THE FUTURE MARKETACADEMY
Your classroomRoom 13 · Library
School of Student Essentials

Computer Basics: Files, Folders, Keyboard Shortcuts

Step 1 of 9 in Library

Next in your path: 13.15 Online Safety & Digital Citizenship

What you'll be able to do
  • Understand files, folders, file extensions and paths.
  • Use File Explorer (Windows) and Finder (Mac) with confidence.
  • Create, rename, move, delete and recover files.
  • Find anything on your computer in seconds with search.
  • Take screenshots and manage windows with the keyboard.
  • Fix a frozen app and lock your computer when you walk away.

Course 13.1 already covers editing shortcuts like copy, paste and undo. This course covers the computer itself.

Words in this course 24Open the Vocabulary Hall
01

Files, folders and extensions

In simple words

A file is like one drawing. A folder is like a binder that holds drawings. The little letters at the end of a file's name, like ".pdf", tell the computer what kind of drawing it is.

Key facts
  • A file holds one thing: a document, photo, song or app. A folder holds files and other folders.
  • A file name has a base name and an extension, separated by a period: essay.docx.
  • Common extensions:
ExtensionWhat it is
.docxMicrosoft Word document
.xlsxMicrosoft Excel workbook
.pptxMicrosoft PowerPoint presentation
.pdfPortable Document Format file
.jpgJPEG photo
.mp3Audio file
.zipCompressed file
  • Show extensions so you can see them:
  • Windows: File Explorer > View > File name extensions.
  • Mac: Finder > Settings > Advanced > Show all filename extensions.
  • Don't change an extension by hand. Apple warns that the file may then not open in the app that made it.
  • A path is a file's address, like C:\Users\Sam\Documents\essay.docx on Windows.
Step by step
  1. Turn on file extensions. Windows: open File Explorer, click View, then File name extensions. Mac: open Finder, then Settings, then Advanced, then Show all filename extensions (names can differ by version).
  2. Open your Documents or Downloads folder.
  3. Find one .docx file, one .pdf file and one .jpg file. Write down their full names.
  4. Look at each name and point to the base name and the extension.
  5. Do not change any extension by hand, because the file may stop opening.
  6. Check: you can see the extensions on your files and name three types.
Watch on YouTube
CS basics: file extensionsMr Matthews · YouTube · youtube.com

Videos by other creators on YouTube, for reference. They are not made by or affiliated with The Future Market.

LESSON 01Files, folders and extensions
LESSON 01 / ANIMATED LESSON / AI VOICE00:00 / 01:00
Read the video script
[Host] "Two files called 'essay'. Which one is the PDF?"
[Screen: File Explorer > View > File name extensions] "Turn on file name extensions and the mystery's over."
[Text on screen: .docx = Word, .pdf = PDF, .jpg = photo] "The ending tells you the type. Docx is Word. PDF is PDF. JPG is a photo."
[Host] "And never rename the ending yourself. The file might stop opening."
Try it now

Turn on file extensions on your computer. Find one .docx, one .pdf and one .jpg file.

ClaudeStuck? Copy a ready-made prompt for Claude

Copy this, open Claude, paste it, and Claude will walk you through the lesson step by step.

For a grown-up: Claude is for adults (18+). Copy this, paste it into Claude, and use the answer to explain the lesson to your child.

I'm learning "Computer Basics: Files, Folders, Keyboard Shortcuts" on The Future Market. Lesson 1: "Files, folders and extensions".

What the lesson teaches:
- A file holds one thing: a document, photo, song or app. A folder holds files and other folders.
- A file name has a base name and an extension, separated by a period: essay.docx.
- Common extensions:
- Extension - What it is
- .docx - Microsoft Word document
- .xlsx - Microsoft Excel workbook
- .pptx - Microsoft PowerPoint presentation

The exercise I'm working on:
Turn on file extensions on your computer. Find one .docx, one .pdf and one .jpg file.

I'm stuck. Please:
1. Explain the main idea in plain, simple words with one everyday example.
2. Walk me through the exercise one small step at a time. Ask me what I've done so far before giving the next step.
3. Don't just give me the final answer. Help me do it myself, and check my work when I share it.
I'm a parent helping my child (about 8 years old) with a lesson called "Files, folders and extensions" from the course "Computer Basics: Files, Folders, Keyboard Shortcuts".

Here's what the lesson says:
A file is like one drawing. A folder is like a binder that holds drawings. The little letters at the end of a file's name, like ".pdf", tell the computer what kind of drawing it is.

The activity:
Turn on file extensions on your computer. Find one .docx, one .pdf and one .jpg file.

Please explain this so an 8-year-old understands: short sentences, a fun everyday example, and no hard words.
Then give me 3 simple questions I can ask my child to check they understood, and a way to do the activity together, one tiny step at a time.
Open Claude
Sources
My notes
02

File Explorer and Finder

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

03

Moving, deleting and getting files back

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

04

Find anything with search

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

05

Screenshots and window control

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

06

Frozen apps, locking up and good habits

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

++

Final project

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

??

Quiz

  1. What does the extension .pdf tell you?

  2. Shortcut to open File Explorer on Windows?

  3. How do you rename a file on a Mac?

  4. What does Shift+Delete do on Windows?

  5. Shortcut for Spotlight search on Mac?

  6. Shortcut to capture part of the screen on Windows? On Mac?

  7. How do you force quit a frozen app on a Mac?

  8. Shortcut to lock your computer on Windows? On Mac?

  9. Name two characters you can't use in a Windows file name.

EX

Final exam

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

CE

Certificate

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.