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Your classroomRoom 05 · Money House
School of Money (education only)

Portfolio Concepts: diversification, costs and behaviour

Step 4 of 6 in Money House

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What you'll be able to do
  • Describe a portfolio and an asset mix, and explain what decides a mix.
  • Explain the four kinds of diversification and what diversification cannot do.
  • Add up the real cost of investing: MER, trading costs, trailing commissions and total cost reports.
  • Read a fund's risk rating (Canada's Fund Facts as the example) and talk about volatility.
  • Explain rebalancing with a worked example.
  • Name common behavioural biases and the habits that protect you from them.
  • Describe what registered advisers must do for clients (Canadian rules as the example), what to ask them and how to check their registration in your country.

This course is education only. It does not recommend any investment, and nothing here is a suggestion to buy or sell anything. Every example uses made-up numbers for practice. Investing involves risk, including losing money. For decisions about your own money, consult a licensed professional who is registered with your securities regulator (in Canada, your provincial or territorial regulator).

Words in this course 58Open the Vocabulary Hall
01

From single investments to a portfolio

In simple words

One toy is just a toy. All your toys together in one big box is your collection. A portfolio is the big box: everything you own that is an investment, looked at as one team instead of one player at a time.

Before this course: Investing Basics: Stocks, ETFs and Risk (course 5.4). You should already know what stocks, bonds, funds, ETFs, MER and diversification mean, and how to check registration (in Canada, at aretheyregistered.ca). This course does not repeat those lessons; it goes one step deeper.

Key facts
  • A portfolio is all of your investments taken together, across all your accounts (for example, in Canada, a TFSA, an RRSP and a non-registered account).
  • The asset mix (also called asset allocation) is how your portfolio is split between asset classes. GetSmarterAboutMoney describes three main classes: cash and cash equivalents, fixed income (such as bonds) and equities (stocks). Alternatives such as real estate and crypto assets can also be included.
  • GetSmarterAboutMoney says your asset mix will largely determine the risk and expected return of your portfolio. That is why it looks at the mix first and at single picks later.
  • What shapes a mix: your goals, your risk tolerance (how much loss you could handle emotionally and financially), your time horizon, whether you want growth, income or both, and your wider situation (debt, income, stage of life).
  • A mix is not permanent. It is worth reviewing when goals change, when the time horizon gets shorter (for example approaching retirement) and after big life events such as a new job or buying a home.
Step by step
  1. List every investment account you have or may have in future (for example, in Canada: TFSA, RRSP, FHSA, non-registered). If you have none, write the accounts you would like to learn about.
  2. Under each, write what it holds, using the three classes: cash, fixed income, equities.
  3. Add the amounts for each class across all accounts (use made-up amounts if you have no investments).
  4. Turn each class into a percentage of the total. Example: $6,000 in equities out of $10,000 is 60 percent.
  5. Write your goal and time horizon next to the mix.
  6. Write one sentence: does this mix match the goal and time horizon? Why or why not?
  7. Check: you have one table, three percentages that add up to 100, and one sentence. This is practice only.
Watch on YouTube
Common investing errors with The Wealthy BarberGetSmarterAboutMoney · YouTube · youtube.com

Videos by other creators on YouTube, for reference. They are not made by or affiliated with The Future Market.

LESSON 01From single investments to a portfolio
LESSON 01 / ANIMATED LESSON / AI VOICE00:00 / 01:00
Read the video script
[Host] "Stop looking at one investment at a time. Look at the whole box."
[Text on screen: PORTFOLIO = everything you own, together] "A portfolio is all your investments, across all your accounts, seen as one."
[Text on screen: CASH / FIXED INCOME / EQUITIES] "Split it into three classes: cash, fixed income like bonds, and equities like stocks."
[Text on screen: the mix largely sets risk and expected return] "That mix largely decides how risky your portfolio is."
[Host] "Your goals and your time decide the mix. Not a hot tip."
Try it now

Make the one-table view of an example or real portfolio: classes, amounts, percentages. Write the goal and time horizon next to it. Use made-up numbers if you have no investments.

ClaudeStuck? Copy a ready-made prompt for Claude

Copy this, open Claude, paste it, and Claude will walk you through the lesson step by step.

For a grown-up: Claude is for adults (18+). Copy this, paste it into Claude, and use the answer to explain the lesson to your child.

I'm learning "Portfolio Concepts: diversification, costs and behaviour" on The Future Market. Lesson 1: "From single investments to a portfolio".

What the lesson teaches:
- A portfolio is all of your investments taken together, across all your accounts (for example, in Canada, a TFSA, an RRSP and a non-registered account).
- The asset mix (also called asset allocation) is how your portfolio is split between asset classes. GetSmarterAboutMoney describes three main classes: cash and cash equivalents, fixed income (such as bonds) and equities (stocks). Alternatives such as real estate and crypto assets can also be included.
- GetSmarterAboutMoney says your asset mix will largely determine the risk and expected return of your portfolio. That is why it looks at the mix first and at single picks later.
- What shapes a mix: your goals, your risk tolerance (how much loss you could handle emotionally and financially), your time horizon, whether you want growth, income or both, and your wider situation (debt, income, stage of life).
- A mix is not permanent. It is worth reviewing when goals change, when the time horizon gets shorter (for example approaching retirement) and after big life events such as a new job or buying a home.

The exercise I'm working on:
Make the one-table view of an example or real portfolio: classes, amounts, percentages. Write the goal and time horizon next to it. Use made-up numbers if you have no investments.

I'm stuck. Please:
1. Explain the main idea in plain, simple words with one everyday example.
2. Walk me through the exercise one small step at a time. Ask me what I've done so far before giving the next step.
3. Don't just give me the final answer. Help me do it myself, and check my work when I share it.
4. This is for learning only. Remind me to check with a licensed professional before I make a real decision about my own money, health or legal situation.
I'm a parent helping my child (about 8 years old) with a lesson called "From single investments to a portfolio" from the course "Portfolio Concepts: diversification, costs and behaviour".

Here's what the lesson says:
One toy is just a toy. All your toys together in one big box is your collection. A portfolio is the big box: everything you own that is an investment, looked at as one team instead of one player at a time.

The activity:
Make the one-table view of an example or real portfolio: classes, amounts, percentages. Write the goal and time horizon next to it. Use made-up numbers if you have no investments.

Please explain this so an 8-year-old understands: short sentences, a fun everyday example, and no hard words.
Then give me 3 simple questions I can ask my child to check they understood, and a way to do the activity together, one tiny step at a time.
Keep it general and educational. This is not advice for a real situation.
Open Claude
Sources
My notes
02

Diversification in depth

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

03

The full cost of investing

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

04

Volatility and fund risk ratings (Canada's Fund Facts as the example)

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

05

Rebalancing

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

06

Behaviour and biases

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

07

What registered advisers must do, and what to ask

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

++

Final project

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

??

Quiz

  1. What is a portfolio?

  2. What are the three main asset classes described in this course?

  3. Name two of the four ways to diversify.

  4. Can diversification remove all risk?

  5. What does the MER pay for and who sees the bill?

  6. Why do some regulators ban hidden sales commissions inside funds?

  7. What does total cost reporting show?

  8. What does a Fund Facts risk rating measure?

  9. A 60/40 portfolio drifts to about 70/30. What is that called, and what is the fix?

  10. What is loss aversion?

  11. What do client-first rules require of advisers?

  12. Where do you check an adviser's registration?

EX

Final exam

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.

CE

Certificate

This lesson is part of full access: every course and every level for one payment.