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School of Business

Agribusiness: selling farm products, co-ops & markets

Step 7 of 11 in Business Hall

Next in your path: 2.8 Start a Clipping Agency

What you'll be able to do
  • See the whole path from farm to customer and spot where value is added or lost.
  • Work out your real cost per kilo (or per piece) and set a price with a margin.
  • Compare the main places to sell: traders, markets, direct, shops, restaurants and processors.
  • Understand how co-operatives and farmer groups work, and when joining one makes sense.
  • Follow good practice on food safety, animal welfare, biosecurity, chemicals, water and land.
  • Find the official agencies and rules for farm selling in your country.

Important: this course is general business education. It is not legal, tax, veterinary or agronomy advice. Rules change and differ by country, state and province. For animal health, pesticides or medicines, always follow the product label and local rules, and ask a licensed veterinarian or agronomist.

Words in this course 58Open the Vocabulary Hall
01

The farm-to-customer value chain

In simple words

Think of a mango's trip: it grows on a tree, gets picked, sorted, packed, carried to a market and finally eaten. At every step someone does a job and gets paid a little. If the mango gets squished on the way, nobody gets paid for it.

Key facts
  • A value chain is every step a product passes through: inputs (seed, feed), growing or raising, harvest, sorting and grading, packing, storage, transport, processing, selling and the final customer.
  • Farmgate price is the price a farmer gets when produce leaves the farm. The final shop price is higher because each later step adds costs (transport, storage, packing, risk, profit).
  • You can capture more of the final price by doing more steps yourself (grading, packing, delivering, processing), but each step adds cost, work and risk.
  • Loss is a big hidden cost. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that 13.4 percent of the food produced globally is lost after harvest and before it reaches retail.
  • Common causes of loss: rough handling, heat, no cooling, poor packaging, pests in storage and slow transport.
Example (practice numbers)

A farmer sells tomatoes to a trader at ₱40 per kg (or about US$0.70 per kg in a practice US example). The same tomatoes sell in town for much more. The gap pays for sorting, crates, the truck, the stall and the tomatoes that spoiled on the way.

Step by step
  1. Take one product you grow or could grow, such as tomatoes.
  2. On a sheet of paper, draw boxes left to right: inputs, growing, harvest, sorting, packing, storage, transport, selling, customer.
  3. Under each box write who does the job now and what it costs.
  4. Mark in red every place where produce gets damaged or lost (rough handling, heat, slow transport).
  5. Circle one step you could do yourself, such as grading or packing, and note the extra cost and work.
  6. Check: every box has a cost and a person, and you found at least one loss point.
Watch on YouTube
How farmers earn more by adding valueFarm Smart with Vinmak · YouTube · youtube.com

Videos by other creators on YouTube, for reference. They are not made by or affiliated with The Future Market.

LESSON 01The farm-to-customer value chain
LESSON 01 / ANIMATED LESSON / AI VOICE00:00 / 01:00
Read the video script
[Host, holding a mango] "This mango has a long trip ahead: picked, sorted, packed, moved and sold."
[Text on screen: Farm → Sort → Pack → Store → Move → Sell] "Every step costs money, and every step adds value."
[Text on screen: 13.4% of food lost after harvest, before retail (FAO)] "The FAO estimates about 13.4 percent of the world's food is lost before it even reaches a shop."
[Host] "Cut the loss, and you keep more of what you grow."
Try it now

Draw your product's value chain on one page. Under each step, write who does it now, what it costs, and where produce gets damaged or lost.

ClaudeStuck? Copy a ready-made prompt for Claude

Copy this, open Claude, paste it, and Claude will walk you through the lesson step by step.

For a grown-up: Claude is for adults (18+). Copy this, paste it into Claude, and use the answer to explain the lesson to your child.

I'm learning "Agribusiness: selling farm products, co-ops & markets" on The Future Market. Lesson 1: "The farm-to-customer value chain".

What the lesson teaches:
- A value chain is every step a product passes through: inputs (seed, feed), growing or raising, harvest, sorting and grading, packing, storage, transport, processing, selling and the final customer.
- Farmgate price is the price a farmer gets when produce leaves the farm. The final shop price is higher because each later step adds costs (transport, storage, packing, risk, profit).
- You can capture more of the final price by doing more steps yourself (grading, packing, delivering, processing), but each step adds cost, work and risk.
- Loss is a big hidden cost. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that 13.4 percent of the food produced globally is lost after harvest and before it reaches retail.
- Common causes of loss: rough handling, heat, no cooling, poor packaging, pests in storage and slow transport.

The exercise I'm working on:
Draw your product's value chain on one page. Under each step, write who does it now, what it costs, and where produce gets damaged or lost.

I'm stuck. Please:
1. Explain the main idea in plain, simple words with one everyday example.
2. Walk me through the exercise one small step at a time. Ask me what I've done so far before giving the next step.
3. Don't just give me the final answer. Help me do it myself, and check my work when I share it.
I'm a parent helping my child (about 8 years old) with a lesson called "The farm-to-customer value chain" from the course "Agribusiness: selling farm products, co-ops & markets".

Here's what the lesson says:
Think of a mango's trip: it grows on a tree, gets picked, sorted, packed, carried to a market and finally eaten. At every step someone does a job and gets paid a little. If the mango gets squished on the way, nobody gets paid for it.

The activity:
Draw your product's value chain on one page. Under each step, write who does it now, what it costs, and where produce gets damaged or lost.

Please explain this so an 8-year-old understands: short sentences, a fun everyday example, and no hard words.
Then give me 3 simple questions I can ask my child to check they understood, and a way to do the activity together, one tiny step at a time.
Open Claude
Sources
My notes
02

Know your costs, then set your price

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

03

Where to sell: choosing your markets

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

04

Co-operatives and farmer groups

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

05

Safe food, healthy animals, careful chemicals

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

06

Rules where you live

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

07

Records, contracts and growing carefully

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

++

Final project

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

??

Quiz

  1. What does "farmgate price" mean?

  2. According to the FAO, about what share of food is lost after harvest and before retail?

  3. Why should you divide costs by kilos sold, not kilos planted or harvested?

  4. What is the price for a 30% margin if your cost is 35 per kg?

  5. Name two of the ICA's seven co-operative principles.

  6. How many members does the CDA say you need to organize a primary co-op in the Philippines?

  7. Who should you ask about animal medicine or pesticide use?

  8. In the UK, how long before trading should a food business register with the council?

  9. What is one way to reduce the risk of a buyer not paying?

EX

Final exam

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

CE

Certificate

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.