If USD/CAD were quoted at 1.3500, one US dollar would cost 1.35 Canadian dollars. If it moved to 1.3510, that is a 10-pip move. This number is invented for practice.
What the forex market is
When you travel, you swap your money for another country's money. The forex market is where the whole world does that swapping, all day long, in giant amounts.
- Forex (FX, foreign exchange) is the market for exchanging one currency for another.
- It is the largest financial market in the world. The Bank for International Settlements' 2025 Triennial Survey found average global FX trading of about US$9.6 trillion per day in April 2025.
- Most forex is traded over the counter (between banks, dealers and other institutions), not on one central exchange. That is why different sources can show slightly different prices at the same time.
- Currencies are quoted in pairs, such as USD/CAD. The first currency is the base, the second is the quote. The price tells you how much of the quote currency one unit of the base currency costs.
- A pip is a small standard unit of price movement. For most pairs it is the fourth decimal place (0.0001); for pairs with the Japanese yen it is usually the second (0.01).
- The spread is the gap between the price you can buy at (ask) and sell at (bid). It is a cost on every trade.
- Real example (USD/CAD noon rates, Federal Reserve): on 31 December 2024 USD/CAD was 1.4400: one US dollar cost 1.44 Canadian dollars. The day before it was 1.4374. The move from 1.4374 to 1.4400 is 26 pips (0.0026 = 26 x 0.0001).
- Open two different websites that show currency rates, such as a bank site and a news site.
- Look up today's USD/CAD on both and write down both numbers and the time.
- Note whether they differ slightly, and write one sentence on why (forex is traded over the counter, so prices can differ a little).
- Write the pair in words: the first currency is the base, the second is the quote, and the price is how much quote currency one base unit costs.
- Practise a pip with a made-up number: 1.3500 moving to 1.3510 is 10 pips.
- Check: you can name the base and the quote of USD/CAD and say what a spread is. This is practice only, with no trading.
Videos by other creators on YouTube, for reference. They are not made by or affiliated with The Future Market.
Read the video script
[Host] "Every time you swap money for a trip, you touch the biggest market on Earth."
[Text on screen: about US$9.6 trillion per day, April 2025 (BIS)] "The forex market traded about nine point six trillion US dollars a day in April 2025."
[Text on screen: USD/CAD = base / quote] "Currencies come in pairs. The first is the base, the second is the quote."
[Text on screen: 1.3500 to 1.3510 = 10 pips (example)] "Small moves are counted in pips."
[Text on screen: SPREAD = ask minus bid] "And the spread, the gap between buy and sell, is a cost every single time."
Look up today's USD/CAD rate on two different websites. Write down both numbers and the time. Notice whether they differ slightly, and explain why in one sentence (hint: over-the-counter market).
ClaudeStuck? Copy a ready-made prompt for Claude
Copy this, open Claude, paste it, and Claude will walk you through the lesson step by step.
For a grown-up: Claude is for adults (18+). Copy this, paste it into Claude, and use the answer to explain the lesson to your child.
I'm learning "Forex and Gold Market Basics (Education Only)" on The Future Market. Lesson 1: "What the forex market is". What the lesson teaches: - Forex (FX, foreign exchange) is the market for exchanging one currency for another. - It is the largest financial market in the world. The Bank for International Settlements' 2025 Triennial Survey found average global FX trading of about US$9.6 trillion per day in April 2025. - Most forex is traded over the counter (between banks, dealers and other institutions), not on one central exchange. That is why different sources can show slightly different prices at the same time. - Currencies are quoted in pairs, such as USD/CAD. The first currency is the base, the second is the quote. The price tells you how much of the quote currency one unit of the base currency costs. - A pip is a small standard unit of price movement. For most pairs it is the fourth decimal place (0.0001); for pairs with the Japanese yen it is usually the second (0.01). - The spread is the gap between the price you can buy at (ask) and sell at (bid). It is a cost on every trade. - Real example (USD/CAD noon rates, Federal Reserve): on 31 December 2024 USD/CAD was 1.4400: one US dollar cost 1.44 Canadian dollars. The day before it was 1.4374. The move from 1.4374 to 1.4400 is 26 pips (0.0026 = 26 x 0.0001). The exercise I'm working on: Look up today's USD/CAD rate on two different websites. Write down both numbers and the time. Notice whether they differ slightly, and explain why in one sentence (hint: over-the-counter market). I'm stuck. Please: 1. Explain the main idea in plain, simple words with one everyday example. 2. Walk me through the exercise one small step at a time. Ask me what I've done so far before giving the next step. 3. Don't just give me the final answer. Help me do it myself, and check my work when I share it. 4. This is for learning only. Remind me to check with a licensed professional before I make a real decision about my own money, health or legal situation.
I'm a parent helping my child (about 8 years old) with a lesson called "What the forex market is" from the course "Forex and Gold Market Basics (Education Only)". Here's what the lesson says: When you travel, you swap your money for another country's money. The forex market is where the whole world does that swapping, all day long, in giant amounts. The activity: Look up today's USD/CAD rate on two different websites. Write down both numbers and the time. Notice whether they differ slightly, and explain why in one sentence (hint: over-the-counter market). Please explain this so an 8-year-old understands: short sentences, a fun everyday example, and no hard words. Then give me 3 simple questions I can ask my child to check they understood, and a way to do the activity together, one tiny step at a time. Keep it general and educational. This is not advice for a real situation.
Sources
- Bank for International Settlements, Triennial Central Bank Survey 2025: www.bis.org/statistics/rpfx25.htm
- Federal Reserve Board, Canadian dollars per US dollar (DEXCAUS, noon rates in New York), via FRED (chart data): fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DEXCAUS
What tends to move currencies
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Gold basics
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Leverage and margin
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News, volatility and gaps
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Staying safe
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Final project
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Quiz
In USD/CAD, which is the base currency?
USD.
About how much forex was traded per day in April 2025, according to the BIS?
About US$9.6 trillion.
What is the spread?
The gap between the buy (ask) and sell (bid) price.
Name two general forces that move currencies.
Any two of: interest rates and central banks, inflation, economic data, risk mood, trade and commodities, intervention.
In what unit is gold usually quoted?
US dollars per troy ounce (about 31.1 grams).
What are the World Gold Council's five driver groups?
Economic expansion, risk and uncertainty, opportunity cost (currency), opportunity cost (interest rates), momentum and trends.
At 50:1 leverage, what does a 2% move against you do to your deposit?
It wipes out 100% of it.
What is a margin call?
A demand to add money, or automatic closing of positions, when losses use up your margin.
Why can prices gap on Monday?
The market pauses over the weekend while news can still happen.
Where can you check if a trading firm is registered?
Your own country's financial regulator's register.
Final exam
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Certificate
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