Maya bakes cookies on weekends and sells them at markets. She works alone and spends little money, so she starts as a sole proprietor. If she later signs a big lease and hires staff, she can talk to an accountant about incorporating.
Pick your business structure
Starting a business is like starting a lemonade stand. You can run it alone, run it with a friend, or make the stand its own "person" on paper. Each way has different rules about who pays if something goes wrong.
| Structure | Who owns it | Who is responsible for debts | Set-up |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sole proprietorship | One person | You personally (unlimited liability) | Simplest and cheapest |
| Partnership | Two or more people | In a general partnership, the partners personally | Simple; write a partnership agreement |
| Corporation | Shareholders | The corporation itself; shareholders generally have limited liability | More paperwork and cost |
- "Unlimited liability" means that if the business owes money, your personal things (savings, car) can be used to pay it.
- A corporation is a separate legal "person". It files its own tax return.
- A sole proprietor reports business income on their personal tax return using CRA form T2125, Statement of Business or Professional Activities.
- In Ontario, incorporating online costs $300 (government fee). Incorporating federally with Corporations Canada costs $200 online.
- Many people start as a sole proprietor and incorporate later. Ask an accountant when the change makes sense for you.
- Write down what your business will do and who owns it (just you, you plus partners, or a company).
- Look at the table in the lesson. For each structure, note who pays if something goes wrong.
- Pick the one that fits today. Most people with one owner and little money start as a sole proprietor.
- Write one paragraph: "My business will start as a ______ because ______."
- Write one risk you worry about and one question for an accountant.
- Check: you can say in one sentence what "unlimited liability" means for you.
Videos by other creators on YouTube, for reference. They are not made by or affiliated with The Future Market.
Read the video script
[Host] "Before you sell anything, decide what kind of business you are."
[Text on screen: Sole proprietor / Partnership / Corporation] "There are three common choices in Canada."
[Screen: simple drawing of a person carrying a business on their back] "A sole proprietor is you. If the business owes money, you owe it."
[Screen: two people shaking hands over a contract] "A partnership is two or more owners. Put your deal in writing."
[Screen: a building with a name tag] "A corporation is its own legal person. More paperwork, but it can protect your personal things."
[Text on screen: Ontario $300 online / Federal $200 online] "Incorporating costs $300 in Ontario online, or $200 federally online."
[Host] "Not sure? Many people start simple and talk to an accountant later."
Write one paragraph: "My business will start as a ______ because ______." List one risk you are worried about (debts, lawsuits, partners) and one question to ask an accountant.
ClaudeStuck? Copy a ready-made prompt for Claude
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For a grown-up: Claude is for adults (18+). Copy this, paste it into Claude, and use the answer to explain the lesson to your child.
I'm learning "Start a Small Business in Canada: Registration, HST and Banking" on The Future Market. Lesson 1: "Pick your business structure". What the lesson teaches: - Structure - Who owns it - Who is responsible for debts - Set-up - Sole proprietorship - One person - You personally (unlimited liability) - Simplest and cheapest - Partnership - Two or more people - In a general partnership, the partners personally - Simple; write a partnership agreement - Corporation - Shareholders - The corporation itself; shareholders generally have limited liability - More paperwork and cost - "Unlimited liability" means that if the business owes money, your personal things (savings, car) can be used to pay it. - A corporation is a separate legal "person". It files its own tax return. - A sole proprietor reports business income on their personal tax return using CRA form T2125, Statement of Business or Professional Activities. The exercise I'm working on: Write one paragraph: "My business will start as a ______ because ______." List one risk you are worried about (debts, lawsuits, partners) and one question to ask an accountant. I'm stuck. Please: 1. Explain the main idea in plain, simple words with one everyday example. 2. Walk me through the exercise one small step at a time. Ask me what I've done so far before giving the next step. 3. Don't just give me the final answer. Help me do it myself, and check my work when I share it. 4. This is for learning only. Remind me to check with a licensed professional before I make a real decision about my own money, health or legal situation.
I'm a parent helping my child (about 8 years old) with a lesson called "Pick your business structure" from the course "Start a Small Business in Canada: Registration, HST and Banking". Here's what the lesson says: Starting a business is like starting a lemonade stand. You can run it alone, run it with a friend, or make the stand its own "person" on paper. Each way has different rules about who pays if something goes wrong. The activity: Write one paragraph: "My business will start as a ______ because ______." List one risk you are worried about (debts, lawsuits, partners) and one question to ask an accountant. Please explain this so an 8-year-old understands: short sentences, a fun everyday example, and no hard words. Then give me 3 simple questions I can ask my child to check they understood, and a way to do the activity together, one tiny step at a time. Keep it general and educational. This is not advice for a real situation.
Sources
- Ontario, cost and time to register a business name or corporation: ontario.ca/page/cost-time-required-to-register-change-search-for-busin
- Corporations Canada, federal incorporation: ised-isde.canada.ca/site/corporations-canada/en/node/159
- CRA, Form T2125: www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/forms-publications/forms/t212
Register your business name (Ontario)
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Your Business Number (BN) and CRA accounts
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GST/HST and the $30,000 small supplier rule
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Banking, records and tax deadlines
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Your start-up checklist
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Final project
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Quiz
Which structure gives the owner unlimited personal liability?
A sole proprietorship (and partners in a general partnership).
In Ontario, when must a sole proprietor register a business name?
When operating under a name other than their own legal name.
How much does it cost to register a business name online in Ontario, and how long does it last?
$60; 5 years.
What is the GST/HST small supplier threshold for most businesses?
$30,000 in taxable sales over four consecutive calendar quarters.
If you pass $30,000 in a single quarter, when must you start charging GST/HST?
On the sale that pushed you over.
What is the HST rate in Ontario?
13%.
Which CRA form does a sole proprietor use to report business income?
T2125, Statement of Business or Professional Activities.
How long does the CRA generally want you to keep records?
Six years from the end of the last tax year they relate to.
Self-employed with a December 31 year-end: filing deadline and payment deadline?
File by June 15; pay by April 30.
Which free tool lists the permits and licences you may need?
BizPaL.
Final exam
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Certificate
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