Our neighbourhood: the Sun and the planets
The Sun is a giant ball of glowing hot gas, and eight planets go around it, like kids running around a campfire. Earth is the third one from the Sun, the one with water, air and us.
- The Sun is a star. It is the centre of our solar system.
- Eight planets, in order from the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. (A memory trick: "My Very Easy Method Just Speeds Up Naming.")
- Inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) are rocky, with solid surfaces.
- Outer planets: Jupiter and Saturn are gas giants; Uranus and Neptune are ice giants. They have no solid surface to stand on.
- Dwarf planets recognized by NASA: Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake and Eris.
- The International Astronomical Union reclassified Pluto as a dwarf planet in 2006.
- Planets vs. stars in the sky: planets shine by reflecting sunlight. Five planets can be seen without a telescope: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. Planets usually shine with a steadier light than stars, which tend to twinkle.
- Cut 8 paper circles and write a planet name on each: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
- Lay them in order in the hallway or backyard, starting from the Sun.
- Mark the rocky ones, the gas giants and the ice giants.
- Say the memory sentence out loud as you walk past each one.
- Say which five planets can be seen without a telescope.
- Check: you can say all eight planets in order without looking.
Read the video script
[Host] "Let's tour our neighbourhood in space."
[Screen: animation of the Sun and planets in order] "Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars. Small and rocky."
[Screen: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune] "Then the giants: Jupiter and Saturn are gas giants, Uranus and Neptune are ice giants."
[Text on screen: Pluto = dwarf planet since 2006] "And Pluto? Since 2006, it's officially a dwarf planet."
[Host] "Tonight, look for a bright dot that doesn't twinkle. It might be a planet."
Make a planet line in your hallway or backyard. Use 8 paper circles, one for each planet, and put them in order. Say the memory sentence out loud as you place them. Then check a free sky app or website to see which planets are visible tonight from your city.
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I'm learning "Astronomy: Stars, Planets & the Night Sky" on The Future Market. Lesson 1: "Our neighbourhood: the Sun and the planets". What the lesson teaches: - The Sun is a star. It is the centre of our solar system. - Eight planets, in order from the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. (A memory trick: "My Very Easy Method Just Speeds Up Naming.") - Inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) are rocky, with solid surfaces. - Outer planets: Jupiter and Saturn are gas giants; Uranus and Neptune are ice giants. They have no solid surface to stand on. - Dwarf planets recognized by NASA: Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake and Eris. - The International Astronomical Union reclassified Pluto as a dwarf planet in 2006. - Planets vs. stars in the sky: planets shine by reflecting sunlight. Five planets can be seen without a telescope: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. Planets usually shine with a steadier light than stars, which tend to twinkle. The exercise I'm working on: Make a planet line in your hallway or backyard. Use 8 paper circles, one for each planet, and put them in order. Say the memory sentence out loud as you place them. Then check a free sky app or website to see which planets are visible tonight from your city. I'm stuck. Please: 1. Explain the main idea in plain, simple words with one everyday example. 2. Walk me through the exercise one small step at a time. Ask me what I've done so far before giving the next step. 3. Don't just give me the final answer. Help me do it myself, and check my work when I share it.
I'm a parent helping my child (about 8 years old) with a lesson called "Our neighbourhood: the Sun and the planets" from the course "Astronomy: Stars, Planets & the Night Sky". Here's what the lesson says: The Sun is a giant ball of glowing hot gas, and eight planets go around it, like kids running around a campfire. Earth is the third one from the Sun, the one with water, air and us. The activity: Make a planet line in your hallway or backyard. Use 8 paper circles, one for each planet, and put them in order. Say the memory sentence out loud as you place them. Then check a free sky app or website to see which planets are visible tonight from your city. Please explain this so an 8-year-old understands: short sentences, a fun everyday example, and no hard words. Then give me 3 simple questions I can ask my child to check they understood, and a way to do the activity together, one tiny step at a time.
Sources
- NASA Science, Planets: science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planets/
- NASA Science, Pluto: science.nasa.gov/dwarf-planets/pluto/
How far is far? Light-years made simple
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The Moon and its phases
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Stars, colours and constellations
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Stargazing: dark skies and meteor showers (with Canadian examples)
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The Sun and eclipses: look safely
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Final project
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Quiz
Name the eight planets in order from the Sun.
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
When was Pluto reclassified as a dwarf planet, and by whom?
2006, by the International Astronomical Union.
Is a light-year a time or a distance?
A distance: how far light travels in one year (about 9 trillion km).
How long does sunlight take to reach Earth?
About 8.3 minutes.
How far away is the nearest star after the Sun?
About 4.3 light-years.
What causes the Moon's phases?
We see different amounts of the Moon's sunlit half as it orbits Earth.
Why do we always see the same side of the Moon?
It spins once for every orbit around Earth (synchronous rotation).
Which is hotter: a blue star or a red star?
A blue star.
How do you find Polaris?
Follow the two stars at the end of the Big Dipper's cup.
What is a dark-sky preserve?
A place where artificial light is limited so the night sky stays dark; some countries officially designate them.
Are regular dark sunglasses safe for looking at the Sun?
No. Use solar viewers that meet ISO 12312-2, or a pinhole projector.
What is the difference between a solar and a lunar eclipse?
Solar: the Moon blocks the Sun. Lunar: Earth's shadow falls on the Moon.
Final exam
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Certificate
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