text on screen: echo Hello] "Type echo Hello and press Enter."
[Screen: output Hello] "The computer answers. That is the whole idea."
[Host] "Type, press Enter, read the answer. Let's learn to move around next."
Try it now

Open your terminal, run echo with your own name, then press the Up arrow and change the word before running it again. Take a screenshot of your window.

ClaudeStuck? Copy a ready-made prompt for Claude

Copy this, open Claude, paste it, and Claude will walk you through the lesson step by step.

For a grown-up: Claude is for adults (18+). Copy this, paste it into Claude, and use the answer to explain the lesson to your child.

I'm learning "Command Line Basics: your first steps in the Terminal" on The Future Market. Lesson 1: "What a terminal is".

What the lesson teaches:
- A terminal is a window where you type text commands. The shell is the program inside it that understands your commands. A command is one instruction, such as ls.
- The prompt is the text before the blinking cursor. It waits for you to type.
- macOS: the app is called Terminal. Per Apple, open it with Spotlight (type Terminal) or go to /Applications/Utilities and double-click Terminal. The default shell is usually zsh.
- Windows: Windows PowerShell is preinstalled on modern Windows, per Microsoft. Search for PowerShell, or press Win + X and choose Windows PowerShell or Terminal. Depending on your version, PowerShell may open inside the Windows Terminal app.
- Windows also has an older Command Prompt (CMD). Claude Code's guide says you can tell them apart: PowerShell lines start with PS C:\Users\YourName>, CMD lines do not have PS. This course uses PowerShell.
- Linux: the app name depends on your system. On many versions, Ctrl + Alt + T opens it, or search the menu for Terminal.
- The same ideas work everywhere, but some commands have different names on Windows PowerShell (we show both).

The exercise I'm working on:
Open your terminal, run echo with your own name, then press the Up arrow and change the word before running it again. Take a screenshot of your window.

I'm stuck. Please:
1. Explain the main idea in plain, simple words with one everyday example.
2. Walk me through the exercise one small step at a time. Ask me what I've done so far before giving the next step.
3. Don't just give me the final answer. Help me do it myself, and check my work when I share it.
I'm a parent helping my child (about 8 years old) with a lesson called "What a terminal is" from the course "Command Line Basics: your first steps in the Terminal".

Here's what the lesson says:
Normally you tell your computer what to do by clicking pictures. A terminal lets you tell it what to do by typing words instead. You type a short instruction, press Enter, and the computer does it and writes back.

The activity:
Open your terminal, run echo with your own name, then press the Up arrow and change the word before running it again. Take a screenshot of your window.

Please explain this so an 8-year-old understands: short sentences, a fun everyday example, and no hard words.
Then give me 3 simple questions I can ask my child to check they understood, and a way to do the activity together, one tiny step at a time.
Open Claude
Sources
My notes
02

Folders and paths

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

03

Moving around (pwd, cd, ls)

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

04

Making, copying, moving and deleting (safely)

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

05

Running programs

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

06

Safety: never paste what you do not understand

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

07

How Claude Code uses the terminal

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

++

Final project

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

??

Quiz

  1. What is a terminal, and what is a shell?

  2. How does Apple say to open Terminal on a Mac?

  3. What does pwd do?

  4. What do . and .. mean in a path?

  5. What are the PowerShell names for cd and ls?

  6. Which command makes a folder?

  7. Is there an undo for rm or Remove-Item?

  8. What does rm -i do?

  9. What does -WhatIf do in PowerShell?

  10. Why be careful with sudo or Run as administrator?

  11. What should you do with a command you do not understand?

  12. How do you start Claude Code from a project folder?

EX

Final exam

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

CE

Certificate

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.