A farmer sells tomatoes to a trader at ₱40 per kg (or about US$0.70 per kg in a practice US example). The same tomatoes sell in town for much more. The gap pays for sorting, crates, the truck, the stall and the tomatoes that spoiled on the way.
The farm-to-customer value chain
Think of a mango's trip: it grows on a tree, gets picked, sorted, packed, carried to a market and finally eaten. At every step someone does a job and gets paid a little. If the mango gets squished on the way, nobody gets paid for it.
- A value chain is every step a product passes through: inputs (seed, feed), growing or raising, harvest, sorting and grading, packing, storage, transport, processing, selling and the final customer.
- Farmgate price is the price a farmer gets when produce leaves the farm. The final shop price is higher because each later step adds costs (transport, storage, packing, risk, profit).
- You can capture more of the final price by doing more steps yourself (grading, packing, delivering, processing), but each step adds cost, work and risk.
- Loss is a big hidden cost. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that 13.4 percent of the food produced globally is lost after harvest and before it reaches retail.
- Common causes of loss: rough handling, heat, no cooling, poor packaging, pests in storage and slow transport.
- Take one product you grow or could grow, such as tomatoes.
- On a sheet of paper, draw boxes left to right: inputs, growing, harvest, sorting, packing, storage, transport, selling, customer.
- Under each box write who does the job now and what it costs.
- Mark in red every place where produce gets damaged or lost (rough handling, heat, slow transport).
- Circle one step you could do yourself, such as grading or packing, and note the extra cost and work.
- Check: every box has a cost and a person, and you found at least one loss point.
Videos by other creators on YouTube, for reference. They are not made by or affiliated with The Future Market.
Read the video script
[Host, holding a mango] "This mango has a long trip ahead: picked, sorted, packed, moved and sold."
[Text on screen: Farm → Sort → Pack → Store → Move → Sell] "Every step costs money, and every step adds value."
[Text on screen: 13.4% of food lost after harvest, before retail (FAO)] "The FAO estimates about 13.4 percent of the world's food is lost before it even reaches a shop."
[Host] "Cut the loss, and you keep more of what you grow."
Draw your product's value chain on one page. Under each step, write who does it now, what it costs, and where produce gets damaged or lost.
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I'm learning "Agribusiness: selling farm products, co-ops & markets" on The Future Market. Lesson 1: "The farm-to-customer value chain". What the lesson teaches: - A value chain is every step a product passes through: inputs (seed, feed), growing or raising, harvest, sorting and grading, packing, storage, transport, processing, selling and the final customer. - Farmgate price is the price a farmer gets when produce leaves the farm. The final shop price is higher because each later step adds costs (transport, storage, packing, risk, profit). - You can capture more of the final price by doing more steps yourself (grading, packing, delivering, processing), but each step adds cost, work and risk. - Loss is a big hidden cost. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that 13.4 percent of the food produced globally is lost after harvest and before it reaches retail. - Common causes of loss: rough handling, heat, no cooling, poor packaging, pests in storage and slow transport. The exercise I'm working on: Draw your product's value chain on one page. Under each step, write who does it now, what it costs, and where produce gets damaged or lost. I'm stuck. Please: 1. Explain the main idea in plain, simple words with one everyday example. 2. Walk me through the exercise one small step at a time. Ask me what I've done so far before giving the next step. 3. Don't just give me the final answer. Help me do it myself, and check my work when I share it.
I'm a parent helping my child (about 8 years old) with a lesson called "The farm-to-customer value chain" from the course "Agribusiness: selling farm products, co-ops & markets". Here's what the lesson says: Think of a mango's trip: it grows on a tree, gets picked, sorted, packed, carried to a market and finally eaten. At every step someone does a job and gets paid a little. If the mango gets squished on the way, nobody gets paid for it. The activity: Draw your product's value chain on one page. Under each step, write who does it now, what it costs, and where produce gets damaged or lost. Please explain this so an 8-year-old understands: short sentences, a fun everyday example, and no hard words. Then give me 3 simple questions I can ask my child to check they understood, and a way to do the activity together, one tiny step at a time.
Sources
- FAO, International Day of Awareness of Food Loss and Waste (13.4 percent figure): www.fao.org/statistics/highlights-archive/highlights-detail/on-the-int
Know your costs, then set your price
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Where to sell: choosing your markets
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Co-operatives and farmer groups
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Safe food, healthy animals, careful chemicals
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Rules where you live
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Records, contracts and growing carefully
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Final project
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Quiz
What does "farmgate price" mean?
The price the farmer receives when produce leaves the farm.
According to the FAO, about what share of food is lost after harvest and before retail?
About 13.4 percent.
Why should you divide costs by kilos sold, not kilos planted or harvested?
Because spoiled or unsold produce still costs money, so your real cost per kilo is higher.
What is the price for a 30% margin if your cost is 35 per kg?
35 ÷ 0.70 = 50 per kg.
Name two of the ICA's seven co-operative principles.
For example, voluntary and open membership, and democratic member control.
How many members does the CDA say you need to organize a primary co-op in the Philippines?
At least 15, and each must complete the PMES.
Who should you ask about animal medicine or pesticide use?
A licensed veterinarian or agronomist, and always follow the product label and local rules.
In the UK, how long before trading should a food business register with the council?
At least 28 days.
What is one way to reduce the risk of a buyer not paying?
Use a written agreement and sell through more than one buyer.
Final exam
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Certificate
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