Investment Research Methods: evidence, regulation and ethics

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I'm learning "Investment Research Methods: evidence, regulation and ethics" on The Future Market. Lesson 1: "The research plan: question, thesis and what would prove you wrong".

What the lesson teaches:
- A research question is specific and answerable, for example: "Is the made-up company Alder Bay Kitchens turning its profit into cash?" A vague question ("Is it good?") cannot be tested.
- A thesis is your current best answer, written so it can be proven wrong: "Operating cash flow will stay above net income for the next two years."
- Disconfirming evidence: before you look, write what would change your mind ("If operating cash flow falls below net income two years in a row, the thesis is wrong"). This fights confirmation bias, the habit of looking only for evidence that agrees with you.
- Label every statement in a note as a fact (from a filed report), an estimate (your number, with its assumptions) or an opinion.
- Keep records of what you looked at and why, so another person can repeat your work.
- These habits match professional standards. The CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct (effective 1 January 2024) applies to CFA Institute members and CFA Program and CIPM Program candidates. Its Standard V, "Investment Analysis, Recommendations, and Actions", includes V(A) Diligence and Reasonable Basis, V(B) Communication with Clients and Prospective Clients and V(C) Record Retention. The guidance is in the Standards of Practice Handbook (12th edition, 2024).
- Part of the plan - Example (made-up company)

The exercise I'm working on:
Write a one-page research plan for a made-up company: question, thesis, disconfirming evidence, documents needed and a five-line research log.

I'm stuck. Please:
1. Explain the main idea in plain, simple words with one everyday example.
2. Walk me through the exercise one small step at a time. Ask me what I've done so far before giving the next step.
3. Don't just give me the final answer. Help me do it myself, and check my work when I share it.
4. This is for learning only. Remind me to check with a licensed professional before I make a real decision about my own money, health or legal situation.

I'm a parent helping my child (about 8 years old) with a lesson called "The research plan: question, thesis and what would prove you wrong" from the course "Investment Research Methods: evidence, regulation and ethics".

Here's what the lesson says:
A detective does not decide who did it first and then look only for clues that agree. They write down what they think, what clue would prove them wrong, and then they look. Good investment research works the same way.

The activity:
Write a one-page research plan for a made-up company: question, thesis, disconfirming evidence, documents needed and a five-line research log.

Please explain this so an 8-year-old understands: short sentences, a fun everyday example, and no hard words.
Then give me 3 simple questions I can ask my child to check they understood, and a way to do the activity together, one tiny step at a time.
Keep it general and educational. This is not advice for a real situation.