Files, folders and extensions
A file is like one drawing. A folder is like a binder that holds drawings. The little letters at the end of a file's name, like ".pdf", tell the computer what kind of drawing it is.
- A file holds one thing: a document, photo, song or app. A folder holds files and other folders.
- A file name has a base name and an extension, separated by a period:
essay.docx. - Common extensions:
| Extension | What it is |
|---|---|
| .docx | Microsoft Word document |
| .xlsx | Microsoft Excel workbook |
| .pptx | Microsoft PowerPoint presentation |
| Portable Document Format file | |
| .jpg | JPEG photo |
| .mp3 | Audio file |
| .zip | Compressed file |
- Show extensions so you can see them:
- Windows: File Explorer > View > File name extensions.
- Mac: Finder > Settings > Advanced > Show all filename extensions.
- Don't change an extension by hand. Apple warns that the file may then not open in the app that made it.
- A path is a file's address, like
C:\Users\Sam\Documents\essay.docxon Windows.
- Turn on file extensions. Windows: open File Explorer, click View, then File name extensions. Mac: open Finder, then Settings, then Advanced, then Show all filename extensions (names can differ by version).
- Open your Documents or Downloads folder.
- Find one .docx file, one .pdf file and one .jpg file. Write down their full names.
- Look at each name and point to the base name and the extension.
- Do not change any extension by hand, because the file may stop opening.
- Check: you can see the extensions on your files and name three types.
Videos by other creators on YouTube, for reference. They are not made by or affiliated with The Future Market.
Read the video script
[Host] "Two files called 'essay'. Which one is the PDF?"
[Screen: File Explorer > View > File name extensions] "Turn on file name extensions and the mystery's over."
[Text on screen: .docx = Word, .pdf = PDF, .jpg = photo] "The ending tells you the type. Docx is Word. PDF is PDF. JPG is a photo."
[Host] "And never rename the ending yourself. The file might stop opening."
Turn on file extensions on your computer. Find one .docx, one .pdf and one .jpg file.
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I'm learning "Computer Basics: Files, Folders, Keyboard Shortcuts" on The Future Market. Lesson 1: "Files, folders and extensions". What the lesson teaches: - A file holds one thing: a document, photo, song or app. A folder holds files and other folders. - A file name has a base name and an extension, separated by a period: essay.docx. - Common extensions: - Extension - What it is - .docx - Microsoft Word document - .xlsx - Microsoft Excel workbook - .pptx - Microsoft PowerPoint presentation The exercise I'm working on: Turn on file extensions on your computer. Find one .docx, one .pdf and one .jpg file. I'm stuck. Please: 1. Explain the main idea in plain, simple words with one everyday example. 2. Walk me through the exercise one small step at a time. Ask me what I've done so far before giving the next step. 3. Don't just give me the final answer. Help me do it myself, and check my work when I share it.
I'm a parent helping my child (about 8 years old) with a lesson called "Files, folders and extensions" from the course "Computer Basics: Files, Folders, Keyboard Shortcuts". Here's what the lesson says: A file is like one drawing. A folder is like a binder that holds drawings. The little letters at the end of a file's name, like ".pdf", tell the computer what kind of drawing it is. The activity: Turn on file extensions on your computer. Find one .docx, one .pdf and one .jpg file. Please explain this so an 8-year-old understands: short sentences, a fun everyday example, and no hard words. Then give me 3 simple questions I can ask my child to check they understood, and a way to do the activity together, one tiny step at a time.
Sources
- Microsoft Support, Common file name extensions in Windows: support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/common-file-name-extensions-in-win
- Apple Support, Show or hide filename extensions on Mac: support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/show-or-hide-filename-extensions-on-m
- Apple Support, Rename files, folders and disks on Mac: support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/rename-files-folders-and-disks-mchlp1
File Explorer and Finder
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Moving, deleting and getting files back
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Find anything with search
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Screenshots and window control
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Frozen apps, locking up and good habits
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Final project
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Quiz
What does the extension .pdf tell you?
The file is a Portable Document Format file.
Shortcut to open File Explorer on Windows?
Win+E.
How do you rename a file on a Mac?
Select it, press Return, type the new name, press Return.
What does Shift+Delete do on Windows?
Deletes the file permanently without the Recycle Bin.
Shortcut for Spotlight search on Mac?
Cmd+Space.
Shortcut to capture part of the screen on Windows? On Mac?
Win+Shift+S; Shift+Cmd+4.
How do you force quit a frozen app on a Mac?
Option+Cmd+Esc.
Shortcut to lock your computer on Windows? On Mac?
Win+L; Control+Cmd+Q.
Name two characters you can't use in a Windows file name.
Any two of < > : " / \ | ? *
Final exam
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Certificate
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